The retrospective part of this study evaluates the susceptibility patterns of bacteria isolated from blood in critically ill foals in Sweden. The most commonly obtained bacteria were Actinobacillus spp. (38 %) and Escherichia coli (27 %). Trimethoprim-sulphonamide (TMS) had good efficacy against most gram negative bacteria with the exception of Klebsiella spp. Among 17 Escherichia coli isolates 94 % were susceptible to trimethoprim-sulphonamide whereas all 24 isolates of Actinobacillus spp.

Tillförlitlig blodtrycksmätning hos hund är viktigt för att kunna upptäcka avvikelser som kan orsaka eller kopplas samman med sjukdomstillstånd. Flera olika former av blodtrycksmätning existerar, men metoderna har utvärderats i varierande grad. Syftet med litteraturöversikten var att undersöka vilka fördelar och nackdelar det finns med olika metoder för blodtrycksmätning hos hund. Viktigt vid utvärdering är att mätningarna sker simultant, eftersom blodtrycket varierar mycket mellan olika tillstånd och situationer. I huvudsak finns två typer, direkt och indirekt blodtrycksmätning. Den direkta mätningen är invasiv och innebär att en kateter med trycksensor sätts in i en artär, vilket kräver gott handlag. Direkta mätningar anses bäst återspegla de ?sanna? värdena och används ofta som ?golden standard? vid utvärdering av indirekta metoder.

Hemoplus® (Sarstedt, Nümbrecht, Tyskland) is a guaiac-based fecal occult blood test developed for human medicine. Guaiac-based tests make use of the pseudoperoxidase activity of hemoglobin so the test is not specific for human hemoglobin and can therefore be used in veterinary medicine. Peroxidase-containing foods such as meat (hemoglobin and myoglobin) can cause false-positive results of the test. To ensure that a positive result is not caused by diet, it has been suggested that canine patients should be fed a meatless diet for a few days prior to fecal occult blood testing. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of commercial dog food on guaiac-based tests. In this study fecal samples from healthy dogs were analyzed with Hemoplus®.

Crowdfunding is a phenomenon that is subject to a great growth during the recent years, and the growth rate doesn't seem to stagnate. When new legislation named the JOBS Act in the U.S. becomes effective in late 2015, crowd equity will surely become a popular tool for financing businesses. Because crowdfunding great popularity is caused by the possibility to reach out to crowds through the internet, it is a global phenomenon, why it's relevant to examine current legislations in jurisdictions. This thesis covers an examination of Swedish laws of how they govern crowdfunding, and also suggestions on how the laws should be changed to more efficiently  correspond with the purposes of crowdfunding..

This article starts with a review of the literature regarding the normal reproductive physiology of the mare, normal luteolysis, different causes of prolonged luteal phase and theories behind these. The article also presents a study where it was examined if treatment with human choriongonadotropic hormone (hCG) during the luteal phase induces prolonged luteal phase in mares, thus preventing estrus. The study consisted of two parts: one intensive study of eight mares at the former Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology at SLU, Uppsala, Sweden and one field study of seven mares at a stud farm 70 km north of Uppsala. The mares in the intensive study were divided in two groups: one with four mares that were injected with hCG in luteal phase when they had a follicle of minimum 30 mm and a second group with four mares that were injected with sodium chloride at the same time. These mares were examined with ultrasonography and blood samples.

Bakgrund: I det moderna samhället sker en enorm utveckling inom medicinen. En aktuell fråga är organdonation. Inför en eventuell donation väcks många känslor och tankar. Syfte: Studiens syfte var att studera motiv till att donera och upplevelser av att donera en njure. Metod: Studien genomfördes som en litteraturstudie med en kvalitativ ansats.

Hemoglobin is built up from protein and heme groups which give the blood its red colour . Hemoglobin transports oxygen and carbon dioxide between the lungs and other tissues in the body. Normally, a piglet has a hemoglobin value of 130-150 gram per liter blood, and the lower limit before anaemia appears is 80 grams per liter blood. The immune defense is also dependent upon the presence of iron in hemoglobin, since iron participates in different enzyme systems. When the piglet develops anaemia, it becomes pale and thicker around the neck.

ABSTRACT. Introduction: Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is a retrovirus which occurs worldwide and spreads between humans mainly through sex, from mother to child, blood and blood products and between injecting drug users. After been infected with HIV for a couple of years the final stage of the infection progress into Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS), and there is no cure or vaccine, only medication that delays the development of the disease. Objective: The aim of this thesis is to examine the preventive work against HIV in Sweden, the groups at risk for getting infected and to highlight sexual attitudes and behaviours among adolescents and young adults. Method: A literature based study method was used and the material is based on scientific articles and reports from active actors within the field of HIV prevention.

AbstractUppsatsen handlar om tv-spelen Hitman: Blood Money (2006) och Hitman: Absolution (2012) samt dess adaptionsförhållanden till filmtolkningen Hitman (2007). Spelen är utvecklade av det danska spelföretaget IO Interactive och filmen är regisserad av den franska regissören Xavier Gens. Analysen är baserad på åtta teoretiska texter varav en text handlar om tv-spel och dess förhållande till film, fyra texter om adaption (varav två närmare går in på auteurteorier), en text om våld, en text om skräck och slutligen en text om genreteori. Uppsatsen tar upp problematiken i adaptionsprocessen med fokus på överföring från spel till film och sedan vice versa.Den tar också upp tre fördjupningsämnen som är anpassade till spelen och filmen samt ett mindre fördjupningsämne om vem som har rätt till att kalla sig auteur. Dessa tre primära fördjupningsämnen är skräck, våld och genre.

The purpose of this literature study was to describe techniques for monitoring general anesthesia and standing chemical restraint in the horse. A number of various techniques and devices related to e.g. blood pressure measurement, blood gas analysis and pulse oximetry are defined, and finally their clinical relevance and reliability are discussed. The equine patient is generally far more exposed to anesthesia-related risks than other smaller species. Complications such as hypotension and hypercapnia are commonly seen during general anesthesia. Thus, close monitoring is essentially performed by the veterinary nurse, whom is responsible for monitoring the anesthetized patient.

Today most dosages used in horse medicine are based on studies in adult horses. Since there are differences between adult and neonatal horses with respect to different pharmacological parameters this can cause problems when administring drugs to neonatal foals. Neonatal sepsis is a common cause of morbidity and mortality in foals and aggressive antibiotic treatment is needed immediately when sepsis is suspected. In Sweden the combination of trimethoprim/sulphadiazine and bensylpenicillin is often used as the initial treatment. When administering drugs, interactions can occur between the drugs and endogenous substances.

Uppsala University Library owns eight volumes of manuscripts attributed to the academy equerry Johan Leven Ekelund (c.1701?1775). In this thesis, I apply methods from the field of material culture studies in order to establish which of the volumes that formed the donation from Leven to the library mentioned in his will. By mapping certain markers such as places, names and dates I am able to identify to some extent where Leven gained his practical skills and which writers influenced him. By analysing the texts, I draw the conclusion that the manuscripts can be divided into groups aimed for different audiences.

In Swedish sheep industry it is desired to have lambs slaughtered evenly distributed over the year. Swedish sheep are generally seasonal breeders with lambs born in the spring and slaughtered in the autumn. Some of the breeds, e.g. Swedish Finewool and Roslag sheep breeds have shown ability to lamb out of season. For increased knowledge on the possibilities to breed for out-of-season lambing in Swedish sheep breeds, the aim of this master thesis is to study the variation in frequency of two alleles in the MTNR1A gene in the three breeds; Gotland, Swedish Finewool, and Roslag sheep.

Mastitis, inflammation in the udder tissue, caused by S. aureus is a big problem in dairy cattle production. It causes suffering for the cow and curing or replacing the infected cow is costly for the farmer. It is known that beef cattle also suffer from mastitis caused by S. aureus.

Sammanfattning Bakgrund:Sedan början på förra århundrandet är blodtransfusioner en av de främsta livräddande medicinska behandlingarna. Sjuksköterskan är ansvarig under hela arbetsprocessen vid administrering av blodprodukter. Sjuksköterskans arbete utgör en livsviktig uppgift som innefattar patientsäkerhet genom att sjuksköterskan övervakar patienten för att tidigt kunna upptäcka symtom och därmed förhindra att allvarliga och livshotande komplikationer uppstår.Syfte:Syftet var att belysa blodtransfusioner utifrån sjuksköterskans och patientens erfarenheter.Metod:Metoden som användes var en litteraturbaserad studie enligt Friberg. Datainsamlingen utfördes i databaserna Cinahl with full text och Pubmed with full text med sökorden nursing, nursing care, blood transfusion, transfusion, patient care och patient experience. Resultatet baserades på sex vetenskapliga publikationer med både kvalitativ och kvantitativ design.