?Extended-spectrum ?-lactamases? (ESBL) är idag ett stort problem inom humanmedicinen men börjar även skapa problem inom veterinärmedicinen. ESBL-produktion hos bakterier medför resistens mot cefalosporiner av 3:e generationen, som är viktiga antibiotika mot infektioner med gramnegativa bakterier. Resistensen är överförbar mellan bakterier, och spridning från djur till människor kan ske. Ofta är bakterier med ESBL-produktion samtidigt resistenta mot flera andra grupper av antibiotika.

This master thesis has been performed at Sectra Communications AB in Linköping where they manufacture electronic encryption devices. In cryptology it is essential that an eavesdropper cannot find the plain text. To assure that a system is safe, all devices are thoroughly examined so that they don?t emit any secret information, so called Compromising Emanations (CE). This is done by comparing the secret signal with measured signals on the screen of an oscilloscope, a process that is very time consuming and furthermore, the risk of missing compromising emanations is high.

The purpose of this thesis was to examine the ways in which the constructions of heterosexuality and gender in three Disney movies about princesses affect the power relations between men and women in the movies, and how discourses on gender and heterosexuality have changed over time. Research questions were:How do characters in the movies talk about gender and heterosexuality?How does the interplay between gender and heterosexuality affect the power relations between men and women in the movies?What are the likenesses and differences between movies from different time periods?Discourses were mapped out using a model based on Ernesto Laclau and Chantal Mouffe?s political theories. These discourses were then analyzed with a theoretical framework consisting of Yvonne Hirdman?s concept of gender system and gender contracts, Judith Butler?s view on the heterosexual matrix and an understanding of power relations based on Michel Foucault.

SUMMARYInventory of raw materials holds an important role in companies within the manufacturingsector. The inventory works as a buffer that secure the supply of materials to the productionunit. The aim of the inventory is to ensure that the company is able to meet the customers?demands despite fluctuations and variations in the material flow. The size of the warehouseand the layout are physical limitations for the quantity of articles that can be stored.

SUMMARYInventory of raw materials holds an important role in companies within the manufacturingsector. The inventory works as a buffer that secure the supply of materials to the productionunit. The aim of the inventory is to ensure that the company is able to meet the customers?demands despite fluctuations and variations in the material flow. The size of the warehouseand the layout are physical limitations for the quantity of articles that can be stored.

SUMMARYInventory of raw materials holds an important role in companies within the manufacturingsector. The inventory works as a buffer that secure the supply of materials to the productionunit. The aim of the inventory is to ensure that the company is able to meet the customers?demands despite fluctuations and variations in the material flow. The size of the warehouseand the layout are physical limitations for the quantity of articles that can be stored.

This essay consists of a heuristic analysis of referents in the Swedish educational act, leaning on the methodological guidelines of discourse analysis. The overall aim of the essay has been to analyse in what way language in the educational act works as guidelines and law in relation to teachers? work. To correspond to this aim an openly structured questionnaire has been used, providing an empirical view of how teachers understand certain words, or referents, in the educational act. This empirical data has then been shaped to a spectrum view of the definitions of the referents showing a number of deductable facts, including the significance of the apparent use of institutional and professional language, which then have been viewed from two theoretical perspectives.

Utifrån arbetsmodellen Learning study, med variationsteorin som utgångspunkt har forskning genomförts i två klasser i Sverige med syftet att försöka identifiera kritiska aspekterna för elever i årskurs nio inom ämnesområdet det vita ljuset och dess färgspektrum. Studien är en vidareutveckling av en tidigare genomförd studie i Hong Kong och har därför även haft till syfte att undersöka om de identifierade kritiska aspekterna är generaliserbara från en skolkontext till en annan kontext.Den svenska skolan styrs nationellt utifrån styrdokument, skollag, läroplan och kursplan för skolämnet och läraren har även riktlinjer för att få en yrkesetisk förankring. Dessa delar är viktiga att läraren tar i beaktning inför planering av undervisningen. Elevernas bakgrund och förkunskaper i ämnet är av stor vikt för läraren att ta hänsyn till för att de ska kunna ta till sig undervisningen om det som läraren har tänkt att de ska lära sig.I denna studie kunde åtta kritiska aspekter identifieras i de två klasser som undersökningen genomfördes i. Fem av de kritiska aspekterna var redan identifierade i Hong Kong.

SUMMARYInventory of raw materials holds an important role in companies within the manufacturingsector. The inventory works as a buffer that secure the supply of materials to the productionunit. The aim of the inventory is to ensure that the company is able to meet the customers?demands despite fluctuations and variations in the material flow. The size of the warehouseand the layout are physical limitations for the quantity of articles that can be stored.

SUMMARYInventory of raw materials holds an important role in companies within the manufacturingsector. The inventory works as a buffer that secure the supply of materials to the productionunit. The aim of the inventory is to ensure that the company is able to meet the customers?demands despite fluctuations and variations in the material flow. The size of the warehouseand the layout are physical limitations for the quantity of articles that can be stored.

The aim of this paper is to empirically examine the ideological trends and positioning of the Swedish liberal party with the Danish social liberal party. This paper also aims to analyze the reasons behind the trends. By examine the development in these two Nordic liberal sisterparties, this paper contributes to our understanding of why and how party change is initiated. The paper commences with an intuitive notion that the Swedish party has in fact, made a lurch towards the right, during the past ten to fifteen years while the Danish party has retained their social-liberal position in the centre of the Danish political spectrum. The questions then asked are: can this hypothesis be verified empirically? If so, how can this phenomenon of divergence, be explained?The method used in this thesis is process-tracing and the empirical material does to a large extent rely on interviews with central agents as they are specified in the theory of each party.

Bakgrund: Autismspektrumtillst?nd (AST) k?nnetecknas av brister i social kommunikation och interaktion samt begr?nsade och repetitiva beteenden och intressen, ofta med p?verkan p? perception, lek och fantasi. Symtomen m?ste ha varit tydliga tidigt i utvecklingen f?r att diagnosen ska kunna st?llas (APA, 2013), vilket kan medf?ra betydande utmaningar i vardagliga situationer och sociala sammanhang.? Syfte: Att beskriva f?r?ldrars erfarenheter av att leva med barn inom autismspektrumtillst?nd (AST). Metod: En litteratur?versikt genomf?rdes utifr?n tio kvalitativ, vetenskapliga originalartiklar publicerades 2015?2025.

Förekomsten av bakterier med olika typer av resistensmekanismer ökar globalt. De varianter som på engelska benämns ?Extended spectrum ?-lactamases? (ESBL) är en heterogen grupp ?- laktamaser som genom hydrolys inaktiverar ?-laktamantibiotika och därigenom ger resistens mot bland annat ? -laktamantibiotika som penicilliner och cefalosporiner. Resistensbestämning på kliniska laboratorier utförs huvudsakligen med lappdiffusion eller Minimum Inhibiting Concentration (MIC)-bestämning med gradienttester. Infektioner orsakade av ESBL-producerande organismer kan behandlas med ?-laktamantibiotika kombinerat med en ?-laktamasinhibitor.

The objective of this research is to unveil how respective teacher consider about the laboratory working methods in mathematics. The research even includes answers to questions such as, what approaches and attitudes the teachers have and the methods they use when instructing their students when teaching mathematics, what the materials used by the teachers are and how important working creatively is to help the students develop their logical thinking. I also looked into issues that can help understand how and why teachers use laboratory mathematics for students in young ages. As a conclusion the research showed that the teachers aim to the goal that includes helping the students understand mathematics, strengthen their logical thinking and creativity.In the method section qualitative data was used, which contained four interviews with different pedagogues that daily interact with students in elementary school. The reasons for using the method of qualitative data was to help me deeper understand and answer the specific questions I had to the pedagogues and to even compare how different pedagogues differ in their approaches and methods.

Antibiotikaresistens är idag ett viktigt globalt folkhälsoproblem. Ifall vi förlorar antibiotika som skydd mot bakteriella infektioner kommer det att påverka både samhälle och individ i form av ökade samhällskostnader och för individen en ökad morbiditet och mortalitet. Den viktigaste orsaken till uppkomst och spridning av resistens är användning, däribland felaktig användning, av antibiotika vilket selekterar för resistensutveckling. En annan faktor som bidrar till en ökad resistensutveckling är att samma typer av antibiotika används inom flera sektorer: inom human- och veterinärmedicin såväl som inom djuruppfödning och jordbruk. Resistens inom en sektor kan spridas vidare till en annan, till exempel kan resistenta bakterier spridas från djur till människa genom direkt eller indirekt kontakt.