This thesis is built on a field study that was carried out in two seed-tree stands near by Götbrunna in Uppland, Sweden. The aim was to examine if scarification carried out in spring time could generate a more dense seedling establishment when using natural generation, than scarification carried out in autumn. It was also investigated whether there were differences in mortality the first season between the two plot-types. Plots were established block-wise with 50 blocks (pairs) on each site. The spring scarification was made with a hoe during 22-23 of April.

The problem being examined is the disturbing noise that is created in an open plan office on a company working with a creative process, such as a newspaper or a communications agency. The purpose of this study was to examine the needs for today for a sound absorber in open offices and create and design a design proposal. The aim is also to develop a marketing material the product proposal. The problem has been broken down into the following questions:- How does the user look at the need of a sound absorber in an open offices solution today?- Does an interior designer apply sound absorbers when they furnish the intended environment? - How can a design that meets the needs that exists be achieved and to speak the user?The study is based on three choice of methods a literature review on selected topics that relate to the topic, an interview with an interior designer to explore how an interior designer applies absorbers in open plan office and finally an extensive survey that treats the user's needs and appropriate appearance for the product proposal.The design process has undertaken the following methods, design brief, requirements specification, functional analysis and sketches to produce the final product proposal.

Till följd av globalisering och en vÀxande konkurrens stÀlls det i dag allt större krav pÄ organisationer. För att möta den hÄrdnande konkurrensen Àr det vanligt att företag implementerar olika kvalitetsprogram. Dessa förÀndringar ses som nödvÀndiga ÄtgÀrder för att kunna bibehÄlla marknadsandelar och vara konkurrenskraftiga. Genom att införa Lean-verktyg och arbeta med stÀndiga förbÀttringar minskar riskerna för att produktionen lÀggs ned eller flyttas till lÄgkostnadslÀnder.Som examensarbete har författarna valt att studera ett av dessa Lean-verktyg som anvÀnds för stÀlltidsreducering. Verktyget benÀmns SMED och stÄr för ?Single Minute Exchange of Die? vilket syftar till att öka maskintillgÀngligheten genom effektivare verktygsbyte mellan olika produkter.

The problem being examined is the disturbing noise that is created in an open plan office on a company working with a creative process, such as a newspaper or a communications agency. The purpose of this study was to examine the needs for today for a sound absorber in open offices and create and design a design proposal. The aim is also to develop a marketing material the product proposal. The problem has been broken down into the following questions:- How does the user look at the need of a sound absorber in an open offices solution today?- Does an interior designer apply sound absorbers when they furnish the intended environment? - How can a design that meets the needs that exists be achieved and to speak the user?The study is based on three choice of methods a literature review on selected topics that relate to the topic, an interview with an interior designer to explore how an interior designer applies absorbers in open plan office and finally an extensive survey that treats the user's needs and appropriate appearance for the product proposal.The design process has undertaken the following methods, design brief, requirements specification, functional analysis and sketches to produce the final product proposal.

Botanically diverse pastures are commonly used in New Zealand to reduce the ruminant environmental impact by reducing the methane production from the rumen digestion. In order to evaluate the effects diverse pasture species have on the milk fatty acid profile seventy-two lactating Friesian-Jersey crossbred dairy cows were used in a randomised block design with two replicates of six treatments. Six different pasture mixtures were fed at a daily allowance of approximately 15 kg DM/cow/day. The mixtures were categorised as either a simple or a diverse pasture. The simple mixtures all contained white clover with the addition of either a standard diploid perennial ryegrass (RG), a diploid high sugar ryegrass (HS) or tall fescue (TF).

Till följd av globalisering och en vÀxande konkurrens stÀlls det i dag allt större krav pÄ organisationer. För att möta den hÄrdnande konkurrensen Àr det vanligt att företag implementerar olika kvalitetsprogram. Dessa förÀndringar ses som nödvÀndiga ÄtgÀrder för att kunna bibehÄlla marknadsandelar och vara konkurrenskraftiga. Genom att införa Lean-verktyg och arbeta med stÀndiga förbÀttringar minskar riskerna för att produktionen lÀggs ned eller flyttas till lÄgkostnadslÀnder.Som examensarbete har författarna valt att studera ett av dessa Lean-verktyg som anvÀnds för stÀlltidsreducering. Verktyget benÀmns SMED och stÄr för ?Single Minute Exchange of Die? vilket syftar till att öka maskintillgÀngligheten genom effektivare verktygsbyte mellan olika produkter.

The problem being examined is the disturbing noise that is created in an open plan office on a company working with a creative process, such as a newspaper or a communications agency. The purpose of this study was to examine the needs for today for a sound absorber in open offices and create and design a design proposal. The aim is also to develop a marketing material the product proposal. The problem has been broken down into the following questions:- How does the user look at the need of a sound absorber in an open offices solution today?- Does an interior designer apply sound absorbers when they furnish the intended environment? - How can a design that meets the needs that exists be achieved and to speak the user?The study is based on three choice of methods a literature review on selected topics that relate to the topic, an interview with an interior designer to explore how an interior designer applies absorbers in open plan office and finally an extensive survey that treats the user's needs and appropriate appearance for the product proposal.The design process has undertaken the following methods, design brief, requirements specification, functional analysis and sketches to produce the final product proposal.

The decision of the European Commission to block the merger between Volvo and Scania in the late 90?s became the starting point to the debate of the possible discriminating effects of the European merger regulation. Especially since the Commission a few years earlier had approved of the merger between Mercedes-Benz and KĂ€ssbohrer on the German bus market, where the conditions for competition had been similar to those at hand in the Swedish case. The issue that was and still is in focus is whether the European merger regulation is more difficult to pass for large companies situated on a smaller domestic market than is the case for their competitors of corresponding size but situated on a larger domestic market.This thesis aims at examining what the judgement of the geographical relevant market means for the application of the Merger act. This is being done from two perspectives.

FörmÄgan att dela med sig av kunskap inom organisationen och att vara en innovativ organisation Àr idag avgörande för ett företags konkurrenskraft. Organisationens förmÄga att lÀra Àr inget som uppkommer slumpmÀssigt och det har visat sig vara möjligt att skapa kreativa och lÀrande miljöer genom ett konsekvent arbete. Litteraturen visar pÄ en rad element att beakta för att vara en lyckosam lÀrande organisation. En av dessa Àr hur organisationen strukturerar sina resurser. Det har visat sig ha stor betydelse pÄ vilka nivÄer besluten tas och hur nÀra besluten medarbetarna kÀnner sig.

The real estate company Ihus is facing an expansion of its comfort cooling in Noatun,Uppsala, to provide the buildings in the block with cooling. The buildings in Noatunare mainly used for office premises, where the requirements for an accepted indoorclimate is great. However, it?s uncertain whether Ihus should continue, as currently,producing comfort cooling by themselves using a compressor chiller, or if they shouldconnect themselves to Vattenfall?s district cooling net.The purpose of this report is to examine which technique of cooling is best suited forIhus and their buildings in Noatun. It should also work as a guideline for othercompanies facing the same problem as Ihus.

Variation in tuber quality within a single field was one of the motives for a pilot study in Halland, in south-western Sweden conducted during 2002. Quality problems in potatoes have been increasing due to the aggregation of several small fields with different land use history into larger farm units, which are heterogeneous in soil properties and fertility. The study in Halland indicated that both the uniformity and the mean size of tubers may increase from site-specific K fertilization, whereas total yields may be unaffected. The results from this pilot-study with site-specific fertilization showed that tubers reached a more uniform quality and gave a more uniform mean size, while the total yield wasn't affected at all. Site-specific K-fertilization has been applied for some years in Halland with good results. The aim of this study was to test this technique in another potato growing area.

Simulation of different systems can be done using a graphical model description of the system based on block diagrams. The simulation software Matlab/Simulink offers a lot of possibilities to describe a huge number of systems, which can be linear as well as nonlinear. The simulation using Matlab/Simulink is done by integration based on different kinds of numerical methods.When nonlinear Simulink-models are simulated, it is often interesting to apply a Kalman filter to handle the noise that may occur within the process as well as corrupting the measurement. However, application of such a filter leads to an extensive time-consumption despite using fast computers. The reason is that the existing Matlab functions are not constructed for time optimal evaluation.

Vid adhesiv cementering, sÄ kallad bonding, rekommenderar fabrikanter att glaskeramers cementeringsyta etsas innan applicering av silan. Att vÀrmebehandla silan med respektive utan etsning, har i tidigare studier visat en höjning av bindningsstyrkan mellan olika material. Den litiumdisilikatbaserade glaskeramen IPS e.maxŸ Press har funnits pÄ marknaden sedan 2005 och fÄ studier har gjorts pÄ ytbehandlingar och dess effekter pÄ materialet och bindningen till olika material. Syftet: att undersöka om ytbehandling med vÀrmebehandlat silan ger en högre bindningsstyrka till adhesivt cement hos en litiumdisilikatbaserad glaskeram, jÀmfört med kombinationen etsning och silanisering. Material och metod: 12 litiumdisilikatbaserade keramiska block pressades. Blocken delades parvis in i sex grupper och ytbehandlades med etsmedel och/eller silan med eventuell pÄföljande vÀrmebehandling. Blocken cementerades samman varpÄ mikrostavar sektionerades fram, som sedan termocyklades. 10 provkroppar ur varje grupp valdes ut för ett microtensile bond strength test. Frakturytorna bedömdes i mikroskop.

Detta examensarbete har genoförts vid AB Sandvik Coromant i Gimo pÄ avdelningarna GVH2 och GVH3 under perioden oktober 2004 till mars 2005. MÄlet med arbetet var att komma med förslag till förÀndringar för att öka produktiviteten för avdelningarna genom bl.a. tillverkningsstrategiska och laoutmÀssiga förÀndringar. Arbetet bedrevs i fem huvudsakliga block: kartlÀggning av nulÀge, analys av nulÀge, litteraturstudie, framtagning av förslag, analys och utvÀrdering av förslag. De första tvÄ blocken gav oss en blick över hur vÀl den nuvarande produktionen överensstÀmmer med den planerade produktionsstrategin.

Background: The most energy efficient houses today are so called passive houses. These houses achieve high energy-efficiency partly by having well insulated walls. U-value describes the amount of heat transfered through a building element, the more insulation, the smaller U-value. A typical passive house wall have a U-value of 0.10 W/m2,°C. The passive houses are primarily made as small family houses and not as a block of apartments.