1997 kom riksdagen med ett förslag om att genomföra ett teknikskifte inom Sveriges marksända TV-distribution. Teknikskiftet skulle innebära att de analoga TV-sändningarna via marknätet skulle ersättas med digitala TV-sändningar och övergången skulle därför bidra med en mängd ekonomiska och tekniska fördelar. Digital-TV-sändningar erbjöds sedan tidigare av ett fåtal TV-distributörer men skulle nu bli något som fler TV-konsumenter skulle få tillgång till.Digital-TV-övergången är nu i full gång och påverkar såväl konsumenter som distributörer av digital-TV produkter och tjänster. Syftet med uppsatsen är att undersöka hur två digital-TV-distributörer anpassar sin marknadsföring för att stärka relationer till befintliga kunder och skapa relationer till nya kunder. Uppsatsen fokuserar på huruvida distributörerna tillämpar transaktionsmarknadsföring eller relationsmarknadsföring och hur den rådande digital-TV-övergången påverkar marknadsföringen.Teorier bakom relationsmarknadsföring fokuserar bland annat på relationen mellan leverantör och kund och detta är det centrala temat i uppsatsen.

Diversity of ground beetles (Col: Carabidae) in managed riparian grasslands. The carabid community in moist seminatural grasslands was studied at three different sites in mid-Sweden. Pitfall trapping was carried out during six weeks in spring and early summer 2003. Eight transects, each containing seven pitfall traps, were placed in three different management regimes, either late or continous grazing, or meadow. The species composition was analysed by ordination analyses, i.e. DCA and CCA.

AbstractWe are facing a century of rapid change in climate, with significant challenges in managing the impact of changes in living conditions for plants and animals. We can already see the responses of species through changes in phenology and spatial distribution, which may change ecosystem structure and function, with subsequent effect on ecosystem services and biological diversity. In Sweden, between 2005 and 2010, the red-listed species has increased by 13 % and similar trends can be seen across the world, making it difficult to attain national and international environmental objectives of preserving biodiversity. One way to reduce the loss of biodiversity is to protect nature from exploitation by allocating valuable areas as nature reserves, but climate change affects protected areas just as much as other landscapes and therefore requires elaborate systems of protection to facilitate species' survival. The paper has examined  how the decisions and management plans for nature reserves in Sweden have been followed-up and whether they are climate adapted or not by examining 30 nature reserves, classified as newly formed (2012), recently revised (2009-2011) and older (1977-2007) reserves, and assessed what is in the decisions and management plans for follow-up, revision, long-term goals and documentation.

Nordsken är en spelfestival vars mål är att visa upp spel- och nördhobbyn för allmänheten. Besökare erbjuds turneringar och prova-på i en mängd olika dator- samt bordsspel. Utöver spel bjuder Nordsken in olika föreningar, företag och föreläsare som berättar om och visar upp det bästa från spel- och nördhobbyn. Nordsken 2013 samlade 600 deltagare och drygt 1500 dagsbesökare under tre dagar för att spela spel och umgås med likasinnade.Som ansvariga för Nordskens nätverk hade vi som uppgift att sätta upp, konfigurera och övervaka nätverket under hela evenemanget samt agera support vid behov.Inför Nordsken gjordes en planering som innehöll genomgång av gammal dokumentation, inköp av server, hyra av switchar samt utplacering av dessa enheter i lokalen. Efter att vi skapat en logisk topologi för nätverket började vi konfigurera switcharna, accesspunkterna och servrarna.Nätverket delades upp i tre lager, core, distribution och access, där switcharna inom varje lager konfigurerades beroende på dess placering och koppling.

SUMMARYThe riding school horse is the base for the riding school. Riding schools are looking for a suitable horse that meets their demands for exterior, age, education, temperament, price and sustainability. Many different aspects may define the sustainability of the riding school horse; of them is how long life the riding school horse has in riding school activity. Previous studies have shown that the riding schools requirements are 8-12 years life span in the riding school.The purpose of this study was to describe the Swedish riding school horse life span in riding schools and at what age the riding school horses were recruited, disposed and the reasons for disposal. Information about the riding school horse life span in riding schools and reasons for disposal can provide important understanding regarding the importance of health for the riding school horse, riding school economy and profitability in the riding school.

Karin Holmkvist (2014) Sleep, meals and physical activity among professional drivers during the day with work and spare time. Master?s thesis in health at work. University of Gävle. Night work and irregular work hours affects social and biological rhythms in activity, eating, sleep and metabolism. Researchshows how theworking conditions andworking hours affect professional drivers´ lifestyle and there is a negative impact on their health.

In many biomedical contexts, e. g. when evaluating hearing disorders, the data obtained can be described as pairs (x1, y1), ?, (xn, yn) where x is a quantitative variable and y a 0/1 variable whose probability of taking the value 1 is a monotonic function of x. One way of analysing such data is to perform probit regression; thereby two parameters, b0 (= the constant) and b1 (= the slope) are estimated; the interest centres around m = -b0/b1, i.

Försvarsmakten sköter praktiskt taget all distribution av drivmedel till de interna kunderna. Inom Försvarsmakten finns planer om att undersöka om detta drivmedelsarbete sköts effektivast inom försvaret, eller om externa leverantörer kan göra det bättre. Innan beslut tas skall det undersökas hur det går till i nuläget samt vilka förbättringar som kan göras på det egna arbetet. Resultatet av detta skall sen tas med vid jämförelsen med de externa leverantörernas förslag. Detta projekt beskriver hur drivmedelsarbetet sköts inom Försvarsmaktens logistik.

This MSc thesis is divided into two parts. The first part deals with the need for information from forest campartments selected for clear cutting, in connection with planning in an integrated forest- and sawmill enterprise. A review of literature is followed by a case stud y, where present conditions in a Swedish forest company are compared with current research in the area. The seeond part consists of a simulation stud y, which aims at camparing the accuracy of inventory estimates using different methods. The estimates are delivery forecasts, covering one month consumptian of timber in a large sawmill.

One must consider cost effectiveness when deciding how resources within the health sector should be distributed. Quality adjusted life years (QALYs) are used to measure the value of different medical treatments. QALY is based on utility maximization theory, which suggests that a QALY is always a QALY regardless of who receives it. Therefore, a produced QALY is worth the same regardless of the age or the initial health of the patient. Previous research has shown that these assumptions do not seem to fit the real preferences of individuals.

Present essay aims to introduce the reader to central topics regarding Rhododendrons of subgenus Vireya. As a result of a donation, the Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, received a collection of Vireya from a local amateur grower, Kurt Myllenberg. Since the subgenus Vireya is uncommon in Scandinavian horticulture, the study tries to establish conditions for successful growing. The subgenus Vireya differ from the other Rhododendron species through mainly three characteristics: the presence of two tails, attached to each end of the seed; the ovary-style junction is tapering and the pedicels arises directly from a dome-like base and form an umbel and not a raceme. The subgenus is distributed mostly in the islands of Indonesia and New Guinea, but also from Malaysia to Nepal and in Australia. Since Vireya species mainly grows as epiphytes in the tree canopies, they need high drainage and not too much water.

 Företag tenderar idag att växa ur sina egna marknader. Detta gäller även de svenska modeföretagen. För att kunna expandera och bygga en image kring märket strävar många modemärken efter att komma till den japanska marknaden. Japan beskrivs som en komplex marknad där både vår kultur och affärssynsätt skiljer sig markant. Sverige ligger i framkant när det gäller den kvinnliga kulturen medan Japan är vår motsats då den beskrivs som väldigt mansdominerad. Trots den till synes moderna och välutvecklade marknaden är Japan ett mycket konservativt land i många avseenden. De kulturella skillnaderna och oliktänkandet vid affärer gör att det kan uppstå problem vid samarbeten så som återförsäljning. Syftet med arbetet är att fastställa och finna svar på de problem som kan uppkomma vid export till Japan.

I Sverige har en ny lag om virkesmätning trätt i kraft där sortimentet trädbränsle numera ingår. Värmeverken som är stora förbrukare av trädbränsle ställer olika krav på trädbränslets kvalitet. Kvaliteten styrs av vilken förbränningsteknik som värmeverket använder. Generellt brukar kvalitetskraven för bränsleflis indelas i värmevärde, askhalt, homogenitet, fukthalt samt fraktionsfördelning. Fraktionsfördelningen har på senare tid visat sig vara av allt större betydelse för värmeverken men trots detta utgör den idag inte någon betalningsgrund.

It has become fairly common for a company to outsource one or several of its logistic activities to a party separate from the business of the company itself. Since the original agreement usually involves two parties, the seller and the buyer, the logistics company is called the third party. The relationship between the outsourcing company and the third party varies in form and in depth but can sometimes be very close, almost to be considered a joint venture. When the co-operation between the two parties includes more than just one separate logistic service and the third party adapts its business to a certain extent to his principals needs, it constitutes third party logistics. If the logistics company, or a party employed by it, becomes insolvent when having the entrusted goods in his possession questions may arise concerning the right to the property.

Nature conservation on certified small private forest owners- a comparison between the two certification systems FSC and PEFC in southern Sweden Today two different certification systems are used in Sweden to certify forest, FSC (Forest Stewardship Council) and PEFC (Pan European Forest Certification). During the last years certification of forests in general and different certification systems have frequently been debated. FSC is a globally widespread system and about 10 million ha out of 23 million ha Swedish forest is FSC-certified. The FSC-standard is mainly used by major forest companies and to some extent also by smaller private forest owners. PEFC is a European system and about 2 million ha Swedish forests is PEFC-certified today.