Företag kan behöva förändra sitt sätt att arbeta av flera olika skäl. Marknaden ställer krav på billigare lösningar med bibehållen kvalitet. Myndigheter ställer krav på större miljö­hänsyn. Syftet med den här uppsatsen är att granska tre olika företags förändringsarbete i samband med att RoHS-direktivet föreskrev att bly inte skall användas vid lödning. Ett företag har helt ställt om sin produktion, ett företag kör blandad produktion och ett av företagen endast en liten produktion med blyfritt eftersom dess kunder omfattas av de undantag som finns i direktivet.

The society strives for sustainable development, in the construction industry it is expressed through sustainable building. Energy and LCC analyzes increases the ability to make conscious decisions in the process. A problem in the construction industry is that energy and LCC analysis is not used to the desired extent, as they are perceived as complicated and time consuming. The report aims to achieve a more sustainable building through increased use of energy and LCC analyzes.The goal is to show how BIM can be used to improve the efficiency of the energy and LCC analyzes.The study was conducted with a literature review and a case study to answer which information that is required in a BIM model to perform energy and LCC analyzes. The study also shows which software can be used in BIM based energy and LCC analyzes and how the analyzes can be carried out efficiently.The result shows that effective analyzes may be performed if the BIM-model contains the relevant information for making analyzes.

It is now increasingly common for organisations to work actively with HR issues. Furthermore, it is a constant top priority for organisations to remain profitable. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether so called soft HR values, as manager?s communication skills, has an actual impact on hard values in terms of costs for the organisation. Leadership is largely characterised by emotional communication, which together with personnel costs were the main focus of the research.

Bakgrund: Sömn är ett mänskligt grundläggande behov och bör därför tillgodoses hos patienter som vårdas på sjukhus. Patienter som vårdas på intensivvårdsavdelningar upplever dock ofta upprepade avbrott på sömnen och sömnbrist vilket kan leda till både fysiska och psykiska negativa konsekvenser. Intensivvårdsmiljön med dess oljud, starka belysning och frekventa vårdrelaterade interaktioner leder ofta till oförmåga hos patienterna att få en adekvat sömn. Syfte: Att belysa olika interventioner sjuksköterskan kan tillämpa för att förbättra sovmiljön och sömnkvaliteten hos patienter som vårdas på en intensivvårdsavdelning. Metod: En litteraturöversikt med grund i analys av kvantitativ forskning.

Minimizing power consumption is a critical part of many embedded design projects. Thechallenge is to limit the power consumption of the system and at the same time providesatisfactory service to the user. With regards to microprocessors, the main way of limiting powerconsumption during program execution is to adjust the frequency and the voltage at which theprocessor operates.To enable the implementation of real-time scheduling with support for dynamic voltage andfrequency scaling, an exhaustive study of the Freescale i.MX31 embedded microprocessor isperformed. Specifically, the power consumption relationship to all relevant frequency andvoltage settings is investigated. In addition, to enable frequency and voltage scaling in a real-timeenvironment, a complete timing analysis of proposed voltage and frequency scaling methods isperformed and their suitability for use in real-time systems is evaluated.To integrate voltage and frequency scaling capability into OSE RTOS, a software module hasbeen developed for this operating system.

Borna disease virus (BDV) is a virus with capability to cause neurological disease in several species of mammals and of ostriches. Also humans are suspected to be susceptible to the virus, as the viral RNA and antibodies against BDV have been found in some humans with psychiatric diseases, like schizophrenia and depression. In Sweden there is a disease called staggering disease in cats, associated to BDV-infection. This disease often has a fatal progress. Definite diagnosis is reached by histo-pathological and immunohistochemical examination of the central nervous system.

Introduction: All women can be subjected to intimate personal violence by theirpartner, but the older woman's vulnerability to violence is not highlighted in research.Consequences of violence can be severe and it is essential from a public healthperspective to explore the issue even for the older woman. Objective: The objective ofthe study was to generate a deeper understanding of the problems of older woman'svulnerability to violence by their spouse / partner. The research questions focused onwhat characterized their situation and how a gender perspective can illuminate theproblem. Method: A structured search for scientific studies was carried out in thedatabases: Pubmed, Cinahl, PsykArticles and Scopus in the area of interest. A qualityassessment of the articles was preformed and 12 qualitative studies were included in thestudy.

De flesta individer pa?verkas dagligen av belo?ningar, motivation och ra?ttvisa i sa?va?l privatlivet som arbetslivet. Uppsatsens syfte har varit att underso?ka hur belo?ningar pa?verkar medarbetares, mellanchefers och ho?gre chefers arbetsmotivation inom en specifik organisation. Syftet har a?ven varit att underso?ka eventuella skillnader mellan olika organisatoriska niva?er och om upplevd ra?ttvisa a?r viktigt fo?r motivationen.Inom omra?det finns en mycket omfattande och variationsrik kunskapsbas.

Orust Kretsloppsakademi is a nonprofit organisation, with a goal of annually generate the same amount of electrical energy that is consumed. Orust is an island on the west coast of Sweden, north of Gothenburg. The population of 15 000 reaches 40 000 during summer, due to the large amount of vacationer. The total electricity demand is 174 GWh a year with a maximum power need of 32 MW. This report presents an analysis for the plausibility of their plan and from a power system stability perspective, the effects on the electrical grid.The conclusion is that the restraints for development of power generation from wind, solar and wave generation, are the power systems capability to transfer power, primarily in the transformers of the grid.

The purpose of this thesis is to describe and analyze how the mining equipment producers on a global market manage to handle the changing conditions concerning customer value. Our approach has been a comparative analysis between two different sites in order to answer the purpose. The case studies at Metso Mining have been made through interviews and visits at two geographical markets, South America and Scandinavia. The theoretical framework applied on our empirical findings is based on Blue Ocean Strategy, Customer Value and Resourced Based View. The empirical foundation is based on interviews with Metso Mining employees at Sorocaba in Brazil and Kiruna/Gällivare, Trelleborg and Staffanstorp in Sweden.

This thesis describes the redesign ofequipment designed for drying bags thatis used in Fresenius Kabis´manufacturing of their nutritionmedicine in Uppsala. The need of thistask arise during the start of thedevelopment of a new packaging line werethis equipment were meant to be used. Anevaluation of the bagdryers capacity andcapability was necessary.The work started with gathering ofinformation from suppliers of the usedcomponents and from the responsibleengineers for this equipment. Aneducation to learn how the equipmentworked and how to operate it were taken.That was followed by the creation of astudy plan were the tests were plannedto test different parameters effect onthe drying result and to see if thebagdryer managed to handle the bags ofthe correct format in the pace that theequipment should be designed for.The test results detected a need ofdesigning a unit with a function thatholds the bags in place while passingthrough the dryer in order to attainhigh quality results. The results werelater used for optimization of thedesign.

Syftet med arbetet är att få en förståelse för moss-sedumtakets bullerdämpande egenskaper. Jag kommer även att försöka förutsäga med hjälp av akustikteori vilken utav de två olika uppbyggnadssystemen av moss-sedumtak som ger den bästa bullerdämpande effekten.Mätningarna kommer att bestå i att registrera ljudtrycksnivån i rummet, vid varje oktavband i frekvensområdet 125-4000 Hz. Först utan moss-sedummattan och sedan med moss-sedum mattan. Storleken på differensen i ljudnivån ger en bild av i vilket frekvensområde som ljudabsorptionen är effektivast. För att ytterliggare öka förståelsen för hur moss-sedum absorberar ljud så kommer även absorptionsfaktorn att beräknas.

We live in a stressful world and a demanding society where the ability to quickly adapt is one of the most important and most difficult challenges of today. A fairly new phenomenon called intranets has evolved to meet this challenge, however many examples of corporative intranets are stories about failures and systems with poor usability. This study focuses on how the user oriented approach to systems design affected upon a system development process of an Intranet, solely developed within a company, and how it impacts on the intranets popularity among the employees in the company. The study starts not from the literature but from a survey, which is based upon the Delphi method. Which results were used for further in-depth research about the subject, by interviewing three representatives from the company.

Svårigheter att kombinera arbete och barn ses som en av de främsta anledningarna till den låga fertiliteten i Sydeuropa. I Skandinavien med välfärdsinstitutioner som ger stöd för föräldrar att kunna kombinera arbete och familjeliv är fertiliteten desto högre. Studier på individnivå har visat samband mellan individers arbetsvillkor och resurser och deras möjligheter att skaffa barn, däremot efterfrågas fler studier som jämför detta samband mellan olika länder med olika institutionellt stöd. I denna studie ligger fokus på sambandet mellan arbetsvillkor och individuella resurser och barnafödandet i Sverige och Spanien, två länder med olika institutionellt stöd för familjebildning, och huruvida dessa samband skiljer sig mellan länderna. Genom att tillämpa Amatya Sen?s capability-perspektiv fördjupas förståelsen för hur den institutionella kontexten tillsammans med individuella livssituationen formar människors olika möjligheter att skaffa barn.

The aim of this study is to examine how young people look at and perceive drugs by studying how they discuss and reason about drugs. The essay's main interest is not whether young people use drugs or not. We are primarily interested in how young people talk about drugs. The questions that we want to get answered are:What are the beliefs that young people have about drugs, drug use and drug users? More specifically we seek answers to which images, symbols and attributes that young people links to drugs, drug use and drug users.What is important in young people's construction of beliefs about drugs and drug users? More specifically, which are the information sources and reference groups that young people assigns significance?We used focus group interviews as the research method.