Syftet men denna systematiska litteraturstudie har varit att beskriva vilka komplikationer, som kunde leda till malnutrition hos cancerpatienter när de genomgått cytostatikabehandling. Studien syftar även till att beskriva vilka omvårdnadsåtgärder sjuksköterskan kunde vidta för att förebygga och lindra dessa komplikationer hos patienter med cancer. Artikelsökningen har skett via databaserna Elin@Dalarna, Blackwell Synergy och ScienceDirect (Elsevier). Sökorden som användes var cancer, constipation, fatigue, malnutrition, nutrition, nursing, pain, support, treatment, chemotherapy, side-effects, prevention, oral, complication, nausea, nutritional support, weight loss, BMR, oncology och care. Resultatet visade att komplikationerna som cancerpatienterna kunde drabbas av var fatigue, diareér, kräkningar, såriga slemhinnor och illamående.

Bakgrund: Gynekologisk cancer är ett utbrett spektrum av cancersjukdomar bland kvinnor och behandlingarna har betydelse för upplevelsen av den sexuella hälsan. Den sexuella hälsan är viktig för människans totala upplevelse av hälsa. Om den sexuella hälsan upplevs otillfredsställande kan ett lidande uppstå. Syfte: Syftet är att beskriva kvinnors upplevelse av sexuell hälsa vid gynekologisk cancer. Metod: En litteraturöversikt över tolv kvalitativa artiklar har genomförts.

The aim of this study is to investigate how Swedish elementary school teachers proceed in cases of suspected child abuse, what knowledge teachers have in order to identify signs of child abuse and to make a report to social services, and also the obstacles teachers face during a report to social services. We used qualitative interviews with five practicing teachers; three was conducted at the teachers´ workplaces and the other two with the help of telephones. We used the role theory to analyze our results. We have concluded that teachers request more knowledge of signs of maltreatment and that they find their skills in discovering child abuse lacking. As obstacles to reporting, teachers identify their doubts and worries together with the difficulties that the often concealed child abuse brings.

I vården möter sjuksköterskorpalliativa patientermed cancer i stor utsträckning. Cancer är en utav världens vanligaste sjukdomar vilkenmedför stort lidande och dödlighet. Syftet med studien var att beskrivahur palliativ omvårdnad kan främja välbefinnandethospatienter med cancer.Metoden som användes var en litteraturstudie där 11 artiklar valdes ut och granskades. I resultatet framkom fem teman; Vikten av kunskap inom palliativ omvårdnad, Omvårdnadsåtgärder för ökat fysiskt välbefinnande, Omvårdnadsåtgärder för ökat psykiskt välbefinnande, Vårdrelationen mellan patient och sjuksköterska samtVikten av sociala relationer för ökat välbefinnande.I studien av dessa teman framkom viktiga faktorer som syftar till att främja patientens fysiska, psykiska, existentiella, spirituella och sociala välbefinnande. Dessa faktorer är: symtomlindring, goda relationer mellan sjuksköterskor-patienter, sjuksköterskor-närstående samt patienter-närstående, hantering av existentiella och spirituella problem, sjuksköterskors kunskap om cancer och palliativ omvårdnad, sjuksköterskorsstöd till patienteroch närstående samt att sjuksköterskor har ett holistiskt förhållningssätt..

AbstractMany of the refugees around the world today are children. Some of these children are travelling alone without anyone looking after them. These children flee from their countries to save their lives and as they are children they need special care and protection. This thesis has investigated the protection given to unaccompanied children during the asylum process in the two key instruments in the area: the Convention of the Rights of the Child and the Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees. The Refugee Convention does not contain any procedural rights and does not specifically acknowledge children, even though they are included in the scope of the Convention.

Childhood as a social category is under strucural redefinition. In this thesis the child and childhood are understood as socially constructed phenomenons. Focus is laid upon the construction of the concept ?in the best interest of the child? wich in The UN Convention on the Rights of the Child is defined as beeing the foremost important view to take into account when decisions wich affect children are made. As the thesis shows, a concrete and universall view of the best interest of the child is lacking in practice and would in many cases be unfortunate.

This is a qualitative study about child poverty within the school environment. The purpose is to examine how financial resources can affect the social standings of teenagers and how that affects them in school; how the school system view and work with child poverty as well as how they act within the legal framework that requires the school to be free of charge. This was done through analyzing earlier research and conducting five interviews with personnel at three schools for children ages 13-15. Our results show that social standing can be affected by a lack of financial resources, partially due to not having certain mobile phones or brand clothing, partially because they cannot afford to join in on social activities. Furthermore, teenagers view child poverty as shameful and a risk factor for social exclusion.

The aim of this study was to describe how the best interest of the child can be constructed in investigations concerning permission for international adopt, where adequate parenthood is investigated. Qualitative research interviews were used as method. Seven investigators from six different sections of the city of Stockholm were interviewed. The information was analysed on the basis of a sociological approach to law and social constructionism.The result showed that adequate parenthood is a condition in the interest of the child. Adequate parenthood is specified as the parent?s qualities and possibility to care for an adopted child.

AbstractMany of the refugees around the world today are children. Some of these children are travelling alone without anyone looking after them. These children flee from their countries to save their lives and as they are children they need special care and protection. This thesis has investigated the protection given to unaccompanied children during the asylum process in the two key instruments in the area: the Convention of the Rights of the Child and the Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees. The Refugee Convention does not contain any procedural rights and does not specifically acknowledge children, even though they are included in the scope of the Convention.

Problemformulering: Varje år avlider ett stort antal personer till följt av en cancerdiagnos. Patienter med en obotlig cancer vårdas palliativt och målet med den palliativavården är att uppnå bästa möjliga livskvalitet. Upplevelser så som rädslor och ångest är vanliga problem och har en speciell innebörd för varje patient. Det är därför betydelsefullt att belysa upplevelser av att stå inför döden för att ökaförståelsen och kunskapen hos sjuksköterskor.Syftet: var att belysa upplevelser av att stå inför döden hos patienter med cancer iden palliativa fasen. Metod: En litteraturstudie som utgörs av 12 vetenskapliga artiklar med kvalitativ ochkvantitativ ansats.Resultat och konklusion: Resultatet visar att existentiella upplevelser, upplevelsen av ångest och oro, förlust, hopp samt acceptans infann sig hos merparten av patienterna som stod inför döden.Implikation: Patienternas upplevelser vid livets slut är varierande och är viktiga att uppmärksammaav sjuksköterskor för att tillgodose patienternas behov. Utbildning och ytterligare forskning utifrån ett patientperspektiv krävs för att optimera denpalliativa vården för patienter med obotlig cancer..

The aim of this study is to through six interviews, with six experienced, social workers?, in three cities, understand how the child?s position in the Swedish child protective services? enquiries has change, and the factors behind it. The aim is also to compare if the social workers? view of the child?s position in the enquire has change accordingly to Socialstyrelsens intentions of BBIC. The theoretical approaches that was used is the new institutionalism, the Shier?s pathways to participation and the term discretion.

The aim with my work was to gain a deeper understanding of some adult adopted children?s experiences and reflections about which role parent ship plays for the adopted child?s development of identity. Following questions have been in focus: What does a working parent ship imply, seen from the perspective of adopted child? In which way can the development of identity for the adopted child be supported by a functional parent ship? Semi-structured interviews were carried out with the two following themes: Support and confirmation. The sample consisted of five foreign-adopted between the age of 18 and 37 years.

The purpose of this essay is to explore how I can meet children with different kinds of attention deficit disorders. What can I do when the child kicks me and makes me cry? How can I handle it right so that the child and I can feel good? In my text I am writing about how I can prioritize my way when I am angry. I wonder how to prioritize my feelings and feel safe with the other person. I am developing these questions in my text.

Bakgrund: Cancersjukdomar är vanligt förekommande i Sverige idag och både diagnos och behandling skapar oro hos patienter och anhöriga. Patienter som fått besked om en cancerdiagnos hamnar ofta i kris och är i stort behov av stöd och uppmuntran under sin sjukdomstid. Sjuksköterskan har en viktig uppgift i att hjälpa patienten hantera sin nya situation. Syfte: Syftet med studien var att ta reda på vilka känslomässiga behov patienter med cancer har, samt hur de upplever relationen till sjuksköterskan. Metod: Metoden som användes var en litteraturstudie.

The purpose of this essay was to study whether the UN convention on the Rights of the child is implemented in the Swedish executory authority, in cases that include compulsory auction of property belonging to families with children, in the southern area of Sweden. I have especially focused on questions concerning whether civil servants work with child consequence analyses, whether they have been offered education in child competence at work, to what extent they have listened to and taken into account the child's own voice in the execution process, and finally to what extent civil servants have had contact with the social welfare committee.The study was based on qualitative telephone interviews with seven civil servants working with cases that comprise compulsory auction of property belonging to families with children.The conclusions of my study are that there exists no specific child perspective regarding the UN convention on the Rights of the child in the civil servants work regarding compulsory auction of property belonging to families with children. Neither do they work with child consequence analyses nor do they listen to what the child has to say in the execution process. The civil servants have not been offered any kind of education concerning child competence. Regarding contacts with the social welfare committee, the result shows that this is, in general, not based on systematic procedures..