The government regulations for energy use in buildings will be tightened in the future. At the same time the interest in environmental classifications and certifications of buildings is increasing. This has meant a new situation for solar energy. The designs of solar heating systems are often based on experience and/or rules of thumb, rather than calculations and simulations. This thesis examines whether simulation tools, in this case Polysun, are useful in this work.

Construction projects are generally designed as a general contract or a complete contract. In a general contract the commercial contract that is being used is AB 04 and related advice and instructions, AMA AF 07. In AB 04 there is an insurance requirement that stipulates that the contractor shall take all risks and liability insurance for the contract where the client must be co-insured.Construction law is almost exclusively regulated by the various standard contracts, one of those is AB 04. The Construction Contracts Committe is an organization that has published the standard contracts in this area of law and also the advice and instructions to help the parties to understand the agreements. The insurance requirement occurs in an area of law that is complex and the meaning of the concept is not entirely clear, nor which of the parties? interests and responsibilities that are covered by the types of insurances that are provided by the insurance requirement.

The report describes a measuring method for analysis of energy consumption measurement in microwave ovens. Concurrently that the awareness of the environment evolves the demands are growing for more power saving products. This is also counting within the Home Appliance business, which is Whirlpools business area. Whirlpool is therefore interested of launching microwave ovens with documented low power consumption. To be able to implement this, both asserted measuring equipment, that fulfils all demands, and a standard procedure is required.

Verksamheten ombord på fartyg blir mer beroende av datakommunikation och många av arbetsuppgifterna ombord underlättas genom att besättningen kan nå information lagrad på annan plats. Fartygens bredbandsanslutning sker till största delen via satellitkommunikation där långa avstånd och begränsad datahastighet resulterar i att datakommunikationen blir ineffektiv. I denna studie undersöks vilken prestandaförbättring som utrustning för nätverksoptimering kan innebära för långsamma WAN-förbindelser via satellit. Undersökningen visade att det största problemet med anslutningar via satellit är den signalfördröjning som uppkommer vid långa sändningsavstånd. Detta medför att det blir prestandaproblem för datatrafiken och användare upplever anslutningen som långsam.

This essay is a study and analysis of the funnel beaker pottery at Gullarve 1:13 in Väte parish. The purpose of the study is to analyse the chronology of the settlement by determine the distribution, stratigraphic context and the ornamentation of the pottery. Another purpose is to discuss the geographical location of the settlement in the landscape.In this essay a short review of the pottery and the funnel beaker culture as well as a description of the pottery from the archaeological excavation from 1984 at Gullarve 1:13 is presented. Since the documentation of the archaeological excavation from 1984 is missing or is very inadequate, no spatial analysis can be carried out. The distribution of the pottery can?t contribute to the result of the essay, though if possible it probably would have provided some interesting results.

AbstraktSyftet med studien var att undersöka hur föräldrars och pedagogers upplevelser och erfarenheter av TAKK-metoden påverkade språkutvecklingen hos barn med språkstörning.  Frågeställningarna var:- Vilka upplevelser/erfarenheter fanns bland föräldrar och pedagoger?- Vilken betydelse hade kommunikationsmetoden för språkutvecklingen?- Vad bidrog till goda resultat?- Hur stämde våra resultat med tidigare forskning? Vi valde att arbeta med en enkätundersökning som vi kompletterade med intervjuer. (Enkätsvaren presenterades i stapeldiagram.) Resultaten visade att både föräldrar och pedagoger var positiva till metoden. De ansåg att den var bra för barnens språkutveckling och underlättade kommunikationen. Undersökningsgrupperna ansåg att man inte använde sig av TAKK i alla situationer.

This paper constitutes graduate work at the Depart-ment of Urban and Rural Development at the Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences. In this paper the urban structure of the million program suburb Husby in Stockholm is examined and what effect this structure has on social life in the area. The main objective of the study has been to, with the help of morphological analyses, examine how to create meeting places and make the Husby Park more accessiblefor the inhabitants in Husby. There has been a selection of analyses to ensure that Husby?s spatial relationship with surrounding suburbs as well as local spaces in the Husby Park is described.

Arbetets syfte är attjämföra ochsynliggöra om något sker i övergångarna mellan förskola, förskoleklass och grundskola som påverkar estetiska lärprocesser. Det innebär att arbetet går in på hur och vilken sorts information de olika stadierna lämnar vidare samt om detta främjar ett estetiskt lärande. Arbetets syfte är också att ta reda på hur pedagogerna i de olika stadierna förhåller sig till estetiska lärprocesser. För att få den empiriska informationen hartvå metoder använts. Den kvalitativa metoden och den kvantitativa metoden vilket i detta fall innebär intervjuer och en webbenkät.

 Every day media reports acts of violence in various kinds. Crime statistics shows that threats and violence are increasing in regard to both frequency and intensity within the nation. Nurses in the ambulance service are often the first to meet with a patient, therefore these nurses often find themselves in situations where violence and threats occur or have occurred. Drug addiction or some kind of illness are often reasons behind threats and violence.Earlier studies within this area of knowledge are mostly foreign and therefore little describes Swedish nurses` experiences of threats and violence within the ambulance service.The purpose of this study was to describe nurses experiences of threats and violence in the meeting with patients within the ambulance service.The study is a qualitative interview study performed within the School of Life Sciences at the University of Skövde. Six nurses were interviewed with the criterion that they should have experienced threats and violence within their occupation.

Ett syfte med studien är att introducera en metod för komparativ kulturarvsanalys. Metoden skall kunna användas för att analysera hur kulturarvsvärden värderas och hur de används i interpretation och presentation. Metoden som prövas skall uppfylla studiens övriga tre syften: att genom en nulägesanalys studera hur de olika kulturarvsvärdena i och kring Kinda kanal uppfattas, värderas, vårdas och visas, för att mot denna bakgrund jämföra liknande områden nationellt och internationellt och finna konstruktiva uppslag till framtida utvecklingsplaner och möjligheter för upplevelseområdet Kinda kanal..

There are around 855 000 on-site sewage systems in Sweden and some 1 800 of these are located in the municipality of Sigtuna. The Sigtuna local authority has set the goal that all sewage systems with insufficient function should be improved before the end of year 2010. A malfunctioning on-site sewage system may cause three main problems: spreading of diseases, discharge of eutrophicating compounds and wastage of resources. The municipality strives to reduce these problems already at the stage of granting permits for installation of on site sanitation systems. The municipality has recently adopted new guidelines, which demands certain minimum reductions for different compounds. The guidelines also state that it is preferred that neighboring house-owners cooperate in jointly built and operated sewage systems and that the system should be able to recycle plant nutrients.

Denna 5 poängs rapport behandlar realisering och inställning av mjukvarubaserade PID-regulatorer. Den tänkte läsaren är en ingenjör som är intresserad av hur en PIDregulator implementeras och trimmas med AMIGO (Approximate M-constrained integral gain optimization) metoden. Alla matematiska resonemang förklaras stegvis och utförligt. Huvudsyftet med rapporten är att inhämta kunskap från referenserna, och formulera denna kunskap så att den blir lättillgänglig för ingenjörer som praktiskt arbetar med PID-regulatorer. Målet med denna rapport är att svara på frågorna: ? Hur fungerar en PID-regulator? ? Hur kan en PID-regulator implementeras? ? Hur trimmas en PID-regulator med AMIGO-metoden?.

The forest and mire landscape surrounding the north Swedish villages have been of fundamental importance through time for the farmers. In the Scandinavian summer farm system the forest and mire pasture was used to its full potential. The system consisted of smaller summer farms some kilometres from the main farm in the village, and were the livestock grazed in the forest around the summer farm. The livestock affect their environment, and grazed forests generally contain a higher biodiversity than an ungrazed forest. The overall aim of this thesis is to understand the impact of livestock grazing on a northern forest ecosystem over a long time period.

AbstractThis report has been developed in cooperation with Peab Region Bostad Göteborg, mentor at Krook& Tjäder (through Chalmers), and examiner at Chalmers University of Technology. The report is the result of a research of a building project, constructed by Peab. The report is investigating and it means to identify and evaluate qualities in the dwelling and its surroundings. Its purpose is to evaluate how the residents in a chosen housing cooperative enjoy living there. It shall, with help of chosen quality aspects, identify what expectations the residents had before moving in, how they experience the dwelling and its surroundings today, and what hopes they have for the future planning of the area.

Today there are many applications of digital terrain models (DTM) and the requirements of low uncertainty increases. Most of the DTM are produced with Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS), terrestrial laser scanning (TLS), airborne laser scanning (ALS) and total stations. Guidelines for the preparation and verification of DTM are found in Swedish Standards Institute ? Technical Specifications (SIS-TS) 21144:2007 and SIS-TS 21145:2007. These were defined in collaboration between Swedish National Rail Administration, Banverket, and Swedish Road Administration, Vägverket, to satisfy the needs of requirement formulations in the production of DTM planning, design and construction. The purpose of this paper is to produce and control DTM over Åkermans kulle, located west of the University of Gävle, according to SIS TS 21144:2007 using GNSS with network-RTK, TLS and ALS.