Att vara förälder till ett barn med cancer innebär sårbarhet, det är en traumatisk situation och en påfrestande tid. De förlorar oftast kontrollen över sin livssituation. För att kunna anpassa sig och hantera situationen använder de sig av olika copingstrategier. Syfte: Syftet med den här studien var att undersöka förhållandet mellan coping och anpassning hos föräldrar till cancerdrabbade barn och beskriva copingstrategier som var relaterade till bättre och sämre anpassning. Metodbeskrivning: Litteratursammanställning av kvantitativa empiriska studier publicerade efter år 1997.

Syftet med denna systematiska litteraturstudie var att beskriva patienters upplevelse av livskvalitet samt sjuksköterskans omvårdnadsåtgärder i samband med cytostatikabehandling vid cancersjukdom. För att besvara studiens syfte har sökning efter artiklar (n=17) genomförts i databaserna Blackwell Synergy samt Elin@Dalarna. Följande sökord har använts i olika kombinationer; cancer, patients, experience, nurse care, quality of life, scale, instrument, chemotherapy och care. Resultatet visade att cytostatikabehandlingen hade både positiv och negativ inverkan på patienternas livskvalitet. Livskvaliteten ökade då symtom lindrades.

The purpose of this essay was to enhance the understanding and knowledge about phenomenon access support. Access support means that a third person (contact person) must be present during access visits between a child and its parent, if it is necessary for the child?s security or because the child needs support. The study was based on qualitative interviews with four contact persons and two professional social workers, whose main task have been to support and, partially, coordinate the work of contact persons. During the interviews I put the focus on participant?s experiences and thoughts about the phenomenon access support.

Cancersmärta orsakar ofta mycket lidande för den drabbade. WHO (World Health Organisation) bedömer att hela 10 % av de patienter som lider av Cancer idag upplever att de ej får en tillräcklig smärtlindring. Det är av stor vikt att alternativa behandlingsformer integreras med den traditionella skolmedicinen (den sedvanliga vården som ges i dag), för att på så sätt ge ett komplement till de patienter som inte erhåller tillräckligt god smärtlindring. Syftet var att undersöka vilken effekt massagen har på smärtpåverkade patienter med cancer, samt vilka instrument som använts för att mäta dessa effekter. En litteraturstudie gjordes där sju vetenskapliga artiklar med kvantitativ ansats användes.

Society has an obligation to offer parents support of various types, an example of such a support is ?parent support?. The purpose of this study has been to describe midwives and child health care nurses conceptions of the need for early parent support. The definition of early parent support in this study is the first two weeks after delivery. Since the 1970:ies the Swedish delivery and ?BB? care has changed in that the time in hospital care after delivery has been reduced from in average six days, till an average of two days.

The purpose of this study was to investigate how directors of preschool apply the mandatory reporting and what information they say is important in the decision to report child maltreat-ment. The study was built on five semi-structure interviews with five directors of preschool working in Greater Stockholm. The perspective of this paper is sociology of law theory. This means to study how out of law information makes sense when director of preschool applies the mandatory reporting. The result was analysed with three different analytic tools: action plan, consulting social services and the considerations of the directors of preschool them-selves.

The overall aim was to examine how the public interest to protect children from violence and sexual abuse at home, is realized by social workers. The study´s central focus was the risk assessments as Social services are obliged to do when they receive a report containing concern that children are being exposed to violence or sexual abuse at home. The study addresses the following questions:o How do social workers go about practically, and what support and knowledge is being used to determine whether the Social services need to intervene for the protection of a child?o What risk and protective factors are taken into account by social workers in the assessment process?o What contextual factors do social workers experience are affecting them in the assessment process?o Which support does the documentation system BBIC provide in the assessment process?The study material was collected through qualitative group interviews, with a modified vignette methodology as tools. The study included a total of twelve social workers, with varying numbers in each interview group.

The aim of this study is to describe and examine the characteristics of inclusion of children with disabilities in the kinder garden and primary school in Belarus. The data in this study were collected through interviews with special teachers and staff at the Developing and Rehabilitation center. The interviews were supported by child-observations and a literature study. Staying in boarding schools prevents handicap students from integrating with the society as well as getting social experience. Integrated education demands the combination of two regularities: education of children with normal development and special education of children with psycho-physiological problems.

Bakgrund: Cancer är en allvarlig och ibland livshotande sjukdom som kan innebära ett stort lidande för den drabbade. Lidandet kan vara såväl fysiskt, psykiskt, socialt som andligt/existentiellt. Vanliga fysiska och psykiska symptom vid cancersjukdom kan vara smärta, illamående, ångest, nedstämdhet/depression, samt sömnsvårigheter. Massage och beröring tillhör de alternativa och komplementära behandlingsmetoder som användes inom omvårdnad för att trösta, lugna och ge lindring åt patienter med svåra sjukdomstillstånd. Massage- och beröringstekniker användes inom flera olika områden t.ex.

Dysfunktionella traumarelaterade kognitioner ?r avg?rande f?r utvecklingen av posttraumatiskt stressyndrom (PTSD). Child Post-Traumatic Cognitions Inventory ?r ett sj?lvskattningsformul?r som m?ter f?rekomsten av posttraumatiska kognitioner hos barn och finns i tv? versioner. CPTCI-25 best?r av 25 p?st?enden och CPTCI-10 best?r av 10 p?st?enden.

Vectors based on lentivirus backbones have revolutionized our ability to transfer genesinto many cell types. Lentiviral vectors integrate into the chromatin of target cells and do not transfer any viral genes causing vector replication. Both of these features arecommonly used in gene therapy and have been used clinically in individuals sufferingfrom cancer, infections and genetic diseases. It has been discovered that T-cells can be genetically modified to be used as effective weapons against cancer: therefore virus mustbe produced to deliver the gene of interest into the T-cells. In this project, lentiviralvectors have been produced to transfer the gene coding for a chimeric antigen receptor(CAR) which is directed to CD19 on B-cells.

Featured adjuvant chemotherapy treatment in women with breast cancer can lead to pain. The aim of this study was to explore, the variety of perceptions and impact of adjuvantchemotherapy-induced pain in daily life, of some women newly diagnosed with breast cancer.Inclusion criteria were participating in an ongoing stress management projectand chemotherapy of (anthracycline/taxan) in doses of 75mg² or more. Exclusioncriteria were inability to understand and communicate in Swedish and mentalillness. After ethical approval of the sub study in September 2010, women wereconsecutively included through oral and written request. Phenomenologicalapproach was used in the eight interviews and data analysis.

Syftet med litteraturstudien var att genom litteraturen redogöra för cancersjuka ungdomars livskvalitet och hur de hanterar sin sjukdom. Denna studie är en beskrivande litteraturstudie där författarna sökte vetenskapliga artiklar på Medline, Cinahl, SweMed+ och PsykInfo. I resultatet redovisas femton artiklar. Resultatet visade att socialt stöd i form av föräldrar och en speciell vän visade ha stor betydelse för ungdomarnas välmående. Ungdomarna beskrev också att det kändes bra att prata med andra ungdomar i samma situation.

BakgrundUngdomsåren innebär en övergångsperiod i livet då barndomen fullbordas och livet som vuxen påbörjas. Denna tid kan vara mycket omvälvande till följd av den psykologiska och biologiska utvecklingen som sker. Att under ungdomsåren samtidigt leva med en cancersjukdom kan innebära stora påfrestningar och resulterar inte sällan i mycket stress och ångest. Isolering från vänner, förlorad självständighet och kroppsliga förändringar är exempel på faktorer som ungdomarna med cancer upplever som stressande och ångestfyllt. För att försöka minska dessa negativa känslor använder sig ungdomarna av olika copingstrategier.SyfteSyftet med studien var att beskriva copingstrategier hos ungdomar med cancer.MetodFör att besvara studiens syfte valdes forskningsmetoden litteraturstudie.

AbstractThis report aims, through interviews, observations and literature review to examine what some of the youngest children know about the heart, blood and bloodstream. The sample size was twenty children, half of them are at the age of three and the other half is at the age of six.The interviews showed that children at the age of six had better knowledge than children at the age of three, but one child knew that we have the blood corpuscle in the body. He was also the only one who mentioned the blood corpuscle of all children who participated in the research. Children at the age of three could not see the functional relationship between the blood and heart. One child who was six years told that the air we breathe goes directly in the heart from where the blood is circulating to the rest of the body, together with the food.Keywords: heart, blood, bloodstream, the body.