Over the past twenty years, the cooperation within the European Union (EU) has strengthened and expanded with both more number of Member States and stronger influence on international politics. The unique character of the Union and its ability to enforce peace and humanitarian intervention has attracted attention in political science. This prominent position of the Union is perceived by many scholars who often hold this derived from the Union's influence in international relations. Various terms have been used to define the powers of the Union. The British researcher Ian Manners states that the unique identity of the Union in the international arena is formed by its normative power.  An important policy area within the Union is the environmental cooperation.

Denna magisteruppsats har för avsikt att öka kunskapen kring de varumĂ€rkesstrategier som brukas i varumĂ€rkesportföljer. Uppsatsen undersöker om varumĂ€rkesstrategier Ă€r ett fungerande verktyg i den rationaliserings- samt effektiviseringsprocess som rĂ„der inom dagligvaruhandeln. Åtta kvalitativa intervjuer har genomförts med dryckesansvariga pĂ„ ICA, Coop samt Axfoods butiker i Lund och Helsingborg. Vidare har tre dryckesansvariga pĂ„ centralnivĂ„ intervjuats pĂ„ respektive företag. Undersökningen visade att varumĂ€rkesstrategier har en stor betydelse i den eskalerande konkurrensen om hyllplats.

The aim of this paper is to elucidate and analyze history teacher's didactic choices in the conflict between unequal educational materials and the requirements of equality in the curriculum of Swedish secondary school. The empirical data consists of interviews with five secondary school history teachers, observations of their lessons as well as analysis of their tests. The starting point was to investigate teachers' didactic work in the role as a bridge between the non-equal historiography presented in textbooks in history and the curriculum?s demands for equality. Three different approaches have been observed in the teachers' didactic work when considering gender perspective into their teaching: that women become extensions in a male-dominated historiography; that another part of the story is presented when a gender perspective is considered; and that the gender perspective is included in history teaching and becomes an integral part of all the content of the subject.Several of the teachers acknowledged that gender equality is less prioritized than the courses core content and related assessment criteria.

The purpose of this study is, based on theories of gender and hegemonic masculinity, to studyhow masculinity and femininity is constructed and reproduced in one of the most popularSwedish podcast: Filip & Fredriks podcast. The main theory in this study is that gender issocially created and sustained by humans through language and interaction with others.The study's research questions is: How are gender roles/gender portrayed in Filip & Fredrik'spodcast? What characteristics are attributed to men and women in Filip & Fredrik's podcast?How does Filip & Fredrik's podcast represents conditions and power relations between menand women?Through an linguistic textual analysis, which is an application of discourse analysis, I seek toget beneath the surface meanings of texts and examine more implicit social meanings andideologies regarding gender. It includes an analysis of metaphors, word choices and syntax.The analysis shows underlying values and ideologies that indicates gender structures in abroader societal context. Choice of words and metaphores in Filip & Fredriks's podcastexpresses symbolism where men and male-typical attributes are highly valued, whilst womanand female-typical attributes is being devalued and representative of the opposite.Masculinities and femininities are also constructed and represented in various ways throughsentence constructions that guides the listeners in certain directions.

Kommissionen inledde i februari 2000 en omfattande utredning mot Microsoft baserad pÄ Sun Microsystems klagan om Microsofts konkurrensbegrÀnsande förfaranden 1998. Utredningen bestod av tvÄ delar; interoperabilitet mellan PC-klientoperativsystemsmarknaden och servermarknaden och integrationen av Windows Media Player i Windows. I mars 2004 kom Kommissionens beslut dÀr de drog slutsatsen att Microsoft dubbelt missbrukat en dominerande stÀllning genom att förhindra effektiv konkurrens pÄ arbetsgruppsservermarknaden och bundit sin mediaspelare till sitt operativsystem. Microsoft överklagade Kommissionens beslut till FörstainstansrÀtten och den 17 september 2007 kom domen, vilken i huvudsak bekrÀftade Kommissionens beslut. Mitt syfte i denna uppsats Àr att undersöka den första delen av Kommissionens beslut angÄende interoperabilitet och sedermera FörstainstansrÀttens dom, för att avgöra hur vÀl de dragna slutsatserna överensstÀmmer med praxis, vad prejudikatet kan innebÀra för framtiden samt i vilken mÄn företag kan bli skyldiga att lÀmna ut information.I min analys och de avslutande kommentarerna redogör jag för min slutsats att Kommissionens beslut och FörstainstansrÀttens dom faktiskt Àr skÀliga, men att prejudikatet mÄste vaktas av de exceptionella omstÀndigheter som föreligger i fallet.

Renal dysplasi (RD) is a congenital chronic renal disease affecting young dogs. It is a rather common disease that occurs in a large number of dogs and in some breeds there is a familiar incidence or suspected hereditary background. Both the etiology and pathogenesis are still unknown, but a theory about the cause of RD is that the two components that form the kidney, the uretheric bud and the metanephrogenic blastema, donÂŽt interact normally in the embryo. Kidneys affected by RD contain fetal (immature) structures that are inappropriate for the state of development/age of the dog and abnormal structures caused by an abnormal differentiation. Affected dogs usually are under .

I vÄr kvalitativa undersökning har vi utifrÄn observationer av ett grupparbete studerat elevers interaktion. VÄra forskningsfrÄgor gÀllande roller, förhÄllningssÀtt och kommunikativa strategier har varit grunden för vÄr analys. Vi observerade en grupp elever i Ärskurs 4 vid tvÄ tillfÀllen. Under observationerna anvÀnde vi oss av videokamera och kompletterade med loggboksanteckningar. Filminspelningarna och anteckningarna bearbetades och intressanta sekvenser valdes ut som transkriberades.

Edward Said's book Orientalism (1978) is the most important reference point in the post-colonial theory and describes how the West is dominant over the Orient. There is a clear distinction between "us" and "the other" and the purpose of this study is that, from a postcolonial perspective, focusing on Said's theoretical concepts "the other" and "discourse", examining how two foreign-born people with ethnic backgrounds living in the same place, are looking at themselves, at other foreign-born and native Swedes. My questions to answer this are; ?what are the concepts of "the other" and "discourse" and is it possible to use these concepts to examine how foreign-born people are looking at themselves, at other foreign-born and native Swedes in a specific location??, ?who is "the other" in a place where there are almost as many native Swedes as foreign-born??, and ?how do these two foreign-born people with ethnic backgrounds perceive Norrliden as a place and what effect has that place had on their identity?? I have used a post-colonial philosophical ground and a qualitative approach, focusing on two different interviews with two men, living in Norrliden. In Norrliden almost 50% of the inhabitants are foreign-born were both of the interview-persons are feeling safe and secure.

This qualitative study aimed to examine which discourses can be found within the Child and Adolescent Psychiatry (BUP) and women?s shelters against domestic violence, concerning children that have experienced violence within the family, from two perspectives: the child?s need of father and of protection from violence. The study also aimed to examine which discourses can be found within the organisations concerning children?s well-being, how they define their mission concerning domestic violence and how this can affect the practical work with children that have experienced violence and their parents. The questions that the study aimed to answer were which discourses can be distinguished within BUP and the women?s shelters against domestic violence and how they can affect the different agencies? view of the child?s need and well-being.

Katten Àr ett mycket populÀrt sÀllskapsdjur som blir allt vanligare, framför allt i vÀstvÀrlden. Trots att kattdjur Àr solitÀra djur tenderar mÀnniskan att hysa dem i grupp. Domesticeringen har gjort att katten har minskat i storlek, utvecklat en mÄngfald i pÀlstyper, lÀngd och fÀrger samt blivit mer tolerant för grupphÄllning. För att kommunicera anvÀnder katten auditoriska, visuella, olfaktoriska och taktila signaler och domesticeringsprocessen har förÀndrat kommunikations-mönstret vilket underlÀttar grupplevnad. Domesticerade katter formar grupper efter födotillgÄngen och efter en lÀngre period bildas en relativt stabil grupp.

This study is based on the will to understand the importance of a specific theory within social work. From the concept of neo-liberal governmentality, the aim is to critically examine and discuss how governance and self-governance is manifested in social work methods and interventions, exemplified by the theory cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT). This will be accomplished through an analysis of:? How governance (and self-governance) is manifested in text through the advocacy of CBT and methods based on CBT.? How (governance and) self-governance is manifested in text through the contents of CBT and methods based on CBT. The study has a deductive approach including the hypothesis that the discourses inherent in social work methods and interventions, exemplified by the theory of CBT and methods based on CBT, may be related to the West?s development of a neo-liberal concept of governance.

In each classroom there is a teacher with good intentions wanting whatÂŽs best for their pupils. But grades and tests in mathematics from 2009 in Sweden shows there is a crack between the subject being taught and the learning child. The purpose with this research is to find an understanding from a teaching and learning perspective of which teaching method is more suitable for teaching and learning mathematics by doing a comparison between two methods. The main question is:What are the advantages and disadvantages of the traditional and the laboratory method of teaching, supported by the two keywords teaching method and learning?This C-paper is based on a qualitative research aiming to gather an in-depth understanding of human behavior.

To design new and high tech products the engineers rely more and more on computer based simulations to investigate the properties and behavior for a component or system.To verify these computer based simulations the dynamic properties for the components of the drivetrain needs to be verified. Therefore measurements of the stiffness and vibrations for the rear axle has been performed. This report show how the measurements has been implemented and evaluated, along with some interesting results for the rear axles properties.The static stiffness for the drive shaft along with the axle-gear has been determined. It is found that the stiffness for the whole rear axle is near the stiffness for the drive shaft, which means that the drive shaft becomes the dominant component of the system and affects the rear axle stiffness the most. The measured stiffness of the driveshaft is close to its theoretical stiffness.The stiffness for solely the hypoid-gear have been calculated using the stiffness for the rear axle and driveshaft, and thus has a range for the stiffness of the hypoid gear been determined.The backlash for the whole rear axle and for some individual components has been determined, where the backlash between pinion and crown-wheel has negligible impact on the total backlash.Measurements of the crown-wheel and pinion movements have been conducted, where the direction of movement is consistent with the theoretical direction of the forces.The vibration measurements show that the vibrations are more severe at certain rotational speeds.

Lean a?r en modern verksamhetsstrategi som har sin bakgrund i bilindustrin men a?r idag a?ven dominant bland svenska industrifo?retag samt offentlig verksamhet. Da? lean anpassas utifra?n varje enskild organisation finns det oa?ndligt ma?nga definitioner av begreppet. Relativt lite forskning a?r idag gjord pa? hur strategin pa?verkar de ansta?llda i organisationer som arbetar med strategin.

This essay aims to describe and problematize gender roles and master suppression techniques in Stephenie Meyer?s Twilight Saga. This is done in order to enable me, in my future profession as a teacher, to start an emancipatory discussion in class where pupils can become conscious of different ways of reading the love story. I will use the following two research questions to fulfil the purpose: 1) investigate which gender roles that appears in the book?s main characters Bella and Edward and 2) which master suppression techniques that colours their relationship.To answer the questions gender theory and ideology-critics are used.