This master thesis in energy optimization was made during the autumn of 2006 at Käppala wastewater treatment plant in Lidingö, Stockholm. A preceding thesis, where all electricity consumption was mapped, showed that the aeration in the biological treatment is the single largest consumer in the plant, and it is therefore of interest to reduce this cost. The oxygen control strategy used at Käppala WWTP is working well from a nutrient removal point of view, but not from an economic one. The last aerobic zones have a very low oxygen consumption during low loading periods which give rise to enhanced dissolved oxygen concentrations with excessive costs and reduced denitrification as a result. But also during periods of normal loading unnecessary high oxygen concentration are sometimes given.By modifying the aeration control strategy three full-scale experiments have been made, with the intention to reduce the air consumption.

Denna studie berör olika developer zones som idag drivs av företag i Sverige, och om hur dessa är uppbyggda. Den tar upp de problem som dessa företag har stött på, samt vad man ska tänka på vid uppstart och användning av en developer zone.Att låta sin developer zone vara helt öppen eller helt stängd är inte det mest optimala sättet eftersom man i den helt öppna versionen låter sin information vara tillgänglig för allt och alla. Den helt stängda versionen stänger ute kunskap från developer zonen. Genom att sätta upp en developer zone med båda delarna, dvs. en öppen del för utvecklare som intresserade att utveckla innovativa tjänster/produkter och en stängd del för företag som tillsammans med ägaren av developer zonen har ett ekonomiskt intresse, så uppnår man en mer kontrollerad form.

Denna studie berör olika developer zones som idag drivs av företag i Sverige, och om hur dessa är uppbyggda. Den tar upp de problem som dessa företag har stött på, samt vad man ska tänka på vid uppstart och användning av en developer zone.Att låta sin developer zone vara helt öppen eller helt stängd är inte det mest optimala sättet eftersom man i den helt öppna versionen låter sin information vara tillgänglig för allt och alla. Den helt stängda versionen stänger ute kunskap från developer zonen. Genom att sätta upp en developer zone med båda delarna, dvs. en öppen del för utvecklare som intresserade att utveckla innovativa tjänster/produkter och en stängd del för företag som tillsammans med ägaren av developer zonen har ett ekonomiskt intresse, så uppnår man en mer kontrollerad form.

When protection zones for wells are delineated, it is important to acquire good knowledge about possible travel time from different points in the catchment area to the well. Often, simple analytical methods are used for estimating travel times and the assumption is made that the hydraulic conductivity is relatively homogenous within the aquifer. Nevertheless, many aquifers are strongly heterogeneous which may lead to differences between estimates and actual travel times. As a part of the process to develop improved methods for delineating protection zones for groundwater supply wells, a tracer experiment was performed in a glaciofluvial esker formation in Järlåsa. On the basis of the experiment, a numerical flow model was created for the test site.The purpose of this master?s thesis was to apply the flow model to an aquifer where the hydraulic conductivity shows great variability and should be described by a stochastic distribution.

Over the past 40 years 600 000 ha of lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta ssp. latifolia (Engelm.) Critchf.) has been planted in Sweden (280 000 ha on SCA's forest land alone which represents about 15% of the company's total forest land area). In the early 70's SCA situated a number of experimental stands in order to investigate different aspects of the exotic tree, primarily growth rate. To be able to compare the two species plots with scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.), this species was also planted at the same time and under the same conditions. A number of questions should always be raised when exotic species are introduced in an ecosystem. Invasiveness, the pathogen situation and purely ethical issues should be discussed.

No-fly Zones have been used in three recent conflicts. For every intervention the time taken to achieve the end-state has decreased. It took twelve years in Iraq, three years in Bosnia and only nine months in Libya. NATO was part of the intervention in both Bosnia and Libya, facing almost the same size of opponent, but it took them four times longer to achieve the end-state in Bosnia compared to Libya. The purpose of this essay is to analyze this difference in the time taken to achieve the end-state with a structured focused comparison of Bosnia and Libya based on Robert Pape´s theory of coercion with a focus on No-fly Zones. The results show that the mandate can explain the difference. In Libya NATO had the opportunity, due to the mandate, to use pre-emptive strikes, which they did not have in Bosnia.

En sammanfattning av uppsatsen på maximalt 8000 tecken..

Migration is a worldwide phenomenon that has occurred for thousands of years in a vast variety of species. The general knowledge of migrating animals is poor even though billions of animals from a range of different groups migrate every year. The human impact on migrating ungulates is high and many populations are declining globally due to direct and indirect causes. Hence it becomes vital to study the migration phase and the habitat and resources selected during migration. The objective with this study was to identify the habitat characteristics and resource selection of moose during migration and compare the selection between different seasons and utilization distribution (relative frequency distribution for the points of location of an animal over a period of time) categories.

The aim of this thesis was to investigate the possibility of integrating an item tracking systemwith a monitoring system currently under development at Fifth Generation Technologies (P) Ltd.A literature study of RFID technology and the networks ZigBee and MiWi was done. Based onthe literature study a concept for a distributed system was developed.The concept is to have several RFID readers placed in the area where tracking is to be performedand allow them to communicate with each other through wireless communication. The RFIDreaders shall be able to form zones and filter the data that is forwarded from the zones to theservers and thus perform some of the work that the server would normally have to do. Theconcept has been evaluated by prototype development and testing. The prototype uses an ultrahigh frequency RFID reader and a MiWi network.The test indicated some limitations with the selected technologies.

Övergödning, eller eutrofiering, är ett av de största miljöproblemen i Östersjön och orsakas av förhöjda näringshalter i vatten. Eutrofieringen beror till stor del av näringsförluster från åkermark (Bernes, 2005, s. 83). För att sänka näringshalterna i vatten kan ett flertal åtgärder vidtas, till exempel genom att införa odlingsfria skyddszoner utmed vattendrag (Jordbruksverket, 2008). I denna uppsats studeras sådana skyddszoner där det 16 år långa Dyåprojektet i Nynäshamns kommun har använts som fallstudie.

It takes a very long time for ionizing radiation of used nuclear fuel toreturn to a natural background level, for this reason one of the requirements for theselection of the location of a repository was that the environment as well people'shealth would be protected from the harmful effect of radioactivity. This requirementmeans that the waste must be isolated in a geological formation. In Sweden therepository will be built in the crystalline bedrock. The location for the Swedish nuclearfuel repository at nearly 500 meters depth at Forsmark in Östhammar was decided 3June 2009. The repository will be located at Söderviken, close to the Forsmarknuclear power plant in a 1.90 billion year old bedrock that will accommodate 12,000tons of spent nuclear fuel.

I denna uppsats presenterar vi en ny infallsvinkel på hur datatolkning i moderna organisationer bör hanteras, såväl praktiskt som teoretiskt. Studien genomfördes med ett kvalitativt och abduktivt tillvägagångssätt byggt på grounded theory med deltagande observationer och intervjuer med aktörer inom organisationen. Vårt teoretiska ramverk är byggt utifrån Carliles (2002) teorier om semantiska barriärer och påbyggda genom Iveroths (2011) tidigare forskning utifrån common meaning. Således är vårt teoretiska ramverk lämpligt för att tolka hur barriärer som hindrar en synkron datatolkning mellan olika aktörer i organisationer belysts i tidigare litteratur, hur dessa barriärer kan överbryggas samt olika synsätt på kunskapen som ett regelrätt mått.Avsaknad av kunskapskonsensus i organisationer grundar sig i semantiska barriärer för datatolkningen som måste överbryggas med sociala interaktioner. Organisationer går mot kunskapskonsensus genom att utifrån datakällan arbeta med ? i) teknologiskt medierade trading zones men även ii) socialt dimensionerade överbryggningsaktiviteter med målet att skapa kunskapskonsensus mellan och inom aktörsgemenskapen..

It takes a very long time for ionizing radiation of used nuclear fuel toreturn to a natural background level, for this reason one of the requirements for theselection of the location of a repository was that the environment as well people'shealth would be protected from the harmful effect of radioactivity. This requirementmeans that the waste must be isolated in a geological formation. In Sweden therepository will be built in the crystalline bedrock. The location for the Swedish nuclearfuel repository at nearly 500 meters depth at Forsmark in Östhammar was decided 3June 2009. The repository will be located at Söderviken, close to the Forsmarknuclear power plant in a 1.90 billion year old bedrock that will accommodate 12,000tons of spent nuclear fuel.

Interference in an ecosystem means a disturbance. When harvesting, forest roads have to be build to cope with heavy duty vehicles. Crossing brooks can not always be avoided. In this case bridges or culverts have to be built. There are many different kinds of culverts and depending on what type you choose and how you place the culvert, the watercourse and the water organisms can be harmed in different ways.

The Savi?s Warbler (Locustella luscinioides) is a recently established bird species in a few reedy shallow lakes of southern Sweden and has only been found nesting for the last twenty years. Little is known about the species' habitat preferences, breeding biology and demands for specific territory structures at breeding sites in Sweden. Knowledge of a newly established species? habitat requirements is essential to maintain a viable population and design action plans.