The Syrian Muslim Brotherhood has since the start of the Syrian uprising in March 2011 moved from a low-key position in exile to become one of the main actors in the political opposition. There appears to be a consensus among researchers today on the democratic commitment of the Syrian Brotherhood. However, ambiguity remains regarding its commitment towards gender equality, women?s rights and participation. This essay focuses on the gender discourse of the Syrian Brotherhood?s leadership, according to its policy-documents, from 2004 ? 2013.

Since 2003 Saudi Arabia is under attack from domestic Al Qaida-cells which, by random shootings of westerners and bombings of compounds and official state buildings, is trying to challenge the stability of the royal regime. According to Al Qaida, the Royal family is attacked because of their friendly relations to the US and for not implementing Islam in the Saudi society as profound as they ought to. Political analyst finds it obvious that the Islamic Al Qaida-cells by terrorism is trying to erode the stability in the kingdom.An important foundation for stability for any government is legitimacy. The aim of this thesis is to examine the royal legitimacy strategy in the state bureaucracy of Saudi Arabia. The question at issue is: how has the royal family constructed the civil, military and religious bureaucracies to maintain and promote stability and legitimacy?The thesis focuses on the on three different units within these three bureaucracies and it surveys the way they are staffed and organized to strengthen and maintain legitimacy for the royal family.

This master thesis is written at the Royal Institute of Technology during the spring and summer of 2008.The assignment was to investigate what factors on a broadband market determine how well it performsin terms of how many people have access to broadband. These are the factors that determine whetheror not a country or market will be able to achieve a high broadband penetration. The purpose of thisthesis was to establish a better understanding for what a market should look like or how a strugglingone can be complemented in order to succeed.As a foundation for this investigation, a group of benchmark countries were chosen and evaluated. Inaddition to this, a group of, developing MENA2-countries were chosen and evaluated. Finally, interviewswere performed with some of Sweden?s leading internet service providers, the regulatory agency andinfrastructure company, Skanova.Among the benchmark countries were Sweden, France, Canada, South Korea and Japan.

Denna uppsats inleder med att visa hur orsakerna bakom Darfurkonflikten till stor del ligger på strukturell nivå, det vill säga att socioekonomiska och politiska faktorer varit avgörande konfliktutlösare.Uppsatsens utgångspunkt är dock att ovan nämnda strukturella konfliktorsaker ej fullt ut kan förklara varför konflikten fått en så våldsam utveckling som folkmord och etnisk rensning. Utifrån ett konstruktivistiskt perspektiv analyseras därför alternativa orsaker bakom våldsutvecklingen genom tillämpande av socialpsykologiska teorier kring identitet, hot- och fiendebilder.Valda socialpsykologiska teorier illustrerar således hur identitetskonstruktion och negativa föreställningar om "de andra" är centrala aspekter i Darfurkonflikten där de etniska identitetsmarkörerna "Arab" och "afrikan" växt sig starka de senaste åren. Tajfels kategoriseringsteori, Northrups eskaleringmodell och Azars PSC-teori är några av dessa teorier som kastar ljus över möjliga förklaringar till detta genom att sammanlänka olika faktorer bakom identitetskonstruktion. Återkommande teman här är rädsla, osäkerhet och icke uppfyllda grundläggande mänsliga behov såsom exempelvis ekonomisk- och politisk trygghet och social säkerhet.Osäkerhet och rädsla för den egna gruppens identitet och överlevnad är således nyckeln till att förstå våldsutvecklingen i Darfur, där socialpsykologiska, men även till viss del strukturella, faktorer på olika sätt påverkar..

The aim of this paper is to study in which contexts Muslims and Islam are represented in newspaper- articles in the Swedish press. The research questions are formulated as follow: In what contexts are Muslims and Islam represented in Aftonbladet and Dagens Nyheter during the years 2011-2013 ?Does the newspaper-articles in Aftonbladet and Dagens Nyheter reflect open or closed attitudes about Islam?  My material compromises twenty-five newspaper- articles from the newspapers Aftonbladet and Dagens Nyheter during the years 2011-2013. The material became a subject for qualitative content analysis. This resulted in four categories, the categories were formed from the content of the newspaper-articles. The categories are: (1) Violence / Terrorism, (2) Extremist / Fundamentalist, (3) Islamic god´s state / government / Islamism and (4) Others.

This paper is an analysis of the novel Season of Migration to The North by Tayeb Salih. Season of Migration to The North was first published in 1967 and it is the most accomplished among several works in modern Arabic literature.I shall focus on one of the two major characters, Mustafa Said, a young Sudanese student whose brilliant career at school in Sudan and Cairo eventually brings him to England; he has a successful academic career in England as a lecturer at the University of London.One of the major themes of the novel is the confrontation between Mustafa Said and England, which in other terms is described as the confrontation between East and West. The conflict is rooted in colonialism. Mustafa Said?s native country, Sudan, was a British colony when the story takes place.

Cerebellär abiotrofi är en sjukdom som drabbar ett flertal olika djurarter och innebär en degeneration av purkinjecellerna i lillhjärnan. Eftersom lillhjärnan är den del av hjärnan som styr finmotoriken kommer tillståndet att ge upphov till att finmotoriken försämras kraftigt. Hos häst är det främst Arabhästen som drabbas men även hos raser där Arab korsats in för att förfina linjerna dyker sjukdomen upp emellanåt. En häst med denna defekt kommer att verka helt normal vid födseln men symptomen uppträder relativt tidigt oftast mellan sex veckor till ett halvår efter födseln. Symptom som en drabbad häst uppvisar är bl.a. ataxi och muskeltremor, främst då i halsmuskulaturen.