In this essay we map and evaluate obstacles and problems that can occur during the establishment of international companies in Russia. This is done by investigating Swedish companies, which are established in Moscow and Saint Petersburg. We used secondary and primary data from books, previous surveys, reports, articles and the Internet. We also interviewed the following companies: Alfa Laval, Kockum Sonics AB, Höganäs Keramik, Skanska, Assa Abloy, Advakom, AnoxKaldnes, Lindab, Delovoj Peterburg, HL-Display and also a journalist from the Swedish Radio.Most of the problems named by the interviewees were similar, but some differences were also found. The differences were primarily found in the ranking of importance between the different problems.

Projekt Wood Westerbotten är ett samverkansprojekt initierat av Exportrådet. Syftet är att öka försäljningen av ämnen och komponenter för trävaruproducerande företag i norra Sverige. Tyngdpunkten har dock hittills varit Västerbotten där projektet startade. Produktområdena är bygg, trappor, fönster, dörrar, kök och möbler. Stommen i projektet är att hitta kunder på en exportmarknad, framförallt England, Tyskland och Benelux-länderna.

Sweden experienced a decline in exports of 16 percent in the period after the financial crisis. The decline has created a lot of question marks regarding the traditional exports which has started a process with the aim of finding Sweden?s next cash cow in export.Sweden adopted stringent environmental laws early which positioned them as a strong nation in environmental awareness. The stringent environmental legislation meant that the Swedish companies were required to minimize the environmental impact, which created a demand for eco-efficient products. Despite the early demand for eco-efficient products, the international success of the Swedish cleantech companies has been modest.The government can increase firms international competitiveness by encouraging, supporting and promoting activities on the domestic market.

I denna undersökning vill vi belysa motiven bakom hur svenska små- och medelstora företag har valt att internationaliseras till Sydafrika. Därifrån vill vi med hjälp av våra respondenters perspektiv klarlägga hur de kulturella skillnaderna upplevs, och hur Sydafrikas framtidsutsikter kommer att utvecklas. Sveriges insatser under Apartheid medförde en goodwill som vi är intresserade av att undersöka närmare. Finns den kvar och hur påverkar den våra respondenters arbete i Sydafrika.Studien bygger på en kvalitativ ansats där det empiriska underlaget är inhämtat genom intervjuer av personer på ledande befattningar i fyra svenska små- och medelstora företag med verksamhet i och till Sydafrika. Materialet har därefter analyserats utifrån teoretiska utgångspunkter hämtade ur export- och kulturstrategiska infallsvinklar.Studien visar att svenska små och medelstora företag internationaliseras till Sydafrika med huvudmotivet att öka företagets vinst.

Mer än 50 procent av Sveriges totala BNP är idag utlandsexport och svenska företags beslut på internationella marknader blir alltmer betydelsefulla för företagens framgång. En växande marknad för svensk utlandsexport är Mellanöstern där Saudiarabien utgör en stor del av regionen. Studien ämnar undersöka hur och varför svenska företag träder in på den saudiarabiska marknaden, där uppkomna problem utgör en del i inträdesprocessen. Studien bygger på en kvalitativ undersökning med sex svenska tillverkningsföretag, vilken analyserades utifrån ett teoretiskt ramverk baserat på internationaliseringsteorier. Det empiriska materialet och teoretiska ramverket analyserades därtill emot en kontext om Saudiarabien. Undersökningen visar att det är många olika faktorer som påverkar företagens val, vilka grundas i såväl rationella beslutsprocesser som slumpvisa affärsmöjligheter. Saudiarabiens ekonomiska stabilitet samt stora marknad har utgjort en stor dragningskraft för företagen.

This is a thesis for a Bachelor Degree Project, performed in the subject MechanicalEngineering. The students Roger Malmberg and Simon Hagberg have carried out adesign project on behalf of the recently established company J&D Assisting systems,located in Halmstad.The project consisted in developing J&D's first prototype of a power assisting solutionfor wheelchairs. A power assisted wheelchair combines human power, which is deliveredby the arms through the pushrims, with electrical motors, which are powered by a battery.The power assisted wheelchair is aimed at customers, who have used a regularwheelchair for a long time, but who have become weaker or just need additional powerwhen driving uphill. This kind of wheelchair will provide additional power for users,which will spare their wrists, elbow and shoulders. The product is torque sensor free andinstead it relies on the velocity.

In a globalized world, competitiveness is based on the high IP (intellectual property) of our export products and innovations are therefore important for new companies to establish and develop. It´s not enough to just have big international companies but it is also necessary to invest in new companies that can be competitive in the future. By helping entrepreneurs with innovation support in the early stages, new technology-based businesses are established and developed. The purpose of this paper was to examine how innovation support in the early stages affects the establishment and development of new technology-based companies. Furthermore, we investigated how this will affect Sweden's international competitiveness.

This paper attempts to study the Swedish tariffs during the interwar period in order to asses the level of protectionism in Swedish tariff policy during the period. It is foremost the nominal tariffs that are studied, however an estimate of the effective rate of protection of the tariffs is also calculated for a number of goods. In order to asses the level of protectionism, the Swedish tariffs are also compared with Finnish tariff levels during the interwar period.The sample of Swedish tariffs that have been studied in this paper include the fifteen most important kinds of import goods and the fifteen most important kinds of export goods. The nominal tariff of each kind of goods have been weighted by their share of the total import value.The Swedish specific tariffs did not change much during the interwar period except for a few goods such as petroleum, coffee and automobiles. The fluctuation in nominal tariffs were in most cases the result of the steep fall in prices during the period.

Ris är en mycket viktig vara för Vietnam och dess befolkning. För Vietnams ekonomi har ris en tvådelad roll. Dels är riskonsumtionen bland Vietnams befolkning mycket stor och uppgår till runt 150 kilogram per person och år. Dels är det en av Vietnams viktigaste exportvaror och Vietnam är världens näst största exportör av ris. Hur rismarknaden fungerar är därför mycket viktigt för landet.

Sweden is dependent on secure sea transport. Shorter disruption of imports of fuel and crude oil can be managed with an emergency stock, but a prolonged halt in imports creates problems. For industry, the vulnerability is greater. Fragmented production chains in combination with expenditure reductions in inventory causes a dependency on proper transport of intermediate goods in the manufacturing industry. A lengthy disruption thus involves disruption of production for both domestic consumption and for export goods containing imported parts.In order to secure shipping routes with a limited number of vessels, Mine Counter Measures (MCM) capacity is required, and according to the Armed Forces, developed with new sensors and autonomous vehicles.

The following essay is a study of the theatre-play Min Arm, a translation and performance by Per Lasson for Fria Teatern in Stockholm 2009-2010. Actor, director and playwright Tim Crouch wrote the original script My Arm in English in 2003.With basis in intermedial theory, as defined by Jörgen Bruhn, as well as Hans-Thies Lehmann?s theory on post-dramatic theatre this study investigates the meaning-building processes in Min Arm as a theatrical performance. Concepts of the difference between stage play and performance text are borrowed from and inspired mainly by Eli Rozik?s Generating Theatre Meaning.

Currently there is a controversial debate about that we must reduce our impact on the global warming; therefore both the Government and the local authorities have invested heavily in developing renewable energy in Sweden. The major development on the wind power market can be seen as a result of both the technological development and also on the decision that the Government took in 1996, which opened up the wind power market for private parties.This paper has aimed to examine the types of financial innovations that have arisen from the investments and financing of wind power on Gotland, and what these innovations can contribute to the future development of wind power.The problems that this thesis is based on is; what kind of financial innovations have occurred within investment and financing of wind power? How can these innovations contribute to the continued development of wind power on Gotland? The conclusion of this study shows that respondents and participants have defined a number of financial innovations that have emerged. Where some of the innovations only can be seen as incremental since they are based on continuous improvements, while others can be seen as radical as they are completely new for the context in which they operate. The study has also shown that Gotland has a great potential to produce more renewable electricity, but the development is dependent on the new power lines being built, in order to export electricity to the mainland..

This master thesis aims to investigate and quantify the potential associated with increasing the usage of edible by-products as food for human consumption on the Swedish market. The main emphasis is on the Swedish production of offal and the obstacles that currently inhibit greater usage of these products as foods.The results indicate that the Swedish market for offal is limited. Only a small amount of the edible by-products that are produced in Sweden every year are consumed as foods and a considerable amount seem to be downgraded into animal feed or thrown away. The utilization of these products is restricted by economical, technical, legal, and cultural factors that all need to be taken into consideration. On the whole, large-scale slaughter plants seem to be more inclined to utilize these products effectively, as the profit from doing so increases proportionately to the produced volumes.

Svenskt mode anses idag ligga i framkant internationellt och fo?rva?ntas bidra till en o?kning av Sveriges export varav flera pekar ut svenska modefo?retags stora utvecklingspotential. Trots dessa fo?rva?ntningar sto?ter ma?nga av de svenska modefo?retagen pa? problem vid deras internationalisering. Tre av de fra?msta problemen vi funnit a?r: (1) En avsaknad av affa?rsma?ssig kunskap till fo?ljd av att fo?retagen ofta grundas och drivs av en designer.

Sweden is dependent on secure sea transport. Shorter disruption of imports of fuel and crude oil can be managed with an emergency stock, but a prolonged halt in imports creates problems. For industry, the vulnerability is greater. Fragmented production chains in combination with expenditure reductions in inventory causes a dependency on proper transport of intermediate goods in the manufacturing industry. A lengthy disruption thus involves disruption of production for both domestic consumption and for export goods containing imported parts.In order to secure shipping routes with a limited number of vessels, Mine Counter Measures (MCM) capacity is required, and according to the Armed Forces, developed with new sensors and autonomous vehicles.