This thesis is based on research and observations of children on a preschool when playing in the free-play. What do the children choose to play with, when they get to choose for themselves? And how do they play? Do boys and girls together or do they divide themselves up? How important is the free-playing for the development of the child? Genus is also an important element which is interesting to observe and to see different patterns in. The abidance?s have been made while the children have been playing, and from discrete observations notes have been taken.I have been working with material, and literature from distinguished researchers within the subject.

In November 2006 and July 2007, changes were made to the Social Services Law and the Criminal Injuries Law, defining children who have witnessed domestic violence as crime victims. The objective of our study is to examine if these changes have affected how social workers responsible for child protection inquiries interact with children who have witnessed domestic violence, and to what extent these children?s need of support are taken into account. Qualitative interviews have been carried out with five social workers, with the aim to evaluate how they meet and become aware of these children. Our problem-formulation is based upon the question how social services implement the recent changes to the law.

Barnets bästa beskrivs av forskare som ett svårdefinierat begrepp. Trots detta är begreppet lagstadgat och ska vara avgörande för alla beslut kring vårdnad, boende och umgänge. Syftet med studien har varit att undersöka Gävle tingsrätts diskussion av barnets bästa i vårdnads-, boende- och umgängesdomar under åren 1992, 2002 och 2012 samt om det skett någon förändring över tid. En form av textanalys användes för att analysera empirin som sedan studerades med socialkonstruktionistisk och rättssociologisk teori. Det mest framträdande resultatet var att tingsrättens diskussion kring barnets bästa oftast skett indirekt, där ingen direkt motivering har gjorts huruvida en viss situation är till barnets bästa eller inte.

Abstract Children with neuropsychiatric disorders often require special arrangements from the society. These measures could target the child itself, its parents, or other parts of the social network surrounding the child. Parents of children with neuropsychiatric disorders are often deeply engaged both in their child and in these measures.Three parents of children with neuropsychiatric disorders, and four counselors in different habilitation centers, were interviewed. The purpose of this qualitative interview study was to describe the methods with which the counselors worked to support parents of children with neuropsychiatric disorders, and to understand how the parents experienced this support offered by the counselors.The qualitative interviews with counselors and parents followed a thematic interview guide. A structured interview form was used.

Background: Children frequently exhibit high levels of distress while undergoing routine blood sampling or injections. If the child is not treated with appropriate care, the feelings of distress may increase over time and result in needle-phobia. Objective: The purpose of this study was to describe nurses´ possibilities to relieve distress in children undergoing needle sticks. Method: A systematic literature review was conducted through database search and screening of reference lists. Ten research articles with a quantitative approach were included, coded for quality and then analyzed.

Bakgrund: Cancer är en de vanligaste sjukdomarna i världen och som sjuksköterska kommer man möta cancersjuka patienter med behov av vård och omsorg under sin sista tid i livet, oavsett vart man är yrkesverksam. Att drabbas av svår sjukdom och hamna i ett palliativt tillstånd kan vara svårt för patienten att hantera. Sjuksköterskan bör ha kunskap för att kunna lindra lidande och främja välbefinnande hos patienten i detta skede.Syfte: Syftet med studien är att belysa palliativa patienters erfarenheter av att leva med cancersjukdom i livets slutskede.Metod: Systematisk litteraturstudie av tio vetenskapliga artiklar. Deduktiv analys där författarna använt De 6 S:n ? En modell för personcentrerad palliativ vård som teoretisk referensram.Resultat: Patienternas erfarenheter av den sista tiden i livet presenterades som fyra teman med sju subteman.

Bakgrund: Varje år drabbas ca 300 familjer i Sverige av det tragiska beskedet att deras barn har cancer, från den dagen blir deras liv aldrig sig likt. Allt fokus hamnar på det sjuka barnet och andra viktigare saker hamnar i skymundan. Att som sjuksköterska möta dessa familjerna kan vara både svårt och påfrestande då de inte alltid vet hur de skall bemöta familjen i sin sorg. Syfte: Syftet var att belysa föräldrars upplevelser i nära anslutning till barnets bortgång i cancer. Metod: Denna kvalitativa litteraturstudien är baserad på sex självbiografier och data har analyserats enligt en kvalitativ manifest innehållsanalys (Lundman & Hällgren Graneheim, 2012). Resultat: Resultatet visar att när läkarna har gjort allt för att barnet skall bli frisk men det räcker inte till, känner föräldrarna att de vill göra allt de kan för att barnet skall få en sådan bra sista tid i livet som möjligt. Vidare framkommer det att när slutet är nära och föärldrarna ser hur barnet lider önskar de att barnet får somna in. Slutsats: Efter barnets död upplever föräldrrna att de har svårt att gå vidre i livet och känna glädje igen, då sorgen efter barnet är för stor. Att ha en bra relation föräldrar och vårdpersonal emellan och att de får det stöd de behöver, hjälper föräldrrna mycket i det kaotiska liv de lever. .

Benign Childhood Epilepsy with Centrotemporal Spikes - BCECTS is a common neurological syndrome but the possible cognitive effects are still relatively unknown. In the study 12 children with the diagnose BCECTS, 9 boys and 3 girls between the ages of 5,5 and 13,5 years, were examined. An extensive battery of neuropsychological tests were administered. The results indicates normal cognitive functioning as compared to the normal population, with one exception; an aspect of attention. But the results also indicate several negatively effected performances when compared to the cognitive g-factor of each child.

In the essay, the balance between being an educator and a mother of a child with autism is explored in respect to how the roles might influence the actions of a pre-school teacher. Writing is used as a method of reflection, it gives the teacher a chance to take a step back and view her practical experiences from a novel perspective; conclusions are recounted throughout the teachers narrative. The essay is based on the following questions; which problems might arise in the meeting with parents such as Adams where there is a suspicion of autism for the child? Which advantages/disadvantages might the teacher?s personal experience of autism have for the role as educator? How would the dual roles as educator and mother of an autistic child best be balanced in the future?The essay highlights special educational and parent perspectives on the matter of autism. Professor of pedagogy Claes Nilholm, specializes in special needs education.

Abstract Children with neuropsychiatric disorders often require special arrangements from the society. These measures could target the child itself, its parents, or other parts of the social network surrounding the child. Parents of children with neuropsychiatric disorders are often deeply engaged both in their child and in these measures.Three parents of children with neuropsychiatric disorders, and four counselors in different habilitation centers, were interviewed. The purpose of this qualitative interview study was to describe the methods with which the counselors worked to support parents of children with neuropsychiatric disorders, and to understand how the parents experienced this support offered by the counselors.The qualitative interviews with counselors and parents followed a thematic interview guide. A structured interview form was used.

This study aims to explore parents and treatment personnels experiences of the Marte meo methodat a family treatment home. Three retrospective interviews were made with parents whoexperienced Marte meo treatment, as well as four interviews with treatment personnel. The purposeof the Marte meo method is to develop the interaction between parent and child. Previous resultsfrom studies show that treatment with the Marte meo method could provide positive effects to theparent child relationship. The results in this study have been analyzed by using parts of attachmenttheory, the salutogenic perspective and the term intersubjectivity.

Förskola och skola kan upptäcka om ett barn far illa och anmäler till socialtjänsten som utreder fallet. Studiens syfte var att med kvalitativ metod i form av intervjuer undersöka hur samarbetet mellan dessa instanser upplevs, samt vilka möjligheter och hinder som upplevs för att hjälpa barnet. Tio personer från de olika instanserna intervjuades. Studien visade att (1) möjligheter finns att hjälpa familjerna, (2) det är svårt då föräldrar inte samarbetar samt då samarbetet mellan förskola, skola och socialtjänst begränsas genom socialtjänstens tystnadsplikt och (3) samarbetet mellan instanserna är bra men kan förbättras med mer insikt i varandras arbete. Det framkom att ett behov av bättre samarbete behöver utvecklas.

The aim of this study was to capture preschool-teachers thoughts and experience basing on the obligation. Are there any policies and procedures for preschool-teachers to use when suspicion that a child is being abused occur. Are there some factors that may affect preschool-teachers to report to the social service? How does the preschool-teacher find the contact with the Social Service? I conducted four interviews with four preschool-teachers, two of these preschool teachers are employed at the same municipal preschool and the other two are employed at two other preschools. The interviews were semi-structured and were conducted at each individual?s workplace.

The purpose of this study was to describe and analyse the living situation of children who practiced Muay thai at two different Muay thai schools in Thailand. The metod I chose was participation studies with the compliment of open interviews. My main questions were to see if and how the children were affected physically and mentally by the training and possible matches. I also wanted to see if Muay thai practiced by children could be considered child labour, reasons why the children did Muay thai and what opportunities Muay thai gave the children in other parts of their lives.My conclusions were that the training gave the children an overall god physical status, and did not affect the children in any direct negative physical way. Mentally the main affect on the children in training were the stress of not being allowed to eat before matches.

Adoptive parents need to be able to reflect on the interaction with the child, both from the perspective of their own relational experience with the child and from the perspective of the previous experience of the child. This essay explores five adoptive parent´s thoughts and feelings about their children?s background. It also looks into how they think that the children?s background influences their way of expressing their needs and how this makes the parents feel.