The Court of Justice of the European Union has progressively revised the rule of purely internal situations to ensure a wider scope of application of the economic freedoms as well as the EU citizenship right to move and reside freely within the Union. This development, combined with the increasing importance of fundamental rights, has strengthened the family life protection of those EU citizens who come within the scope of EU law. The limit between the individuals who may benefit from a EU right to family reunification and fundamental rights protection and those who find themselves in purely internal situations has, however, become more legally uncertain. The disadvantage suffered by those who fall outside the scope of EU law is known as reverse discrimination.The 2011 case Zambrano confirmed the trend towards an increasingly generous EU law protection of family life in cases where the exercise of freedom of movement and enjoyment of EU citizenship rights is potentially restricted by a Member State measure. By contrast, in the subsequent McCarthy- case, it became clear that families in purely internal situations may only rely on national immigration and procedural law to obtain family reunification and protection of their fundamental rights.

Denna studie syftar till att, utifrån ett personal- och brukarperspektiv, undersöka vilka yttre och inre maktaspekter som kommer till uttryck och påverkar CM-teamets arbete samt hur dessa maktaspekter tar sig i uttryck i relations- och motivationsarbetet. CM-teamet är en verksamhet som arbetar för att samordna insatser från kommun och landsting för de individer som har ett vårdbehov för sitt missbruk och sin psykiska problematik och som faller mellan stolarna. Denna studie är baserad på en kvalitativ metod där materialet analyserades med hjälp av meningskoncentrering. Vi har gjort intervjuer med såväl personal som brukare på CM-teamet för att belysa två perspektiv av verksamhetens arbete. Resultatet visar på att de yttre maktaspekterna dels påverkar och begränsar CM-teamets arbete men även påverkar de inre maktaspekterna vilket tar sig uttryck i paternalism från personalens sida.

The characteristics of free movement is the elimination of obstacles to trade between Member States and thus by such, create free movement within the entire union. Therefore art 34 in the Treaty of Lisabon (FEUF) states that all quantative restrictions on imports and measures of equivalent effect are prohibited. The legal approach to measures having equivalent effect is still unclear and the purpose of this paper is therefore to propose a solution to that particular problem. What can be said when it comes to this rule is that the EU-Court has gone from applying a discrimination test to a market access doctrine.According to the Court´s case law, measures having equivalent effects to quantative restrictions are ?All trading rules enacted by Member States which are capable of hindering, directly or indirectly, actually or potentially, intra-community trade?.  The question of how to apply the test when it comes to a potential hinder to intra-community trade is still unclear.

This study examines a case of cooperation between banks, commerce, police and the municipality of Skövde, which in a project has the target to reduce the use of cash by 15 % in the city during 2011. The purpose of this study is to increase the understanding of the importance of cooperation in which different actors come together to reach a common goal, such as speed or interfere with an ongoing change, while they must meet their own interests. In this study the case of cooperation has been studied by using a qualitative approach. The methods used in this study are participant observation and a group interview as well as personal interviews. The theories underlying the study revolve around the concepts of collaboration between organizations with similar interests, changes in society, conflict and resistance to change..

In visual programming the developer specifies her code, using visual tools. Within the range of visual programming languages lay icon-based languages, form-based languages, and diagram languages.Mediator is a multimedia authoring tool that allows the user to create interactive CD-ROM presentations, dynamic HTML pages and Flash projects, without any coding or scripting. The user can create interactivity in her project, using event driven and icon-based visual programming, through a ?drag and drop? user interface. This report intends to determine some of the qualifications of a tool of this kind, as well as its limitations.The report is based on a case study, in which a smaller software application was to be updated using Mediator 9.

Websites are often developed by small businesses, organizations or individuals which may lead to that the testing gets left behind; the focus is on getting a finished product that can be deployed as quickly and as cheaply as possible.Functional testing is important also for websites and a variety of aids exist. With the right tools and methods the development work is facilitated, and it leads to products with fewer faults.This report shows in the form of a case study how an appropriate tool for functional testing can be selected and how it can be used within development of a website. An analysis of the tools available is reported and JSystem is selected as the most appropriate for this case.It turned out that JSystem could not be used fully as intended in terms of deployment, but a well-functioning alternative solution was developed.A number of test cases were created without any unsolvable problems and JSystem performed well. In JSystem test cases in Java are created in Java, which gives a high flexibility..

Child poverty in Sweden is a widespread phenomenon and occurs in diverse spheres in society; at home, in school and in leisure activities. Therefore more professions than just traditional social workers meet this phenomenon in varied areas which creates different comprehensions and abilities to handle the issue among various professions.This study aims to investigate the collaboration between different professions in relation to child poverty in a municipality in Sweden. Represented professions are social workers, teachers, welfare officer, recreation instructor and leaders, special assistant and municipality coordinator. In total eleven persons were interviewed.The results illustrate a good will among the professions to collaborate to improve negative consequences of child poverty. Traditional boundaries between professions are limited since every profession is needed in this collaboration and have the opportunity to use their professional knowledge in a certain field.

In this composition, a study of consignment inventory on basis of the factors which are important for implementation and application of consignment inventory are made. Logistics chain from subcontractor to end customer is becoming more complex when the volume of items constantly increases to satisfy the needs of the market. From that perspective, companies had large inventories but today it is a lot of different solutions to streamline inventory management. One way that recently becomes increasingly common is to let the subcontractor fill up the customers stock using different approaches such as VMI (Vendor Managed Inventory). A further step in the evolution can be to make use of consignment inventory where the vendor owns the stock of the customer.

This is an essay about journalism and the ethical norms of journalism. Four famous cases have been analyzed; Watergate, News of the World, Joy Rahman and Bill Clinton. When analyzing we used the theories of Denis McQuail and the ethical guidelines of the Swedish Journalist Association. We have also used the ideas of utilitarianism to analyze the chosen cases.We aimed to analyze the roles of the journalists involved and found that the ethical norms are customizable to each and every case. In the Watergate-case the journalists act somewhat in contrast to the ethical guidelines but do so in order to favor the public, which makes it approvable.

Situationer där polisen skjuter kan uppstå till följd av att gärningsmän uppvisar provokativa suicidbeteenden. Detta fenomen är känt som suicide by cop (SbC) och har visat sig utgöra en betydande andel av undersökta skjuthändelser i Nordamerika. Studien syftar till att ge en deskriptiv bild av SbC i Sverige utifrån förekomst och karakteristika gällande situationer och gärningsmän, samt att beskriva hur dessa händelser kan upplevas och hanteras av poliser. Skjuthändelser som inträffat under tidsperioden 2005-2009 granskades och intervjuer genomfördes med tio poliser som upplevt SbC-händelser. Resultatet visade att SbC svarade för 26 % av skjuthändelserna.

The purpose of the study is to highlight the issue of student loans securitization, and assure the importance and benefits that could be realized by performing such a transaction. The methodology is a case study for The National Board of Student Aid. It is a qualitative study, mainly using interviews, literature and scientific articles. By using this information we construct a securitization transaction structure ?CSN 2006-1?, and conduct a cost/benefit analysis.

The purpose of this study is to highlight the maritime students' views on and visions for their future career. The results will be used by maritime academies, ship owners and unions to develop their activities in the desired direction and work together for a well-functioning labour market in shipping in the future. To determine the students? views and visions, interviews were conducted with graduating students at the maritime academies in Sweden. The results show that the reduced Swedish merchant fleet worries students, but that the majority is positive about finding a job after graduation.

The aim of this work was to investigate how it is to move in hierarchy from crew toofficer within the seafaring profession and how to be affected by this. How you areperceived by the crew when going from to represent a part of a system to represent adifferent part of the same system and if you are ready to assume the responsibilities of thenew role entails?This is relevant and interesting as we will soon is facing at this transition. The work isbased on a qualitative approach. The choice of this method gave the information neededfor a perfect result.Interviews were conducted through personal meetings with active officers which alsoprovided the opportunity to ask follow-up questions and the respondents were given theopportunity to share their experiences.