My aim was to get a deeper insight about the parish clerk and how this profession has changed over time in Sweden from the Middle Ages up to the eighteenth century. Who was the parish clerk? Is it possible to find out in what way his duties changed over time? The information mainly derives from written historical sources, such aslaws. It seems like the parish clerk in the countryside often was a layman whom had to be approved by the parish, the parish priest or the bishop. His position in the early Middle Ages seems to have taken the form of assistant to the priest, participating in the liturgy.

This essay is an attempt in analysing the establishment of the first Early Middle Ages castles in Scania. There are two types of castles in Scania during the eleventh century, keeps andringworks. This castle was built by three fixed elements of power: the crown, the church and the aristocracy. The result of the survey shows that A majority of the castles during theeleventh century in Scania where initiated by the church.The results also show two building phases of castles under the period. The first building phase begins in middle of the eleventh century and the second building phase begins in theperiod 1180- 1200.

I wanted to look at school-children's perspective of prehistory. I also wanted to look at the literature at their disposal, provided by the schools.In this essay I am looking at a school-class in the fourth grade from a school in Malmö and a fifth grade-class at a school in Klågerup just outside Malmö. I am trying to determine the student's view of what prehistory is all about, as well as how their own school-literature is connected to that knowledge. Six books in all were examined. The essay is concentrated on prehistory and only at those two schools.

This essay deals with the ideas of social change in the Iron Gates Gorge site of Lepenski Vir during the Mesolithic. The change from a mainly fish-based subsistence strategy to a strategy that came to rely more on hunting and later domesticated animals could have been the onset of the social change that is noticeable in the material culture from the site. Theessay is divided in two main segments. The first consists of a case-study based on three themes that describes and searches for changes in the subsistence-, settlement- and burialpractises during the Mesolithic and beginning of the Neolithic phases, and the second part analyses the results from the case-study. It is primarily the idea of transformations and reproductions of traditions that will be dealt with in the analysis which is facilitated by a theoretic structure based on and inspired by the works of Emilé Durkheim and Anthony Giddens..

The main purpose of this essay is to analyze the late medieval shirt found in the cathedral of Lund. It has been preserved in the church and later on exhibited in the museum of Lunds cathedral. The most interesting thing about this shirt is probably its close connection to the secular world, as well as to the church. At first sight it appears to be a liturgical garment, it seams to be far too big for a regular, profane smock or shirt, but in a letter received by the church of Lund from Christian I of Denmark this shirt is mentioned as a chemise, or smock. The questions I aim to answer on the following pages goes, what characterizes the chemise or smock? What characterizes the mass shirt or alba? How can you use this type of analyse to examine the shirt from the cathedral of Lund?.

This essay is a study regarding the existence of Bronze Ages and Iron Ages battlefields in Scandinavia and the possibility to trace and find them by using the Battlefield Archaeological Method.Based on a theoretical background and results from historical battlefield research and excavation experiences, the discussion deals with some of the problems and possibilities of applying the Battlefield Archaeological Method on older places. The existence of these battlegrounds is also an unknown factor, and a major part of this study is trying to find evidence of their existence. For that purpose I am using as an example a deeper analysis of an Iron Age battlefield archaeological excavation in Germany in order to compare and draw parallels with the Scandinavian society of that time. I am also using the evolution of weaponry, in particular the sword, to show parallels between the Mediterranean and the Scandinavian societies in the matter of warfare and tactics..

This essay presents an investigation of the ruins of an assembly of crofts in a rural area in the south of Sweden, outside the town Falk?ping. Using literary sources and intangible sources, and then combine them with the information found by investigation of the physical remains of the crofts, the essay attempts to capture the life and the living conditions of the crofters. The investigation is focusing on the period between the nighteenth century and the first decades of the twentieth century, and looks into the the living conditions according to, for example, the buildings, the orientation in the landscape, demografical changes, the transformation of the area over years and how the crofters were affected by powerty. The investigation shows that the crofters in many ways were in vulnerable and exposed positions, powerty summarized as a lack of freedom ? concerning economical, political and social dimensions.

Jag hade flera förslag på experiment när jag började kursen, varav tillverkandet av filar var ett av dem. Jag är intresserad av medeltida träarbete, och av verktygen som detta gjordes med, och egentligen av verktyg i allmänhet. Jag har en dröm om att återskapa en så komplett medeltida verktygslåda som möjligt, och detta har lett till att jag funderat en hel del över hur man tillverkar olika verktyg. Inför experimentkursen funderade jag över att tillverka, hyvlar, spånhyvlar, borrar, navare, bandknivar, och filar. Det som verkade mest utmanande, men också svårast (egentligen omöjligt) var filarna, för de andra verktygen visste jag hur de tillverkades, och användes.

Uppsatsens syfte är att undersöka om det finns vikingatida musikinstrument eller ljudredskap i materialet från Järrestad, Uppåkra eller Löddeköpinge, vilket innebär att jag utifrån bestämda kriterier undersökte fyndmaterial från Järrestad och Uppåkra, Cajsa S. Lund har undersökt Löddeköpingematerialet. Resultaten visade att bjällror, en del av en klocka, en del av en stämnyckel till lyra, förarbete till spaltflöjt, kantflöjt, möjlig lockpipa, bensnurror i olika former funnits på någon eller några av platserna. De tre platserna har alla varit betydande under vikingatiden och skulle mycket väl ha kunnat tillverka alla av de nämnda musikinstrumenten eller ljudredskapen, eller ha kommit i kontakt med dem genom det kontaktnät de hade med omgivningen och andra länder..

Since 1865 when Lubbock introduced the Palaeolithic and Neolithic to the surrounding archaeological world there has been an apparent problematic in how we define the different periods. When the Mesolithic age was introduced to fill the hiatus between the Palaeolithic and Neolithic, the problematic became even more noticeable. By examine different subjects which distinguish the different periods I wish to highlight the problematic in viewing them as characteristics. The problem lies in seeing the characteristics as defining only one period when they actually can be seen in two or all three of the periods. I then tried to give the different period's new better suited definitions.

AbstractHuvudsyftet med uppsatsen är att få en större uppfattning och förståelse för sekundära intrång i gravar under förhistorien där koncentrationen ligger på skelettgravar i Skandinavien. Genom en jämförelse av arkeologers tolkningar av sekundärt manipulerade gravar har jag kartlagt sekundära intrång där det visar sig att fenomenet inte varit vida förekommande under förhistorien. Skillnader från mesolitikum till yngre romersk järnålder kan spåras i fråga om vad som har plockats ur gravarna där koncentrationer går från kroppsdelar till artefakter. Dock går det inte att spåra vilka exakta gravar som har varit utsatta. På frågan varför sekundär manipulation har skett kan endast olika tolkningsmöjligheter appliceras såsom sociala, ekonomiska och symboliska konsekvenser som möjliga förklaringsbegrepp till varför fenomenet skett..

This essay is about Late Iron Age settlement and its production. I want to define the nature ofthree different workplaces on Bornholm, Denmark, and compare them. My aim is to see if itis possible to define a workplace through the traces of the craftsmanship. Several materials areselected in this essay and the analysis provides different perspective on workplaces in the LateIron Age in Scandinavia. The results of the analysis between the three workplacesAgerbygård, Baggård and Kanonhøj shows that Baggård have more traces of melting of bronsthan any other of the places.

This thesis was created in an attempt to examine the concept of cultural heritage. What is cultural heritage to us and why do we treat it in the different ways we do? In my attempt to find an answer to this I have chosen to concentrate my interest on a situation where historical objects have been preserved as well as destroyed, Iraq 2003 until 2007. In my research I have divided the Iraqi cultural heritage in three different groups based on the different treatments they where exposed to during the occupation of Bagdad and the aftermath. For each group I have chosen one object or a category of objects to be a representative examined.

This paper examines the possibility of identifying votive offerings among a collection of stray finds in a Late neolithic material from one farm land on the island Hven.First, I identify the Late neolithic artefacts in a collection of stray finds and make a register as well as take photographes of the artefacts. Then I compare these stray finds with material from hoards found in Scania to analyz if any similarities arise regarding length, fragmentation and patina. Additionally, I use maps to identify wetlands and a field survey to help identify and discover important areas connected to votive offerings. There is a strong possibility that the stray finds collection contains some votive offerings because similarities can be found between the lengths of the stray finds and the materials from the hoards..

This essay in historical Archaeology deals with cultural-historical values of buildings and inthis case the old train- and ferrystation in Helsingborg. The building has from the day of itsopening in 1898 been exposed to threats of demolition since its original purpose was as atemporary building with intension of being replaced within a couple of years. After havingseen two World Wars, eventhough Sweden never participated, and the ferrytraffic with its upsand downs the station was an important part of Helsingborg. All the ferrytraffic over the straitto Denmark was handeled by the old train- and ferrystation untill 1955, when a competativeferrycompany was built close to the old station. After a hundred years of service the oldstation was closed down when a new station was built i Helsingborg in 1991 with theintension of gathering all travelers in one building.