During the recent financial crisis there has been an intense debate regarding small enterprise?s possibilities to borrow money. Statements from interest groups and results from surveys among Swedish non-financial companies indicate that their situation has worsened. Credit worthy enterprises that under normal circumstances would not have any problems getting financing are now facing financial difficulties. In contrast, an economic report from the Bank of Sweden concludes that Sweden does not suffer from a severe credit rationing due to the financial crisis.

Purpose: The purpose of this thesis is to study the causal relationship between Bank sector development and economic growth in four Nordic countries (Sweden, Finland, Denmark and Norway).Method: Our thesis is based on a quantitative method. The study consists of a compilation and analysis of key financial indicators that represent economic growth and Bank sector development. A Granger causality test has been conducted on the time series in order to measure the causal link between economic growth and Bank sector development.Theoretical framework: The study is based on the theory of endogenous growth and the causal relationship between Bank sector development and economic growth also known as the demand following and supply leading hypothesis. Results: The results of the four countries are ambiguous. Except for Denmark, that follows the supply leading hypothesis, the remaining countries do not show a unanimous result..

During the autumn of 2007 I carried out an investigation within the Bank and finance Sector. The aim of the investigation was to see how informal aspects could be understood in relation to equality within Bank AB? The main question was: Which are the obstacles and opportunities for equality within Bank AB? To answer the main question I asked the following questions to the material: Are there any gender related different within the organization? How are men and women represented within the internal magazine? Which are the conceptions related to sex/gender within the organization? The investigation is based on a survey, the internal magazine was investigated and finally interviews took place. Throughout the investigation I used organization theory in a gender perspective. With the gender organization theory I examined concepts as structures, leadership, symbolism and changes associated with equality.

Problem: Which factors affect customer satisfaction in a non-physical Bank relation? Purpose: The purpose with this thesis is to study what creates customer satisfaction in a non-physical Bank relation. We look at this by conducting a case study in which we studied the opinion of customers who uses the e-Bank at FöreningsSparBanken. Method: We have used a qualitative data method through which we have received answers from our respondents, these we have interpreted to form information, which we have used in our analysis. In our empirical study we have used a case study in which we have chosen to interview both customers and co-workers to get an answer to our problem.

Syftet med denna undersökning är att belysa hur kommunikationen mellan Bank och kund ser ut och för att svara på detta syfte ställdes fyra forskningsfrågor upp. Dessa forskningsfrågor var: hur kommunicerar Banken med kunden vid olika erbjudanden, hur vill kunden att kommunikationen med Banken ska ske, hur ser kommunikationsproblemen ut mellan Bank och kund och hur vill kunden att Banken skall kommunicera vid ett erbjudande? För att få svar på dessa frågor undersökte vi både Bankens och kundernas syn på denna kommunikation med hjälp av en fallstudie. Vår undersökning inriktade sig enbart på unga icke-akademiker..

Problem: That the stakeholder?s expectations don´t answer to what auditors can and may do have been a problem for several years. This problem was defined for the first time by Liggio at 1974. Since 1974 there have been several researches about the expectation gap for auditors.Purpose: The purpose of our study is to research what the audit effort in HQ Bank means for the expectation gap.Theory: The theories in our study discuss the audit profession, the definition of the expectation gap, how trust develops between individuals, the regulations that the authorities discuss and a review of earlier researches in this subject.Method: We have done a qualitative study in which we interviewed approved auditors at PwC and Convensia in addition we interviewed the chief lawyer at the Swedish financial supervisory authority to answer our purpose.Conclusions: The conclusion of our study is that the expectation gap exists between the auditors and the stakeholders. Another conclusion is that the incidents in HQ Bank have influenced the expectation gap in a negative direction, to reduce the expectation gap we suggest that adjustments of the regulations must be done and that the auditors themselves must inform their stakeholders what auditors can and may do..

Problem: Hur har implementeringen av det nya regelverket Basel II påverkat en liten respektive en stor Bank? Vilken metod använder en liten respektive en stor Bank vid beräkning av risker enligt den första pelaren och är storleken på Bank avgörande för val av metod? Vilka brister har Basel II och hur kan regelverket förbättras?Syfte: Denna studie syftar till att beskriva och analysera hur Basel II påverkat en liten respektive en stor Bank, dessutom påvisa om det finns skillnader i val av metod vid beräkning av risker enligt den första pelaren. Syftet är även att belysa Basel II´s brister, samt föreslå möjliga förbättringar.Metod: Vi har valt en kvalitativ undersökningsmetodik för insamling av empirisk data. Undersökningen bestod av intervjuer med en liten respektive en stor Bank, samt Finansinspektionen. Även böcker, rapporter och tidigare forskning har legat till grund för vår studie.Slutsats: Bankerna i den här studien anser att implementeringen av Basel II varit resurskrävande, både kostnads- och kompetensmässigt.

The purpuse with this work is to see if there is a possibility to buy a farm with a low amount of own capital. We have been doing budgets for five farms with different kind of productions. Some of the farms in this work are possible to buy with a low amount of capital but if you start without any money you will run into problems with the Bank. The Bank is not very pleased with fully financed projects; they would recommend an own capital of at least 10-20%. The farms with the best budgets were farms with animals..

Course:Business Administration, Master Thesis, Second Level, 30 Credits.Authors:Sara Frännlid and Helena RamstedtTutor:Jim AndersénTitle:Internet, relationships and loyalty ? Best praCtice foR the BankMarketPurpose:The study aims to explain how Banks use electronic customer relationship management, eCRM, to create loyal customers. A figure will be created, which will enlighten the factors a Bank should focus on when enhancing customer loyalty through the internet. Through interviews with two successful Banks is it possible to study how a Bank can successfully create loyal customers.Methodology:A qualitative method in terms of semi-structured interviews is used. The empirical results were then analyzed with the theory in order to contribute with a new figure.Theoreticalperspective:The theory describes how a Bank can create a loyal customer over the Internet.

Titel: Kundens val av Bank Nivå: C-uppsats i ämnet företagsekonomi Författare: Sanna Westling och Angelica Kjellin Handledare: Lars-Johan Åge Datum: 2012- januari Syfte: Syftet med denna studie är att belysa vilka faktorer som påverkar kunden i valet av Bank och jämföra dessa med Bankernas syn på vilka faktorer som avgör kundens val av Bank. Målet är att presentera ett resultat som kan vara till nytta för Bankerna i deras framtida marknadsföring. Metod: En kvantitativt inriktad enkätundersökning har via metoden snowballing spridits till respondenter. Resultat har mätts och presenterats empiriskt via staplar och diagram. Kvalitativa intervjuer har skett med Bankerna där resultatet har kopplats till enkätundersökningen och en diskussion förts med kopplingar till teorierna vi presenterat och bearbetat med inhämtad sekundärdata. Resultat & slutsats: Vår studie utmynnade i att de tre viktigaste faktorerna för val av Bank är kunskap, kundbehandling och säkerhet. Det visade sig att Bankerna var på ungefär samma linje men att det fortfarande finns några kunskapsluckor här att fylla ut. Förslag till fortsattforskning: Vi har bara skrapat på ytan bland alla de orsaker som kan finnas till valet av Bank.

This thesis concerns the Swedish credit card market to a younger public and specifically Nordea as a card editor. The purpose is to investigate whether a Swedish Bank can, and want to build long term relationships with a young public through credit cards, and if so, how they do this.The theoretical background formulated by researchers Bendapundi and Berry consists of four key factors of relationship maintenance; trust, dependency, dedication and constraint. These key factors are also assembled in an analytical framework. The empirical findings mainly consist of interviews with three employees at Nordea. They describe a recent segmentation of the Bank?s customers with the issuing of a new credit card; Mastercard Silver.

In Sweden today almost all people are connected to a Bank in some way. It can range from loans, savings, shares, etc. They have a current account where salaries, student aid etc. is paid. Due to the large selection of Banks, it has become more important for Banks to be competitive in their services to their customers so they don?t change Bank.

The vegetation?s impact on erosion control is widely explored, even though research? results are scattered where it suggests a both positive and negative relationship between roots and erosion tendency. Research has measured the roots? impact on erosion by many different methods, hence the aim of this study is to offer a clearance of what factors play an important role in the choice of appropriate species controlling river Bank erosion. I have therefore studied 17 articles concerning vegetation and erosion control, which were found in different databases such as: Web of Knowledge, Biological Sciences, Academic Search Elite and Google Scholar.

Course:Business Administration, Master Thesis, Second Level, 30 Credits.Authors:Sara Frännlid and Helena RamstedtTutor:Jim AndersénTitle:Internet, relationships and loyalty ? Best praCtice foR the BankMarketPurpose:The study aims to explain how Banks use electronic customer relationship management, eCRM, to create loyal customers. A figure will be created, which will enlighten the factors a Bank should focus on when enhancing customer loyalty through the internet. Through interviews with two successful Banks is it possible to study how a Bank can successfully create loyal customers.Methodology:A qualitative method in terms of semi-structured interviews is used. The empirical results were then analyzed with the theory in order to contribute with a new figure.Theoreticalperspective:The theory describes how a Bank can create a loyal customer over the Internet.

There are many different forms of financing for small businesses and two common financing options mentioned in the study, Bank loans and Venture Capital.Venture Capital is a form of risk capital financing, investing in unlisted stock market. The feature of the arrangement is that those people are trying to find companies that can offer unique, attractive and in demand products on a strong growing market. Since VC-firms are taking a big risk in cooperation with the investment, the VC-company strong demands while assessments are made on the company will generate a return in the future.Bank loans are the most common form of financing for companies in the market. Requirements and assessment under the law is hard especially for small businesses because financing entails high risks. Banks require that the liquidity management in the enterprise should be stable because the Bank's main objective is to repayment of debt and the interest payable on the capital.The purpose of this study is to examine the requirements and assessments VC-firms and Banks make use of the financing of small businesses. .