Sahlgrenska Academyat University of GothenburgDepartment of Internal Medicine and Clinical NutritionAbstractTitle: Artificial sweeteners in beverage and their effecton hunger and energy intakeAuthor: Sofia Andersson and Sofia JakobssonSupervisor: Heléne Bertéus ForslundExaminer: Anna WinkvistProgramme: Dietician study programme, 180/240 ECTSType of paper: Examination paper, 15 hpDate: April 11, 2012BackgroundIn 2010 the total consumption of soft drinks in Sweden was estimated to 69 litres per person and17 % of the domestic production was estimated to consist of soft drinks sweetened with artificialsweeteners. The effects of artificial sweeteners on hunger is not yet fully understood. It isspeculated that they might increase hunger and hence increase energy intake.ObjectiveThe aim was to compile the evidence regarding the effects of an intake of a beverage sweetenedwith artificial sweeteners compared to sucrose on subsequent hunger and energy intake.Search strategyA systematic search for literature was performed in the databases PubMed and Scopus.Selection criteriaThe inclusion criteria were RCT, human studies, articles published in Swedish or English, studieson healthy adults and studies measuring hunger with a subjective scale or energy intake. Theexclusion criteria were studies who measured energy intake under other forms than standardisedor controlled, studies without a standardised dose of the beverage and articles needed to beordered against payment.Data collection and analysisFour articles were selected and examined according to a template developed by SBU. Theevidence for each outcome was weighed together and graded according to GRADE based on asummarised evidence form developed by the Sahlgrenska Academy.Main resultsAll four articles measured subjectively rated hunger.

As artificial intelligence (AI) has gained more influence in recruitment, both recruitment processes and the role of the recruiter are changing. This study aims to describe and analyze how recruiters translate, use, and relate to AI in their work. Through a qualitative method based on semi-structured interviews and document analysis, the study explores recruiters? experiences, attitudes, as well as perceived obstacles and opportunities regarding the use of AI in recruitment. With a theoretical foundation in translation theory, fashion, and imitation, the study examines how AI is not only followed as a trend, but also shaped and adapted locally through translation, depending on organizational identity and needs.

Bakgrund och problem: En av de mest betydelsefulla diskussionerna idag ?r artificiell intelligens. En yrkesroll som p?verkas i takt med tekniken ?r controllers. Tidigare har denna yrkesroll beskrivits som diffus och bred, vilket har bidragit till dagens uppfattning att yrkesrollen ?r av en komplex karakt?r.

Sedan 1981 har ledarutbildningen UGL (Utveckling av Grupp och Ledare) varit en grundkurs för blivande officerare och är idag ett mycket använt koncept även inom näringsliv och offentlig förvaltning. Kursens mål är i enlighet med inbjudan bl.a. att få ökad förmåga att arbeta med reflektion, förstå känslors inverkan, kunna ta och ge utvecklande feedback, förstå hur värderingar påverkar ledarskap samt förstå behovet av olika ledarstilar. Syftet med föreliggande studie var att undersöka om det förelåg skillnad i följande variabler: ledarintelligens (emotionell, rationell och själslig intelligens), självkänsla (bas-, förvärvad och prestationsinriktad) och personlighetsdrag före resp. efter deltagande i UGL.

Artificiell intelligens (AI) har diskuterats filosofiskt under lång tid. I och med datorns uppkomst och utveckling har dock nya filosofiska grenar framkommit. Den filosofiska AI:n syftar ofta att modellera människans kognitiva förmågor. AI är inte bara ett filosofiskt ämne utan andra områden har även ett intresse av AI. Med hjälp av avancerade system som till exempel expertsystem, artificiella neurala nätverk (ANN) samt viss robotik kan datorn och dess mjukvara tillämpas i allt mer avancerade och kommersiella situationer.

En hög levnadsstandard och materiell välfärd är ingen garanti för att människor är lyckliga och tillfredsställda med sina liv. Förmågan att ta hjälp av våra känslor kan också påverka vår syn på livet. Emotionell intelligens (EI) - förmågan att identifiera och hantera emotioner - har visat sig ha en positiv inverkan på livstillfredsställelse. Syftet med denna studie var att undersöka detta samband utifrån fyra EI-förmågor: uppfatta och använda emotioner samt hantera egna och andras emotioner. Vidare syftade studien till att undersöka om kön, ålder och utbildning har betydelse för EI.

Med vårt examensarbete har vi undersökt EQ, emotionell intelligens, som fenomen och dess innebörd på klassrumsklimatet. Vi har fått ta del av elevers tankar och upplevelser kring emotionell träning i klassrummet samt vilken betydelse de anser att emotionell träning i klassrummet har. Vi har utfört ett projekt i en femteklass, där vi rent praktiskt har arbetat med emotionell träning. Vi har utfört en kvalitativ studie med intervjuer och observationer. Vår slutsats är att eleverna har fått ett positivt förhållningssätt till emotionell träning och att de ser positivt på ett fortsatt arbete i ämnet. Vårt resultat pekar på att inga specifika skillnader kan urskiljas i klassrumsklimatet eller i klassen som grupp, däremot har vi observerat märkbara förändringar hos den enskilde individen.

EU law is superior to Swedish domestic law, and it is on Sweden's responsibility to implement the COJ judgments so that it becomes compatible with EU law. The advantage of the Union being superior is the internal market given the member states.However, problems arise when the Swedish legislature goes further in its interpretation of EU law. Restrictions can be imposed but it must be considered to be strongly motivated so the restriction outweighs the need to maintain the freedoms granted by EU law. In Cadbury Schweppes, the court states that restrictions on freedom of establishment may be done to counter artificial arrangements whose sole purpose is to evade the national tax. Its further stated that an artificial arrangement does not exist in those cases there is a real business, even through the establishment in the low-taxing country is economically justified. The Swedish CFC rules states that the general rule is that if an establishment in a country within the EEA, which have lower corporate tax than 55% of the Swedish tax, the shareholder of this company is taxed on its current share in Sweden. The outcome of Cadbury Schweppes has not been made into a general rule, it became the exception. In addition to that in Sweden it is presumed that the company is an artificial arrangement that expressly are prohibited by the EUD, as well been implemented to supplement the rule, where the Swedish legislature changes the meaning of the term granted by the appeal. The Swedish legislature has amended the original economically motivated establishment, to be commercially motivated. The term is undefined, but applicable elsewhere in the Incometaxlaw and from this one can find that, for an establishment to be considered as commercially motivated the decisions to establish should be taken to promote normal profit-making enterprises based upon commercially motivated decisions..

This study was made to compare and distinguish any differences in olfactory recognition and host plant adaptation between two strains of cotton leaf worm, Spodoptera littoralis. The populations used were established in Egypt and Benin, Africa. The documentation consisted of information about (1) each of the strains development through the larval stage up to pupation on diets of cotton, clover and cowpea. (2) Their oviposition preferences as adults between cotton, clover, cowpea, maize and cabbage. (3) Electroantennographic recordings to quantify any possible responses to plant volatiles. Throughout the diet experiments the larvae from the Benin strain showed significantly a better development between artificial, clover, cowpea and cotton respectively, while the Egypt strain had significance between artificial, cotton and cowpea/clover as diet. Also noted was how the strains substantial development of weight differentiated if fed the cotton diet, followed by the cowpea diet showing that the Benin strain would develop a higher body mass on a cotton diet as well as on a cowpea diet. This trend was however switched once the pupal stage was reached, where the Egyptian strain contained a significantly greater body mass than the Benin strain on the artificial and the Benin strain a greater on cowpea, which suggests that in the end, the Benin strain develops significantly better on cowpea while the Egypt strain develops better on an artificial diet. During the oviposition experiment that both stains showed a clear difference in hierarchy of host plants considered suitable for oviposition, where the Egyptian strain is significantly more attracted to clover than the Benin strain. Also showed with electroantennographic recordings and significant values was the higher sensitivity the Egypt strain had towards (E)2-hexenal, (E/Z)-b-ocimene, (Z)-3-hexenyl acetate, Nonanal, (-)-linalool and ?-myrcene when compared to the responses from the Benin strain..

This case study is based on a previous documented method of manufacturing artificial nest containing pre-colored hen eggs. This method is going to be used to find, if the wild boar population, which is growing in number, is a threat to the capercaillie population.  In comparison to the wild boar population, the capercaillie population is diminishing in different parts of Sweden.  In order to find out if they are affect by each other, the case study was carried out during the months of April to May 2009. 100 artificial nests were placed out on various locations on the Södertuna estate just in the outskirts of Gnesta. The unique aspect of this study is that a fenced environment to keep out wild animals is used to conduct this study, which has been previously known to be free from wild boar, but the area outside has sittings of wild boar. So to fully understand how this affects the capercaillie population, 50 of the nests were placed outside the fence area, while the other 50 nests were placed inside the fenced area. The sites were visited on two separate occasions, and were noted of the changes inside and outside the fenced compounds.

In ambition to produce more and better harvests, artificial fertilizers are used to produce a better growth of crops in the agriculture landscape. This contributes to leakage of nutrients. Our forests also exhibit a leakage of nutrients. Air pollution contributes to more nutrients. High precipitation with high water flows as a consequence seems currently to occur more frequently in the county of Halland.

Under de senare åren har det gjorts stora framsteg inom neurologin vad gäller koppling hjärna ? inlärning. Tidigare ansågs intelligens vara något bestämt och oföränderligt, men nu hävdar neurologerna att människan själv sätter gränsen för sin intelligens. Alla människor har förmågan att förbättra och utveckla sin intelligens. För att lyckas med detta bör främst två väsentliga faktorer beaktas i skolan: dels att alla är unika och har olika sätt att inhämta information, dels att det är avgörande om människan befinner sig i en stimulerande miljö eller inte.

EU law is superior to Swedish domestic law, and it is on Sweden's responsibility to implement the COJ judgments so that it becomes compatible with EU law. The advantage of the Union being superior is the internal market given the member states.However, problems arise when the Swedish legislature goes further in its interpretation of EU law. Restrictions can be imposed but it must be considered to be strongly motivated so the restriction outweighs the need to maintain the freedoms granted by EU law. In Cadbury Schweppes, the court states that restrictions on freedom of establishment may be done to counter artificial arrangements whose sole purpose is to evade the national tax. Its further stated that an artificial arrangement does not exist in those cases there is a real business, even through the establishment in the low-taxing country is economically justified. The Swedish CFC rules states that the general rule is that if an establishment in a country within the EEA, which have lower corporate tax than 55% of the Swedish tax, the shareholder of this company is taxed on its current share in Sweden. The outcome of Cadbury Schweppes has not been made into a general rule, it became the exception. In addition to that in Sweden it is presumed that the company is an artificial arrangement that expressly are prohibited by the EUD, as well been implemented to supplement the rule, where the Swedish legislature changes the meaning of the term granted by the appeal. The Swedish legislature has amended the original economically motivated establishment, to be commercially motivated. The term is undefined, but applicable elsewhere in the Incometaxlaw and from this one can find that, for an establishment to be considered as commercially motivated the decisions to establish should be taken to promote normal profit-making enterprises based upon commercially motivated decisions..

Idag är det inte helt ovanligt att tala om datorer som att de förstår eller på ett eller annat sätt lever sitt eget liv. Idén om att datorer kanske kan tänka och vara medvetna har sina rötter i det arbete som Alan Turing utförde under 1900-talets första hälft. Han brukar anses ha lagt grunden till det som idag kallas artificiell intelligens (AI) (Preston, 2002). Man började fundera över om datorer kunde ha egenskaper som kan likställas med människors mentala tillstånd och därför användas för att förklara dessa. Ett sådant påstående förs fram i en teori kallad ?datorfunktionalism?.

Syftet med studien var att undersöka vilken medvetenhet lärare i grundskolans tidigare år har om elevers lärstilar och hur de anpassar sin undervisning för att kunna nå fram till alla elevers lärstilar i klassrummet. Denna undersökning gjorde jag utifrån Howard Gardners teori om de sju intelligenserna. I studien användes en kvalitativ ansats och jag använde mig av semistrukturerade intervjuer och osystematiska observationer som datainsamlingsmetoder. Tre lärare i år 2 och 3 observerades och intervjuades och resultaten som framkom visade på lärarnas medvetenhet och hur de anpassar sin undervisning för att nå fram till elevernas olika sätt att lära på. Lärarna hade en medvetenhet om att undervisningen behöver varieras och att eleverna ska få arbeta på olika sätt eftersom alla elever tycker att olika saker är roliga.