European cities of today are under the challenge to find ways to stay competitive and flourish in a rapidly changing world, where the old patterns of centrality and periphery not necessarily holds true. New and improved communication networks, a changed political geography in Europe, and the globalisation of not only the financial and industrial markets but also to a certain extent the globalisation of people, have all led to great challenges for cities and regions.In a changed spatial reality the classic monocentric models are challenged by newer models of urbanisation. The polycentric urban region is one such model which has been used to describe urban regions like the Randstad in the Netherlands and the Rhein-Ruhr region in Germany. Regions which lack the single dominant central city of the monocentric models of old, and instead shows a high degree of more equal-sized and sometimes more specialised cities in regional cooperation. The polycentric urban region is in that aspect a possible model for how other urbanised regions in Europe may act to be able to position themselves as attractive urban regions and regional hubs in the European urban network.Polycentric urban regions are not a universal solution, though.

This report is intended to give an insight in the Network Performance Assessment Modeland the parameters that is needed in the making of a fictitious grid that represents anoptimal grid. A main goal is to investigate how the construction of a real grid iscompared to the fictitious.One of the key parameters is how redundancy is treated in the model and to find theoptimal amount of redundancy versus the costs. Further is the dimensioning of the grid ofinterest. The fictitious grid is based on energy whereas the real grid often is based onsubscribed power and these two principles are compared and analyzed.The difference in the outcome of the model result due to variations in input data of themodel is also discussed in the report..

Att arbeta i projekt är historiskt ingen ny företeelse då idén om att strukturera upp arbetet i projektform är något vi burit med ossunder årtusenden. Trots att det med tiden vuxit fram nya bra idéer kring hur arbetet i projekt skall styras är det många av dagens företag som misslyckas med att uppnå de uppsatta målen. Hur kommer detta sig? Idag är många teoretiker inom projektområdet överens om att svaret många gånger ligger i projektets startfas. Förmågan att starta projekt anses vara alltför bristfällig i många företag.

Uppsatsen behandlar betydelsen som film har för vår förståelse av olika fenomen och historiska händelser, för förmedling av ideologi samt hur filmskapare arbetar för att övertyga sin publik..

The Swedish energy system will be influenced by many future changes, such as energy and climate policy objectives. The installation of more renewable electricity could increase by using solar energy. Over the recent years, grid-connected photovoltaic (PV) systems have increased dramatically in Sweden, partly due to various support systems and compensation models. These support systems have been designed to make it easy for individuals and businesses to invest in self-generated electricity and thus contribute to the transformation of the energy system.The introduction of a higher proportion of solar energy may in turn affect the Swedish electricity system. This could mean that the electricity companies will be facing a number of changes in the near future.

I detta arbete undersöks attityder, motivation och tankar kring miljövänligt beteende på arbetsplatsen bland anställda inom skola och omsorg i tre Dalslandskommuner. Två av dessa har infört en arbetsprocess som låter de anställda, tillsammans i arbetslaget, sätta sina egna mål för miljövänliga arbetsrutiner på arbetsplatsen. Inspiration till studien kommer från Self-Determination Theory (Ryan & Deci 2000) och Value-belief-norm Theory (Stern 2000). Data samlades in och analyserades med både kvalitativa och kvantitativa metoder. Kvantitativa data från 169 frågeformulär som behandlade motivation och attityder användes främst som bakgrundsdata till fem stycken intervjuer.

To achieve a working collaboration in a big, complex organization where there are vast requirements on both quality and profitability is not always an easy task. An example of this is the organization that was created in the Swedish railway industry following a series of deregulations during the past 25 years. A partial market in this organization is the railway maintenance. In order to achieve a working collaboration between actors in this organization the so-called Purchaser-provider model (PPM) is presently used for the procurement of rail maintenance projects. Previous research has shown that this market-based instrument has clear positive effects regarding the cost-efficiency but hinders the collaboration.

In the fragmented network economy of toady remote work for creative designers becomes mor eand more prevalent. This is good for a number of reasons. Mainly, creative designers can find work inside and outside of their region irrespective of where they choose to live. However, competing for jobs in a global market is harder, and the online presence of the creatives becomes their main shopping window. We have conducted a study, interviewing digital creatives in Västerbotten.

The ever-growing e-commerce brings many opportunities for society's consumers and businesses. Digitization has strongly contributed to these opportunities and has, among other things, facilitated the search for information and increased the range for the customer. While the opportunities are many, the increased consumption has also brought consequences. The increase in consumption contributes, among other things, to quantities of deliveries and returns as well as increased waste, all of which results in environmental destruction. The issue of sustainability is very topical today and is influenced by almost everything today. In connection with the markets changing, the consumers' behaviors and expectations also change.

Bachelor thesis in Business administration, School of Business and Economics at Linnaeus University, Controller, 2FE13E, spring semester 2014Title: Capital budgeting in Municipal-real estate companies - A study of the law of public housing company impact on capital budgeting.Authors: Axel Erlandsson, Caroline Hellman and Niklas LundqvistTutor: Anders JerrelingBackground: Municipal owned real estate companies  has in the past been obliged to take responsibility for providing housing to Swedish municipal inhabitants. Municipal owned real estate company?s has in the past been prohibited to act in profit purpose. In January 2011 the previous law of public housing was replaced with the new law on public municipal housing companies. The municipality may not provide the municipal owned company with any financial advantages against a private owned real estate company.

Sammanfattning: Vi står inför en tid med stora pensionsavgångar, endast under 2011 kommer 124 000 svenskar att fylla 65 år. Då äldre anställda ofta innehar mycket kunskap efter lång erfarenhet inom en organisation finns en risk att kunskapen följer med dem när de slutar till följd av en pensionering. Med denna studie önskar vi kunna bidra med en större förståelse för betydelsen av en tydligt utarbetad pensionerings- och kunskapsledningsstrategi för en organisation då dessa stora pensionsavgångar väntar. Vi önskar även bidra med en ökad medvetenhet om kunskapsledningens relevans i organisationer, och att denna medvetenhet bör finnas hos alla anställda och inte endast vara individspecifik.Syftet med denna studie var att kartlägga och analysera det personliga nätverket runt en nyckelperson i en organisation för att kunna utvärdera nätverkets roll i bevarandet av kunskap vid nyckelpersonens pensionering samt identifiera kunskapsbevarande faktorer. Studien genomfördes som en kvalitativ fallstudie där både intervjuer och dagböcker användes för att samla in det empiriska materialet.

Rapporten inleds med en beskrivning av WM-datas Network Management struktur och Reporting Management behov. Därefter följer en beskrivning av de två analys tekniker Datamining och On Line Analytical Processing (OLAP) vilka är de mest använda databasbaserade tekniker. Verktyget Tivoli Decision Support (TDS) är ett stödssystem som ska underlätta för beslutsfattare inom organisationen. TDS baseras på OLAP ? tekniken och rapporten visar avslutningsvis de möjligheter som verktyget ger avseende WM-datas Reporting Management..

In this thesis is studied the electrical load of Paradisskolan with respect to power quality and energy consumption. The school's owner Trollhättans Tomt AB is also interested to know if they can reduce their costs by changing to smaller meter fuses. A recurring ground fault that?s been recorded from powerpanel A1A has been investigated. The school's equipped with an electrical bonding system, harmonic filters for the third harmonic currents, TN-S system from feeding transformer and groundfault monitoring.

SyfteSyftet med studien var att översätta och validera skattningsskalan för tränarbeteenden Coaching Behavior Scale for Sport (CBS-S) från engelska till svenska.MetodSammanlagt ingick 545 deltagare fördelade på två urval. Deltagarna var lagidrottare i de två högsta nationella serierna. Deltagarna besvarade en enkät innehållandes CBS-S och skalor för andra tränarbeteenden, motivation, självförtroende och relationen med tränaren. På datamaterialet utfördes explorativ faktoranalys med varimax rotering och korrelationer mellan de olika dimensionerna i skalorna beräknades. 39 av deltagarna besvarade även CBS-S två gånger och på dessa data beräknades test-retestkorrelationer mellan dimensionerna i CBS-S.ResultatFaktoranalysen fann åtta dimensioner med egenvärde > 1.

The horse's motivations to forage and eat are behaviors that horse owners should take into consideration when designing the horse's living environment. In today?s housing of horses, horses are often kept alone in boxes and paddocks and are fed with small amounts of energy-rich roughage. Problems that can arise with a shortened feeding-time and long periods of fasting are behavioral changes like stereotypic behaviors and an increased risk for ulcers. A solution to the short feeding-time is that you are feeding roughage in a small mesh hay net, or a so-called Slow-feed net.