Biogas POTENTIAL IN GRASSES FROM WETLANDSMarvin MartinsThe purpose of this study has been to survey wetlands that are suitable for mowing and to analyze the Biogas potential in the harvested grasses. A preformed investigation showed that there are suitable wetlands, which can be harvestable, namely those mowed formerly in traditional haymaking. The practice of traditional haymaking is dying out in Sweden today but there are several good reasons why it should to be reconsidered. Nature- and cultural values are obvious, also the unutilized energy in the grass.The suitable types of wetland that were specifically studied were the productive wetlands; meadow marshes and wet meadows. These wetlands are represented in the Swedish meadow- and pasture inventory database; (TUVA) and the Swedish national wetland inventory (VMI).

Until 2020, 49% of Sweden's use of energy must derive from renewable sources. Greenhouse gases must as well decline with 40% compared to 1990 as a part of Sweden's 16 environmental objectives. Biogas is part of the effort to achieve these objectives, but as the demand for Biogas increases, more substrates are needed to meet the demand. The purpose is to investigate the conditions for pea residue as substrate by performing lab-scale mesophilic digestion with different fractions and notch lengths and then to summarize pea residue as a substrate for Biogas production. During anaerobic digestion, 1000 ml bottles were used as reactors for digestion.

Using the Introductory Carbon Balance Model, ICBM, five different crop rotations with rye 1. Rye-Ley-Ley-Rye-Beans-Rye 2. Rye-Rye-Rapeseed-Rapeseed 3. Rye-Ley-Ley-Rye-Potatoes-Rye 4. Rye-Rye-Potatoes-Wheat 5. Rye-Rye-Potatoes-Beans-Wheat-Rye-Potatoes-Rapeseed were tested theoretically in four different cultivation scenarios ? Straw left on the field, Biogas digestate added as fertilizer. Labelled ?+straw+BD?. ? Straw left on the field, only synthetic fertilizer. Labelled ?+straw-BD?. ? Straw harvested, Biogas digestate added as fertilizer.

Because of the increasing trends in energy consumption and increased environmental awareness, greater focus has been placed on improvement and development of renewable energy sources. An already proven and accepted method is Biogas production from anaerobic digestion at municipal wastewater treatment plants.In the waste water treatment process solid material and dissolved pollutants are separated from the water, forming a sludge. The sludge is separated from the process and stabilized during anaerobic digestion or aerobic aeration. Most often, mesophilic anaerobic digestion is used. Because of degradation by microorganisms, Biogas with a high content of methane is formed during the digestion.

The Biogas plant Kungsängens gård, owned by Uppsala Vatten och Avfall AB, produces Biogas and biomanure from organic household waste, food processing waste and slaughterhouse waste. In year 2012, 4.4 million Nm3 of Biogas were produced from 25 200 tons of waste. Before digestion all substrate is sanitized by pasteurization at 70°C in order to kill pathogens. Another method, integrated thermophilic sanitation (ITS), is of interest in order to decrease the energy demand. The method implies that the substrate is sanitized during ten hours in the digestion chamber, where the temperature is 52°C.

The Biogas plant Kungsängens gård, owned by Uppsala Vatten och Avfall AB, produces Biogas and biomanure from organic household waste, food processing waste and slaughterhouse waste. In year 2012, 4.4 million Nm3 of Biogas were produced from 25 200 tons of waste. Before digestion all substrate is sanitized by one hour?s pasteurization at 70°C in order to kill pathogens. Another method, integrated thermophilic sanitation (ITS), is of interest in order to decrease the energy demand.

This thesis is   focused on identifying and documenting all   electrical equipment, such as devices, power lines / cables, and connectors in the facility and also on presenting a brief   technical description and information of the systems around the reactors.   Furthermore there will be a brief description of LabVIEW - which is a   graphical programming language- and which devices / elements   are programmed. For further notification, I am not   responsible for the programming of the devices in LabVIEW   which I have only used as a tool in my work. The plant   for production of Biogas consists of four reactors   of which the third reactor (Lakbädden)   is connected to another reactor (UASB)   where they cooperate with each other.   The reactors are used for producing   Biogas in the form of methane gas.The reactors I and II are   connected to, various electrical devices as, flow meters, temperature   sensors, frequency converter and   more.

Biogas is a gaseous fuel, rich in methane, produced through a biological route in an anaerobic digester. A gas engine generates combined heat and power, which can be used at the farm to reduce energy cost. The process also generates a digestate, with better utilization of nutrient compared to cattle manure. The aim of this study is to analyze the profitability of a farm-scale Biogas plant for combined heat and power (CHP) at Wapnö. Wapnö is an agriculture company located in the southern part of Sweden.

Käppala wastewater treatment plant situated on the island of Lidingö northeast of Stockholm is running a project during 2004 and 2005 with the purpose to map out the capacity of anaerobic digestion in the digesters that treat primary and excess sludge. The purpose of this thesis work, which is part of that project, was to characterize the present anaerobic digestion process and to investigate its capacity to treat other organic wastes such as restaurant waste and waste from water works. To decide the potential of both methane and Biogas production from different substrates batch laboratory tests were carried out. To imitate the anaerobic digestion process at Käppala continuous tests with small scale reactors were carried out. These reactors were later fed with restaurant waste.The batch laboratory tests showed that primary sludge had a potential Biogas and methane production of 0,62 and 0,35 Ndm3/g VS respectively after 40 days of digestion.

Stockholm Gas AB säljer i huvudsak två olika produkter. Den ena är stadsgas och den andra är fordonsgas. Båda produkterna skall på sikt i huvudsak ha Biogas som råvara. I dagsläget är det dock så att stadsgasen till största delen består av naturgas blandad med luft.Stockholm Gas AB har genomgått stora förändringar och står inför nya. År 2011 togs ett stort steg i Stockholm Gas klimat- och miljöriktiga utveckling.

I detta examensarbete för Högskoleingenjörsprogrammet för elkraft gjordes i arbetets första del en uppskattning och modellering av substrattillgången för en föreslagen mindre Biogasanläggning lokaliserad i Övertorneå. Anläggningen förses med substrat från jordbruk, avfall från reningsverk och matavfall från båda Övertorneå och Ylitornio kommuner. Dessutom ingick en modellering av möjlig Biogasproduktion och bedömning av lämplig Biogasanvändning. I denna modellering ingår även en bedömning av om substrattransporterna är energimässigt hållbara.De möjliga användningarna för gasen är värmeproduktion, kraftvärmeproduktion, fordonsgasproduktion och vätgasproduktion för både fordon och kraftvärme med bränslecell. Slutsatsen var att det lämpligaste alternativet var en Biogasen bör användas till kraftvärmeproduktion av traditionell sort men att i framtiden kanske en uppgradering till kraftvärme från vätgas med Biogas vara möjlig om tekniken bedöms vara mogen.

Behovet av energisnålare och miljövänligare processer är stort i samhället i dag. Syftet med projektet var att ta fram energisnålare avfuktningsmetoder för Biogas, som sedermera ersätter naturgas. Vidare var det önskvärt att undersöka möjligheten att avfukta gasen ytterligare för att undvika kondensering i ledningen under transportering.Energiberäkningar har genomförts, där nuvarande förbrukning ställts mot undersökta alternativ. Vidare beräknades, för alternativen, såväl dimensionering som preliminära investeringskostnader för nödvändig utrustning. Även miljöpåverkan undersöktes för varje metod.Rapporten visar på möjligheten att energieffektivisera processen och dessutom öka avfuktningen.

Scandinavian Biogas is involved in the planning of a combined ethanol and Biogas factory in Karlskoga, Sweden. Besides Biogas and ethanol large amounts of digester residues will be produced, about 450 000 liquid tonnes residue (~7,3 % Dry Substance( DS)). The objective of this thesis was to investigate possible uses of the residue from the Biogas production process ScandgasEthanol developed by Scandinavian Biogas, and to derive a methodological approach how to evaluate and compare handling systems. Three systems where proposed and compared in this thesis; spreading of the untreated residue as fertilizer (system 1), dewatering to a higher DS content to reduce transportation before spreading as fertilizer (system 2) and production of a solid fuel by dewatering and drying the residue (system 3). The general conditions for the proposed systems were investigated in terms of practical viability, economical aspects, environmental impact and energy inputs/outputs.

Vi lever i en värld som konsumerar en allt större mängd energi. Att minska den icke förnyelsebara energianvändningen är en mycket viktig del för ett långsiktigt hållbartsamhälle. Sjöstad är ett av flera reningsverk i Sverige som rötar avloppsslam för att utvinna ett av framtidens bränslen; Biogas. Framställningen av Biogas sker genom anaerob nedbrytning, en känslig process som lätt störs av yttre faktorer, som temperatursvängningar och förändringar av substratsammansättning. För att anaerob nedbrytning ska fungera optimalt krävs exakt rätt koncentrationer av näringsämnen i reaktorerna.I detta projekt har en rad olika mikronäringsämnen, som metaller, salter och vitaminer testats för att se om en tillsats av något av dessa kan öka Sjöstads Biogasproduktion.

Biogas har anva?nts som fordonsbra?nsle i Sverige sedan bo?rjan av 90-talet som ett fo?rnyelsebart alternativ till naturgas. Fo?rst till bussflottor och sedan slutet av 90-talet a?ven till personbilar. Biogasproduktionen i Sverige har sedan slutet av 90-talet varit omkring 1,5 TWh per a?r.