The last decade has created an increasing pressure on companies to decrease their impact on the environment and to increase their effectiveness of recycling the company?s resources, especially for the steel industry. Companies have also started to realize the economic aspects of an effective internal reverse logistics. In the past the value of an effective internal reverse logistic was something that companies tend to underestimate and there are few academic studies done in this area. The purpose of this essay has been to identify key factors to create an effective in plant storage, transport, sorting and handling of returned steel. From these factors a generalized model for creating an effective return steel flow will be developed.

Det vanligaste ekonomiska styrmedlet är budgetering, budgetering används i alla branscher oavsett hur stor den externa osäkerheten är. Den här studien behandlar och granskar hur budgeteringsarbetet ser ut i organisationer som verkar i en osäker miljö, där vårt fokus riktas mot hockeyklubbarna i de två högsta hockeyligorna i Sverige.Syftet med uppsatsen är att förklara hur organisationerna i de två högsta hockeyligorna i Sverige arbetar med budgetering. I syftet ingår även att redogöra för hur organisationerna hanterar extern osäkerhet. I den teoretiska referensramen presenteras de olika definitioner och tidigare forskning som finns inom budget, budgetering samt osäkerhetsfaktorer. I studien har använts en kvalitativ metod med verktygen; personlig intervju, mejlintervju samt dokumentinsamling.

AbstractWork to develop the Eurocodes started in 1975 by the European Commission adopted a program to eliminate trade barriers within the construction area. The goal was to create common European design standards that would replace the member countries' own rules. Eurocodes will replace The National Board of Housing Building and Planning, National Rail, The National Road Administration and other agencies' calculation rules for the buildings structures. The transition to the use of Eurocodes looks like this:Eurocodes set to Swedish standards  between 2002 ? 2007They can be used parallel with national standards 2006 - 2009 The total transition is at the end of 2010/2011.Right now is going on a lot of work for replacement of the existing standards to Eurocodes.  The transition to the new calculations` standards, many construction companies and consulting firms facing a big changes and competitions.

Avsikten med denna uppsats är att få en förstålelse för varför barn utvecklar för psykisk ohälsa. Fokus kommer att ligga på familjens situation, socialt och ekonomiskt. En annan fråga som kommer att diskuteras är huruvida barns sociala relationer utanför hemmet påverkar den psykiska hälsan. Genom relevanta sociologiska och psyklogiska teorier har jag försökt att analysera, problematisera och förstå vad det är som bidrar till att psykisk ohälsa drabbar barn. För att få en tillförlitlig undersökning använder jag mig av kvantitativa metoder, där jag tagit del av en levnadsnivåundersökning Barn 2000, där 692 barn har fått besvara frågeformulär som visar hur deras psykiska hälsa ser ut.

The thesis examined whether there is a distinct boundary between art and advertising. The collected data showed how art and advertising are linked to each other and also differ from each other, in particular through the latter half of the 1900?s. What was happening in society came to have great impact on what happened in art and advertising. In postwar Germany, capitalism realism evolved from the German pop art where the art was removed from the art gallery and placed on the streets where the people were, in an era that was characterized by a gap between the rich and the poor.

Uppsatsen behandlar böckerna och filmerna om Arn och undersöker genom berättelserna vilka representationer av makt, positivt kapital och livsmål som gestaltas. Uppsatsen baseras på den teoretiska tanken att populärkultur innehåller representationer med budskap, värderingar, normer och föreställningar gällande vår verklighet och därigenom påverkar vår uppfattning om världen, vår plats i samhället, vår identitet och vår uppfattning om vad som är värdefullt, viktigt och sant..

Avsikten med denna studie är att undersöka vilka motiv, påverkande faktorer och synsätt små IT-företag har när de väljer att ta in riskkapital som finansiering. Vi har utgått från tidigare forskning inom området för att identifiera vilka motiv och påverkande faktorer som kan förekomma och utifrån dessa byggt upp grunden för vår studie. Kapitaltillskott är det som naturligt känns som det mest primära motivet, vilket även vår studie har visat men det finns ändå en önskan om annan värdetillförsel i form av affärskompetens, nätverk och kontakter. Dessa önskemål har dock inte varit några huvudsakliga motiv för att inleda samarbete med riskkapitalisterna utan de kan mer ses som positiva sekundära motiv. Motiven kapitaltillskott och tillförsel av affärskompetens samt nätverk och kontakter blir i sin tur påverkade av ett antal faktorer såsom företagets och produktens livscykelfas, ägande och kontroll, produkt och marknad samt ledningens erfarenhet och kompetens.

Medias rapporter om nedskärningar i välfärd och service, inte minst på Sveriges landsbygd, kommer allt tätare. Allt fler bygder väljer nu att ta aktiv del i att kompensera för dessa och gjuta nytt liv i bygden, bland annat genom att starta lokala utvecklingsbolag i en ny form av aktiebolag med särskild vinstutdelningsbegränsning (svb). I denna kandidatuppsats inom ämnet landsbygdsutveckling undersöker jag utvecklingsbolagens lokala roll och hur de kan förstås i förhållande till det senmoderna samhället. Frågan har undersökts genom en kvalitativ intervjustudie i sörmländska Stavsjö där engagerade bildat bolaget ?Kiladalens utveckling? och genom mitt deltagande i en nationell träff för så kallade svb-bolag.

There are no general working processes that can stand for how all the investment process is preceded in the organization of major Swedish banks. It is not a question of investment process but rather a question of, investment processes. How these investment processes operates depends totally on the type and size of the current investment, which unit that is operating the processes and what situation the bank currently finds itself in. There is a written form that describes how the different processes should be operated and which capital budget models that should be used but the usage of these forms can be questioned.

The guest harbor on Utö, Utö Gästhamn, is currently using electricity for heating all of the water used in the showers and taps. Because of the large amount of visitors, especially during the summer months, the hot water usage gets very high and that is also the case for the electrical bills. During the year of 2011 the cost of electricity for Utö Gästhamn reached a total of 257 500 kr. Out of these 257 500 kr approximately 142 000 kr, 55 % of the total cost, were because of the water heating.The report is the result of a cooperation with Skärgårdsstiftelsen, the Green Islands-project and Utö Gästhamn where the mutual goal is to dimension a solar energy system, to promote the sustainable development.Initially the different techniques for the solar energy system are researched. The techniques are plane solar collectors, evacuated tube collectors, pool collectors and photovoltaic cells.

This study is about how teachers of history at different upper secondary schools in Uppsala think and talk about the role language plays in the classroom and in education in general. In order to find this out, interviews were carried out with five teachers of history at four different upper secondary schools in Uppsala. This study has an analysis of the statements by and interviews with the teachers in a wide context by using a previous study carried out in Uppsala, which categorizes the upper secondary schools of Uppsala into a social field based upon what assets their students have. These assets are estimated by using Bourdieu?s theory of symbolic, social and cultural capital.

The main purpose of this essay is to investigate professional artists experience of the need and use of information in their creative work. I have collected the material through qualitative interviews with four professional artist working with different materials and techniques. One of the results of the study is that the artists first of all used information as a source of inspiration in their creative work. They gathered their information from various scources, for example; pictures, exhibitions, visual arts, books and novells, depending on what project they are working with. Other important information scources were colleges, especially for the technical information need.

The United States is one of few Western nations that administers capital punishment to their condemned criminals. Texas has executed the most inmates of any state in the U.S. This prompted questions about the psychological characteristics of death row inmates. The purpose of this essay is to widen the perspective on inmates serving capital sentences by analyzing their final statements. The focus of this essay was centered on acute anxiety of death among inmates, visible in their final statements, as a result of an accelerated process of dying.

This essay brings up how experienced texture artists in game development can get comfortable in their workflow and therefore not spend time on learning new techniques that in the end could be more efficient. We base this on theories that people often choose the path of least resistance, which in the case of an experienced texture artist would be the path they have learned and are comfortable with. We also talk about the popularity of Photoshop and that many of today?s texture artists in the game industry are using it and that this could be because Photoshop was one of the first programs that could be used well for texturing. Because of this many learned to use it and stuck by it and then taught Photoshop to new texture artists because that is the program that they know.

AbstractWork to develop the Eurocodes started in 1975 by the European Commission adopted a program to eliminate trade barriers within the construction area. The goal was to create common European design standards that would replace the member countries' own rules. Eurocodes will replace The National Board of Housing Building and Planning, National Rail, The National Road Administration and other agencies' calculation rules for the buildings structures. The transition to the use of Eurocodes looks like this:Eurocodes set to Swedish standards  between 2002 ? 2007They can be used parallel with national standards 2006 - 2009 The total transition is at the end of 2010/2011.Right now is going on a lot of work for replacement of the existing standards to Eurocodes.  The transition to the new calculations` standards, many construction companies and consulting firms facing a big changes and competitions.