Intestinal lymfangiektasi (IL) är en ovanlig gastrointestinal sjukdom som karaktäriseras av patologisk dilatation av tarmens lymfkärl. Sjukdomen drabbar både hundar och människor men behandlingen divergerar inom human- respektive veterinärmedicinen. Etiologin är ännu inte fullständigt belyst. Sannolikt finns ärftliga komponenter och gener essentiella för lymfangiogenes har isolerats. Patogenesen är relativt väl undersökt och behandlingen syftar till att reducera förlusten av plasmaproteiner.

Osteoartrit (OA) är ett mycket vanligt problem hos hästar och har i många fall sitt ursprung från felaktig belastning av leden, blir ofta kroniska och omfattar inflammation i ledens samtliga ingående delar. Resultatet är bland annat nedbrytning av ledbrosk och matrixkomponeneter. Idag baseras diagnostik och framtida prognos mestadels på den kliniska bilden och/eller bilddiagnostiska hjälpmedel. I denna studie har två inflammationsmediatorer; interleukin 1? (IL-1?), high mobility group box protein 1 (HMGB-1), och ett enzym; matrixmetallopeptidas 13 (MMP-13) mätts i ledvätska och serum med hjälp av kommersiell enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)-teknik. Hypotesen är att dessa är förhöjda i ledvätska från leder med konstaterad hälta. Tjugonio ledvätskeprov och 11 serumprov från 11 hästar som sökt till Universitetsdjursjukhuset i Uppsala för hälta analyserades i denna studie.

Aquaponics is a food production system consisting of a consecutive cultivation of plants and aquatic animals, fish or shellfish, in recirculating water. The plants feed on the nutritious effluents from the fish tank and bacteria converts ammonia from the fish tank into nitrate that is absorbed by the plants. The plants receive nutrition and the fish gain purified water. The environmental impact of the production of fish meal and fish oil used in conventional fish feed includes a large consumption of fossil fuels with subsequent carbon dioxide emission. The aquaponic system can be made environmentally sustainable and self-supporting if supplemented with a vermicompost/vermiculture for the production of worm protein as a fish feed. Vegetable waste from the hydroponic part of the system can be reused as worm feed in the compost and the protein rich worms can be harvested, dried and grinded and brought back to the aquaculture as fish feed. As a first step in this direction, I have investigated the effect of recycling of vegetable waste in vermicomposts on the growth and number of earthworms (this was evaluated after harvesting). The hypotheses were that earthworms can be cultivated in the vegetable waste and that by adding manure to the vermicompost it is possible to obtain a nutrient content adequate to support a continuous worm harvest, in other words create a vermiculture. Eisenia fetida and Dendrobaena veneta were grown in 20 L bins containing peat mixed with either poultry or cattle manure. The proportions were 70% peat and 30 % manure. Discarded plant parts from lettuce cultivation was added to the vermicomposts (35 g per week) and water was supplied with 0.8 L per week.

Bakgrund: Deposition av fibrillär amyloid beta 1-42 (A?) i hjärnan är ett välkänt kännetecken för den neurodegenerativa sjukdomen Alzheimer?s (AD). Dessa ansamlingar påverkar pericyter, en celltyp involverad i blodkärlsfunktion och upprätthållande av blodhjärnbarriären (BBB). Pericyter uttrycker både receptorn low density lipoprotein receptor related protein 1 (LRP-1) till vilken A?1-42 binder, och proteoglykanet NG2.

The feed is a major cost in the dairy production and there is a constant interest in findingalternative cost-effective feedstuffs. Competitive dairy producers have to seek ways todecrease their production costs and the pursuit of cost-effective feed rations contributesto lower costs of production. An interesting group of protein concentrates are rapeseedproducts like ExPro (heat treated rapeseed) which have during the autumn 2008 andspring 2009 been very favourable compared to other protein feeds.This study focuses on the feedstuff products ExPro and Raps-Drank 60/40 (rapeseeddistillersgrain). The potential use of ExPro in dairy cow feed rations are also explored.ExPro is a well known feedstuff but Raps-Drank 60/40 is a relatively new product andnot known for many farmers.A field study on the use of rapeseed products was made on a limited number of dairyfarms. The main purpose was to study the management of the feedstuffs on the farms.The Farms were selected in cooperation with two local extension services.

This thesis investigates three different surface modifications, and the route to design and synthesize them. The thesis is therefore divided into three sub- projects. (i.) Design and synthesis of a peptide which secondary structure could be controlled by a negatively charged surface. (ii.) Design and synthesis of a cyclic peptide, that would self-organize prior to surface interaction, using the type I anti-freeze protein of a winter flounder as template. (iii.) The use of solid-phase synthesis to make the synthesis of SAM-molecules easier..

A method for intra vitam detection of bornaviral infection and diagnosis of bornaviral dis-ease in the cat is currently lacking. The aim of this work was to explore the possibility of using the proximity ligation assay (PLA), with its capacity of recognizing femtomolar con-centrations of a protein, as a method for detection of the minute quantities of antigen and antibodies that are present in the tissues and body fluids of a bornaviraly infected cat. For this purpose reliable comparative assays, in the form of an ELISA and an IFA, had to be established. When this proved impossible within the time frame of the project, the aim of the study had to be abandoned, further underscoring the need for improved means of detec-tion of bornaviral antibodies and antigen..

Pets like dogs and cats have a considerable importance for humans and research demonstrate a variety of positive economic and social effects in society due to our pet companions. The presences of pets are increasing on a global scale with correlation to economic development in low- and middle income countries. For example dogs have doubled in India over a five year period. The feed industry for dogs and cats is also the fastest growing sector in the food industry and certain pets have a significant animal protein intake which, depending on the choice of resources may provide a high ecological footprint. Examples of environmental effects with distribution and manufacturing of pet food are increased greenhouse gas emissions, waste, use of water and energy.

Working as a veterinary nurse includes advising animal owners, helping them to make discisions through well-based facts and experience. Preemptive spaying of the healthy bitch brings many advantages and disadvantages. It leads to cessation of gonadal hormone production, and how the exact extent the surgery affects the dog is not yet fully understood. The sex hormones mainly control the reproductive system, but receptors of these hormones are found in many tissues of the body, and have complex relationships with other hormone systems. Spaying decreases the metabolism although the bitch gets an increased appetite, which enhance the risk of obesity, unless the owner restricts food intake.

För att en elitidrottare ska prestera optimalt under träning och tävling, är det viktigt att hon/han har en adekvat kosthållning. Särskilda näringsrekommendationer för idrottare har framarbetats. Bland annat har Svenska Olympiska Kommittén utarbetat en kostpolicy för elitidrottare, som belyser vikten av näringsintag före, under och efter fysisk aktivitet, samt hur dessa intag bör vara sammansatta näringsmässigt för att idrottaren skall kunna prestera och återhämta sig optimalt.Syftet med detta arbete var att se hur kost- och vätskeintaget såg ut bland elitorienterare före, under och efter tävling, i förhållande till gällande rekommendationer. Även livsmedelsval samt deltagarnas resonemang kring kost- och vätskeintag i samband med tävling studerades.Studiens urval baserades på 15 elitorienterare (8 män och 7 kvinnor) som deltog i orienteringstävlingar i Ronneby under påskhelgen. Orienterarna fyllde i en mat- och vätskedagbok under totalt fyra dagar, två dagar före respektive under tävlingshelgen.

The milk production has developed rapidly the last years. The milk production per cow is increasing and the production units are larger with an increasing number of animals and a decreasing number of workers. Many milk producers invest in automatic milking systems (AM) to meet this change. In these systems the cows can voluntary decide milking frequency and usually the milking frequency are higher than two times per day. But how does the milking frequency effect the composition of the milk? The aim of the present study was to study the effect of milking frequency on the milk composition and the milk fat quality.

Ribs from sheep, goat and pig are rarely assessed  to species due to the fact that they are very similar in their morphology and size. The ribs are instead considered unidentifiable although it is possible to see what kind of bone it is. If these ribs would be identified to species not only would species assessment degree of archaeological source material   increase, the relationship between meat-rich and meat poor regions would change.To find out whether there are morphologically measurable differences between sheep, goat and pig ribs, three measurement points on each rib has been defined and measured. At each measurement point two measurements were measured, one medial-lateral measurement and one cranial-caudal measurement. The ratio between the medial- lateral measurement and the cranial-caudal measurement was calculated for each point.

Today, high-yielding leys of good quality are a must for Swedish dairy and beef enterprises if they are to become profitable. Thus, it is of interest to evaluate the quality of the recently released high-yielding Festulolium hybrids ((Festulolium braunii (K.Rich.) A.Camus). The aim of this project was to determine at what phenological stage three different Festulolium hybrids should be cut in order to get the highest nutritional value. The hybrids studied were Hykor, Perun and Paulita. In the study I also investigated if leaf proportion of the crop could be useful for predictions of the crop content of metabolizable energy. The cultivars were grown in plots within a variety trial with ryegrasses.

Bakgrund Intaget av mättat fett är högt hos Sveriges befolkning och intaget av fibrer, järn och D-vitamin har minskat på senare tid. Kostvanor och livsstil påverkar hälsan och risken att drabbas av folkhälsosjukdomarna; hjärtkärlsjukdom, diabetes, benskörhet, metabola syndromet och cancer. För att minska risken att drabbas av folkhälsosjukdomar är det även viktigt att minska stillasittande. Civilekonomstudenter är en grupp som traditionellt sett har ett stillasittande arbete. Det är därför viktigt att belysa hur närings- och energiintaget ser ut för denna grupp för att kunna motverka ohälsa i ett tidigt stadie.Syfte Syftet med studien var att undersöka om civilekonomstudenter vid Umeå universitet uppnår det genomsnittliga behovet (AR) och Nordiska näringsrekommendationer (NNR) gällande närings- och energiintag.Metod Metoden som användes var en tredagars kostregistrering.

Att tillgodose slaktkycklingens behov av protein och aminosyror är viktigt för att de ska kunna ut-nyttja sin genetiska tillväxtpotential med bibehållen hälsa. Rapsmjöl och rapsfrö har en aminosyra-sammansättning som motsvarar kycklingens behov och det är av intresse att granska om dessa råvaror kan ingå i slaktkycklingens foder i större utsträckning än vad som görs idag. Syftet med denna studie var därför att utvärdera hur 10 %, 20 % och 30 % inblandning av rapsfrö och rapsmjöl (förhållandet 1:5) påverkar parametrar såsom tillväxt, foderintag, foderomvandlingsförmåga, fothälsa, lever- och sköldkörtelvikt samt träckens och ströbäddens TS-innehåll. Totalt ingick 140 kycklingar i försöket jämnt fördelade i 20 burar med 7 djur i varje. Försöket innefattade fyra foderbehandlingar innehål-lande 0-30 % raps.