The aim of the study was to describe how nurses experience to handle the alcohol issues among young people and how they can identify young people?s alcohol problems, abuse and dependence. Empirical articles were searched in the databases Cinahl, Medline(Pubmed) and Discovery and resulted in the inclusion of 14 scientific articles. The results showed that nurses find it difficult to raise the issues of alcohol with young people, this partly because they feel that they have too little knowledge and that it is an emotional issue to raise. There is help instruments available that nursing staff can use to raise this issues and to identify alcohol problems, abuse and dependence.

Revision används som ett medel för att utomstående intressenter, exempelvis aktieägare, ska få en kvalitetsstämpel på den information som förmedlas av ett företags ledning. Om revisorerna vill påpeka någonting angående företagets redovisning eller förvaltning utfärdar de en så kallad oren revisionsberättelse. I denna studie undersöker vi om denna orena revisionsberättelse får någon effekt på företagets aktiekurs. Den problemformulering som besvaras är:Har en oren revisionsberättelse någon effekt på svenska publika företags aktiekurser?Tidigare forskning på området har nästan enbart genomförts i utlandet.

Studiens syfte var att utifrån ett professions perspektiv, undersöka samverkan mellan idrottslärare och sjukgymnaster, i förhållande till idrottsundervisning för elever med funktionsnedsättning. Syftet var också att belysa vilka konsekvenser denna samverkan har för elevers delaktighet i ämnet idrott och hälsa enligt idrottslärare och sjukgymnaster.  Kvalitativa intervjuer genomfördes med fem idrottslärare och fem sjukgymnaster. Intervjuerna transkriberades, analyserades innehållsmässigt och kategoriserades. Bearbetningen mynnade ut i 15 teman som beskriver idrottslärarnas respektive sjukgymnasternas subjektiva uppfattningar om idrottsundervisning för elever med funktionsnedsättning, om respektive profession uppdrag/förväntningar samt om samverkan mellan idrottslärare och sjukgymnast.

The aim of this thesis is to examine the archivist's professional role in public authorities and discuss if, and in what way, the profession is effected by the new swedish process oriented archival description system. The study focuses on swedish authorities and does not make any international comparisons with other institutions. Neither does it investigate archivists workingin the private sector, but centers on public institutions.The survey is performed in five swedish public authorities, using interviews and observations. Grounded theory is used as a method initially in the purpose of keeping an open mark towards the object of study. The initial results led on to questions about how well the archivists perceived that communication within the authorities served, and how this in turn prepossessed their work situation and the professional roles in which they found themselves.

The objective of this work was to introduce measures to reduce energy and water demand at Gävle Söder 17:10. To succeed, this energy audit has been made. The work is based on collected statistics from the property owner Norrporten, measurements, literature review and through consultation with experts in the field. Two models, one for each building, have been created in the simulation program BV2 to estimate the potential of energy measures based on the collected information. The models in BV2 have been verified against the statistics of the energy consumption.With the help of calculations and simulations, seven cost-effective measures have been identified.

The aim of this study was to explore whether the patients? expectations of physiotherapy correspond with the physiotherapists? view of their own professional role. Two separate questionnaires were used, one to the patients and one to the physiotherapists, which questions were able to compare. Totally 41 patients and 6 physiotherapists answered the questionnaires. The low number of answers from the physiotherapists made it impossible to fulfil the purpose.

En lagändring har gjorts i Sverige vars syfte är att små och medelstora företag har frivillig revision om de ligger under eller endast uppfyller ett av följande tre gränsvärden: (1) 3 miljoner kronor i nettoomsättning, (2) 1,5 miljoner kronor i balansomslutning eller (3) fler än tre anställda. Eftersom lagändringen är relativt ny, medför det att företag i dagsläget precis har avslutat eller är inne i en beslutsprocess angående den frivilliga revisionen.Beslutsfattande är något som ständigt pågår i alla former av organiserad mänsklig verksamhet och dagligen förekommer det i alla organisationer ett beslutsfattande både när det gäller rutinfrågor till mer komplexa beslut. Genom mänsklighetens historia har människan strävat efter att få kontroll över resultaten av sina beslut, öka förutsägbarheten samt minska riskerna. När beslut fattas i företag måste även hänsyn tas till en rad förhållanden som är direkt kopplat till den organisatoriska kontexten för handlandet.Syftet med denna uppsats är att undersöka hur och på vilka grunder företagen har fattat beslut vid valet av att anlita en revisor eller inte, samt analysera beslutsprocessen ur ett beslutsteoretiskt perspektiv. Följande problemformulering ligger till grund för denna studie:Vad kännetecknar ett företag som anser sig ha behov av revision trots att kravet på revision inte är tvingande?På vilka grunder är beslutet fattat?Undersökningen ska bidra till en djupare kunskap och förståelse om hur besluten fattats och hur beslutsprocessen gått till.

Auditor independence is a subject that has been discussed frequently over the past decade. The meaning of auditor independence is complex and contains both independence of mind and independence in appearance. The environment must perceive the auditor as independent if the audited information is to have any value for the users of the audited statements. The aim of this Master?s thesis is to examine how auditors can manifest their independence.

In our bachelor thesis we have strived to examine the representation of journalism students in Nicaragua. The freedom of press is much lower compared to Sweden and the journalist profession is protected by a certificate. It is also a high level of corruption within the country. Our investigation concerns who has access to the journalist education and the goal is to compare that with the public in Nicaragua. To be able to examine the representation among the journalism students we have chosen seven different aspects to examine, the sex of the student, witch social class they belong to, their academic background, religion, ethnicity, geographical belonging and political view.

A webpage can be perfectly usable but if users are unable to find the webpage it will remain unused. Nine out of ten Swedes use a search engine and the most popular one is Google, amongst other search engines. In this report I seek to answer which ranking factors that should be included in an SEO-audit of an existing webpage and also how to optimize a webpage for search engines. Applying the method heuristic evaluation normally used to discover usability issues in an existing interface, on TT News Agency?s campaign site I found issues having a negative impact on the visibility in Search Engines Page Results.

Att verka som chef i en kulturorganisation är en komplex uppgift. Organisationen har oftabegränsade resurser och institutionella normer, vilket kan verka hämmande för chefers ochmedarbetares kreativitet. Syftet med uppsatsen är ta reda på vilka förutsättningar som behövsför att lyckas i sitt ledarskap i en kulturorganisation. Detta genom att undersöka hur chefer påGöteborgs stads Kulturförvaltning upplever sina förutsättningar att klara sitt arbete.Det teoretiska ramverk som används för att få en fördjupad förståelse kring uppsatsens syftehar framförallt handlat om ledarskapets förutsättningar, samt kulturorganisationers krav ochmotsättningar i ett ledarperspektiv. Materialet till studien har samlats in genom intervjuer medchefer samt personer på personalavdelningen inom Göteborgs stad Kulturförvaltning.

The final stage of a designers work is always a bit tricky. Design is an abstract phenomenon and no one can tell when a design is really finished. The design process that designers work within has been thoroughly studied but cannot be truly mapped with strict constraints which the designer can follow to succeed. Therefore, in this paper we take a look at the final stage in the design process. The main goal is to get more knowledge and highlight key factors about what designers face when they are about finish their design or what forces them to leave a project that can stay in development for eternity.

Since Sweden became a member of the European Union (EU) several constitutional reforms has been taking place. During this time, Sweden has also changed its view on democracy,from a collective to an individual perspective of democracy in the politics. A reasonable hypothesis and the purpose of this essay is to investigate if the Swedish government has beendeveloped towards an Europeanization.The Swedish state audit changed in a pioneering way after the EU- entry, with the formation of Riksrevisionen. Another constitutional change is that the Swedish EU- membership is being instituted in the Swedish constitution. The role of Swedish courts has also changed since the EU- entry.

This paper will portray the differences and similarities that exist between students whoattended the Swedish School of Library and Information Science in Borås.The study is based upon quantitative information gathered from a survey which wasdistributed to first-year students in Borås in the auturnn term 1994. A total of 77 studentsresponded to the survey.We also do a comparative study of the students at all the library programs in Sweden.This is partially based on the findings by a thesis prior to this one by the authorsSvalstedt and Österdahl.We found that the students in Borås differ mainly in their personal histories and backgrounds.When it comes to their attitudes towards the profession and educationalmatters they are similar. Further we found the same to be tme in our comparison of thelibrary programs in total..

Nursing and care for the pregnant bitch and her neonatal puppies is an important part of the animal nursing profession either if it concerns normal reproductionphysiology, pregnancies, diseases or complications at home of the animalowner. This piece of work gives a guidance of what a Veterinary nurse at a clinic should have in mind while given treatments, complications and normal physiology with the bitch and her neonatal puppies in order to be able to perform a professional cooperation with the veterinary surgeon at emergency teatmentcases and to make the animal owners satisfied with enough knowledge to answer their questions about the subject..