Problem: That the stakeholder?s expectations don´t answer to what auditors can and may do have been a problem for several years. This problem was defined for the first time by Liggio at 1974. Since 1974 there have been several researches about the expectation gap for auditors.Purpose: The purpose of our study is to research what the audit effort in HQ Bank means for the expectation gap.Theory: The theories in our study discuss the audit profession, the definition of the expectation gap, how trust develops between individuals, the regulations that the authorities discuss and a review of earlier researches in this subject.Method: We have done a qualitative study in which we interviewed approved auditors at PwC and Convensia in addition we interviewed the chief lawyer at the Swedish financial supervisory authority to answer our purpose.Conclusions: The conclusion of our study is that the expectation gap exists between the auditors and the stakeholders. Another conclusion is that the incidents in HQ Bank have influenced the expectation gap in a negative direction, to reduce the expectation gap we suggest that adjustments of the regulations must be done and that the auditors themselves must inform their stakeholders what auditors can and may do..

Problem: Hur har implementeringen av det nya regelverket Basel II påverkat en liten respektive en stor bank? Vilken metod använder en liten respektive en stor bank vid beräkning av risker enligt den första pelaren och är storleken på bank avgörande för val av metod? Vilka brister har Basel II och hur kan regelverket förbättras?Syfte: Denna studie syftar till att beskriva och analysera hur Basel II påverkat en liten respektive en stor bank, dessutom påvisa om det finns skillnader i val av metod vid beräkning av risker enligt den första pelaren. Syftet är även att belysa Basel II´s brister, samt föreslå möjliga förbättringar.Metod: Vi har valt en kvalitativ undersökningsmetodik för insamling av empirisk data. Undersökningen bestod av intervjuer med en liten respektive en stor bank, samt Finansinspektionen. Även böcker, rapporter och tidigare forskning har legat till grund för vår studie.Slutsats: Bankerna i den här studien anser att implementeringen av Basel II varit resurskrävande, både kostnads- och kompetensmässigt.

The purpuse with this work is to see if there is a possibility to buy a farm with a low amount of own capital. We have been doing budgets for five farms with different kind of productions. Some of the farms in this work are possible to buy with a low amount of capital but if you start without any money you will run into problems with the bank. The bank is not very pleased with fully financed projects; they would recommend an own capital of at least 10-20%. The farms with the best budgets were farms with animals..

This thesis investigates the 200 year old phenomena of savings banks and if they increase the economic growth (GDP) in the local region they act in. That is being done by testing three hypotheses; the savings banks increase the attractiveness of the region they act in; the savings banks increase the entrepreneurship in the region they act in; and the savings banks increase the economic growth in region they act in. This quantitative cross-sectional study with data from the year 2010, finds that the savings banks increase the attractiveness of the local region, most likely through the efforts and financials they put into different local projects. A positive result is also found for increased entrepreneurship in the regions that have a local savings bank. The result is explained by the savings banks relationship lending, which increase the likeliness for a company to get the credit they need to start and develop.

Course:Business Administration, Master Thesis, Second Level, 30 Credits.Authors:Sara Frännlid and Helena RamstedtTutor:Jim AndersénTitle:Internet, relationships and loyalty ? Best praCtice foR the bankMarketPurpose:The study aims to explain how banks use electronic customer relationship management, eCRM, to create loyal customers. A figure will be created, which will enlighten the factors a bank should focus on when enhancing customer loyalty through the internet. Through interviews with two successful banks is it possible to study how a bank can successfully create loyal customers.Methodology:A qualitative method in terms of semi-structured interviews is used. The empirical results were then analyzed with the theory in order to contribute with a new figure.Theoreticalperspective:The theory describes how a bank can create a loyal customer over the Internet.

Titel: Kundens val av bank Nivå: C-uppsats i ämnet företagsekonomi Författare: Sanna Westling och Angelica Kjellin Handledare: Lars-Johan Åge Datum: 2012- januari Syfte: Syftet med denna studie är att belysa vilka faktorer som påverkar kunden i valet av bank och jämföra dessa med bankernas syn på vilka faktorer som avgör kundens val av bank. Målet är att presentera ett resultat som kan vara till nytta för bankerna i deras framtida marknadsföring. Metod: En kvantitativt inriktad enkätundersökning har via metoden snowballing spridits till respondenter. Resultat har mätts och presenterats empiriskt via staplar och diagram. Kvalitativa intervjuer har skett med bankerna där resultatet har kopplats till enkätundersökningen och en diskussion förts med kopplingar till teorierna vi presenterat och bearbetat med inhämtad sekundärdata. Resultat & slutsats: Vår studie utmynnade i att de tre viktigaste faktorerna för val av bank är kunskap, kundbehandling och säkerhet. Det visade sig att bankerna var på ungefär samma linje men att det fortfarande finns några kunskapsluckor här att fylla ut. Förslag till fortsattforskning: Vi har bara skrapat på ytan bland alla de orsaker som kan finnas till valet av bank.

This thesis concerns the Swedish credit card market to a younger public and specifically Nordea as a card editor. The purpose is to investigate whether a Swedish bank can, and want to build long term relationships with a young public through credit cards, and if so, how they do this.The theoretical background formulated by researchers Bendapundi and Berry consists of four key factors of relationship maintenance; trust, dependency, dedication and constraint. These key factors are also assembled in an analytical framework. The empirical findings mainly consist of interviews with three employees at Nordea. They describe a recent segmentation of the bank?s customers with the issuing of a new credit card; Mastercard Silver.

In Sweden today almost all people are connected to a bank in some way. It can range from loans, savings, shares, etc. They have a current account where salaries, student aid etc. is paid. Due to the large selection of banks, it has become more important for banks to be competitive in their services to their customers so they don?t change bank.

The vegetation?s impact on erosion control is widely explored, even though research? results are scattered where it suggests a both positive and negative relationship between roots and erosion tendency. Research has measured the roots? impact on erosion by many different methods, hence the aim of this study is to offer a clearance of what factors play an important role in the choice of appropriate species controlling river bank erosion. I have therefore studied 17 articles concerning vegetation and erosion control, which were found in different databases such as: Web of Knowledge, Biological Sciences, Academic Search Elite and Google Scholar.

Course:Business Administration, Master Thesis, Second Level, 30 Credits.Authors:Sara Frännlid and Helena RamstedtTutor:Jim AndersénTitle:Internet, relationships and loyalty ? Best praCtice foR the bankMarketPurpose:The study aims to explain how banks use electronic customer relationship management, eCRM, to create loyal customers. A figure will be created, which will enlighten the factors a bank should focus on when enhancing customer loyalty through the internet. Through interviews with two successful banks is it possible to study how a bank can successfully create loyal customers.Methodology:A qualitative method in terms of semi-structured interviews is used. The empirical results were then analyzed with the theory in order to contribute with a new figure.Theoreticalperspective:The theory describes how a bank can create a loyal customer over the Internet.

There are many different forms of financing for small businesses and two common financing options mentioned in the study, bank loans and Venture Capital.Venture Capital is a form of risk capital financing, investing in unlisted stock market. The feature of the arrangement is that those people are trying to find companies that can offer unique, attractive and in demand products on a strong growing market. Since VC-firms are taking a big risk in cooperation with the investment, the VC-company strong demands while assessments are made on the company will generate a return in the future.Bank loans are the most common form of financing for companies in the market. Requirements and assessment under the law is hard especially for small businesses because financing entails high risks. Banks require that the liquidity management in the enterprise should be stable because the bank's main objective is to repayment of debt and the interest payable on the capital.The purpose of this study is to examine the requirements and assessments VC-firms and banks make use of the financing of small businesses. .

The main purpose of this study was to investigate which enter- and exit barriers that exist on the banking market for small enterprises located within the region of Gotland. The reason was to examine and identify which barriers that could affect the mobility among small enterprise bank customers on the bank market. To identify the barriers, the study was carried out partly by a quantitative survey with 33 small business owners respondents located at three different concentrated small enterprise areas within the region of Gotland. And partly by qualitative interviews that were conducted with two employees at Länsförsäkringar Gotland Bank.The result indicated that the enter barrier mostly depended on the aspect that business owners of small enterprises believed that bank switching were complicated. The business owners did also consider bank switching as time demanding.

In 1930 a new library reform came into force, which in reality was the beginning of the modern Swedish library. The purpose of this reform was to take measures to promote efficiency, for example to increase library co-operation. The Government grants were at the same time raised considerably. However, as early as in 1930, but especially the following year, the depression hit Sweden. The Government reduced the grants until the first half of 1936.

Idag finns det många muslimer i Sverige som inte har ett alternativ vad gäller val av banker som agerar i linje med deras tro där det råder ett förbud mot ränta. Studien ämnar undersöka hur man kan marknadsföra och finansiera en islamisk bank i Sverige, vilka nyckelfaktorer som finns samt vilka som går att använda för en lyckad positionering i den svenska bankmarknaden. Vi har använt oss utav kvantitativa och kvalitativa ansatser genom primär data i form av intervjuer och en enkätstudie. Vi har kombinerat marknadsföringsteorinValue Innovation med finansieringsteorin Bootstrapping i syfte att få en undersökning som är övergripande för hela uppsatsen.Resultaten tyder på att marknadsföringen av en nyetablerad islamisk bank i Sverige bör göras med fokus på att den är i linje med islamiska principer, men även att den följer vissa etiska principer, för att bredda målgruppen till andra än muslimer. Grundfinansieringen bör skötas av utländska investerare på ett sätt som undgår de restriktioner som finns gällande inflöde av utländskt kapital..

Titel: Kundens val av bank Nivå: C-uppsats i ämnet företagsekonomi Författare: Sanna Westling och Angelica Kjellin Handledare: Lars-Johan Åge Datum: 2012- januari Syfte: Syftet med denna studie är att belysa vilka faktorer som påverkar kunden i valet av bank och jämföra dessa med bankernas syn på vilka faktorer som avgör kundens val av bank. Målet är att presentera ett resultat som kan vara till nytta för bankerna i deras framtida marknadsföring. Metod: En kvantitativt inriktad enkätundersökning har via metoden snowballing spridits till respondenter. Resultat har mätts och presenterats empiriskt via staplar och diagram. Kvalitativa intervjuer har skett med bankerna där resultatet har kopplats till enkätundersökningen och en diskussion förts med kopplingar till teorierna vi presenterat och bearbetat med inhämtad sekundärdata. Resultat & slutsats: Vår studie utmynnade i att de tre viktigaste faktorerna för val av bank är kunskap, kundbehandling och säkerhet. Det visade sig att bankerna var på ungefär samma linje men att det fortfarande finns några kunskapsluckor här att fylla ut. Förslag till fortsattforskning: Vi har bara skrapat på ytan bland alla de orsaker som kan finnas till valet av bank.