Vaccinology is an ever expanding field. As a member of the veterinary staff it is important to stay up to date with the continuous new scientific data and recommendations that affect the care that our companion animals receive at the veterinary clinic. This paper presents adverse vaccination reactions, their cause, risk factors and suggestions how we can minimize the risk of adverse vaccine events in dogs. Dog owners in Sweden were allowed to answer a questionnaire about adverse events following vaccination. Lethargy, edema and pruritus were among the most frequently seen adverse effects.

Syfte: Syftet är att få ökad kunskap om förändring i hälsa och sjukskrivning hos individer/patienter med stressrelaterad ohälsa som bedömts av ett multidisciplinärt team. Ohälsa avser depression, ångest och utmattningssymptom samt hälsorelaterad livskvalitetUndersökt grupp: Personal med stressrelaterade problem anställd inom Västra Götalandsregionen och Försäkringskassan i Västra Götalands Län.Metoder: Jämförelse av sjukskrivningsgrad och hälsoläge vid, och 6 månader efter bedömning av ett multidisciplinärt team inriktat på stress och utmattningssymptom. Instrumenten för att mäta förändring i psykisk ohälsa är 3 självskattningsformulär, Hospital Anxiety and Depression scale; HAD, Psychologic General Well-Being; PGWB och Shirom-Melamed Burnot Questionaire; SMBQ.Självskattningsformuläret fylldes i innan första kontakten med företagssköterskan i teamet samt vid uppföljning efter 6 månader.Uppföljningen bestod i en kort telefonintervju med frågor om sjukskrivningsgrad och hälsoläget.Resultat: Sjukskrivningsgraden minskade hos 45 %, endast en hade ökat. Hälsoläget förbättrades hos mer än 50 % 6 månader efter mötet med teametAntalet personer med depression enligt HAD hade minskat från fem till en och de med ångest enligt HAD från åtta till tre.Tolv personer har minskat och fem har ökat sitt poängmedelvärde på SMBQ Globalskalan.Välbefinnandet enligt PGWB-skalan ökade. Antalet med poäng över 100 ökade från tre till åtta och de med poäng 95 eller lägre minskade från fjorton till tio.Slutsats.

Cirka 20-40 procent av Sveriges befolkning drabbas av psykisk ohälsa vilket även påverkar deras närstående. Efter avinstitutionaliseringen har ansvaret för den psykiskt sjuka förflyttats från institution till de närstående. Trots det ökade ansvaret som de närstående fått rapporterar sjuksköterskor svårigheter i att involvera de närstående i vårdandet.  Syftet var att belysa närståendes upplevelse av att vara närstående till en person med psykisk ohälsa.Litteraturöversikt i enlighet med Friberg (2012). Databaser som användes var CINAHL plus with Full Text och PsycINFO. Författarna valde ut sju kvalitativa, en kvantitativ artikel och en som var både kvalitativ- och kvantitativ.

Det här är en studie i syfte att analysera den moçambikiska läroplanens värdegrundspolicy utifrån dess kapitel ?vision och uppdrag?. Genom denna analys undersöks vilka egenskaper samhället eftersträvar hos sina samhällsmedborgare och belyser hur eventuella diskurser i läroplanen kan ses ge mening till den goda samhällsmedborgaren.  Läroplanen interpreteras även ur ett socio-historiskt perspektiv.Genom att göra en diskursanalytisk studie på den moçambikiska läroplanstextens kapitel ?vision och uppdrag? utkristalliseras underelement, nodalpunkter och diskurser som både ger svar på vad som efterfrågas hos en god samhällsmedborgare och beskriver generella regelbundenheter som kännetecknar texten. Avslutningsvis appliceras svensk läroplansforskning på läroplanstexten för att undersöka om man utifrån det kan säga något om det moçambikiska samhället.En god samhällsmedborgare i Moçambique kännetecknas till stor del i läroplanen som någon som bidrar till att lyfta landet ur fattigdom, både individens och samhällets i stort, samt bidrar till att bevara freden i landet.

The purpose of this essay was to examine six high school welfare officers' experiences and work with students suffering from social phobia and discuss the welfare officers' view on social phobia from a psychiatric, cognitive and a knowledge theory. The study consists of qualitative interviews with welfare officers from several different high schools and attempts to answer the following questions: What previous experiences do welfare officers have of students with social phobia? How do welfare officers become aware of students with symptoms of social phobia and bring forth their problems? How do welfare officers describe their social work with students suffering from social phobia?The welfare officers' experiences of students with social phobia varied but turned out to be less salient than the amount of research in the area would suggest. The theoretical knowledge also varied, as did the acquiring and use of theory. These findings were then analysed on the basis of Rosmari Eliassons thoughts on knowledge, leading to the conclusion that the interviewed welfare officers do not construct their work on praxis-knowledge.

SUMMARY This pilot study tried to answer the question however the present animal welfare regulations for horses regarding lying hall area requirements are adequate for horses older than 24 months. The study was carried out at one of the largest stud farms for standard bred horses in Sweden. Mares in late pregnancy with an initial mean age of 10 years was used in a behaviour study. The influence of varying space per animal in a loose-housing system on behaviours like the horses' lying hall use, standing, resting, moving behaviour and threats was studied. The behaviour at three different horse densities ? 18 mares, 13 mares and 8 mares (7.4 m2, 10.3 m2 and 16.7 m2 per mare, respectively) ? was recorded by use of video.

Background:  Heart failure is a multidimensional phenomenon with high mortality. Heart failure is treated with angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) - inhibitors or angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) that counteract neurohormonal stimuli that occur in heart failure, as well as providing vessel dilatation, which reduces symptoms and the need for hospitalization and increases survival. Despite this, only about 50% of heart failure patients survive 6 years after diagnosis with drug therapy, and as heart failure is increasing globally, due to improved care and treatment and increasing life expectancy of the population, there is a great need for new drugs such as LCZ696 that acts by dual inhibition of the renin - angiotensin - aldosterone system and neprilysin inhibition.Objective: The aim of this literature study was to evaluate the efficacy of current treatment and possible future treatments on mortality and morbidity in heart failure patients.Results: The examined articles show that treatment with ACE inhibitors in patients with symptomatic heart failure reduces the risk of total mortality by 16% over 3.5 years, reduces all-cause mortality or hospitalization due to heart failure with NNT (number needed to treat) = 10.4 over 3.5 years and increases median survival by 9.2 months over 12.1 years in patients with asymptomatic heart failure. Treatments with high-dose ACE inhibitors reduce mortality and hospitalization because of cardiovascular causes and hospitalizations from any cause by NNT = 30 over 3 years. Beta-blockers reduce sudden death and total mortality and cardiac death or non - fatal myocardial infarction with NNT = 38 and NNT = 23, respectively, over 12 months.

- To be trapped in a roller-coaster That ?s how some of the patients are describing the situa- tion of living with heart failure. To be stuck in their home not knowing if they will have to seek care today and not knowing if they will have the energy to attend that birth- day party later this week.Each year 2-3% of the Swedish population are diagnosed with heart failure, which results in 30,000 new individu- als with the disorder. Cardiovascular disease is rapidly in- creasing in the world and before 2030, people with heart failure will increased by 100%. Our improved living condi- tions and better health have allowed us to grow older and made us more dependent on other types of care, care at home.Today the patients are only looking for changes in weight and if they have excessive water in their body.

Bakgrund: Sjuksko?terskestudenter kommer i kontakt med palliativa och cancerpatienter flertalet ga?nger under sin kliniska utbildning. Detta pa?verkar studenterna olika ka?nsloma?ssigt. Fo?r att hantera dessa nya upplevelser tilldelas studenter en handledare som skall ge sto?d, undervisa och guida dem under den kliniska utbildningen.Syfte: Syftet med studien var att underso?ka sjuksko?terskestudenter uppfattning av mo?tet med palliativa patienter samt erha?llen handledning i samband med dessa mo?ten.Metod: Metoden till denna kvalitativa studie var tva? semistrukturerade fokusgruppsintervjuer med ett bekva?mlighetsurval av studenter som haft klinisk utbildning pa? hematolog, onkolog eller palliativ avdelning.Resultat:Va?rd av palliativa patienter eller patienter med cancer uppfattades som en sorglig, sva?r, obekva?m men la?rorik upplevelse.

Background: 2009 it has occurred a crisis in some of the member states of the European Union: Spain, Portugal, Italy, Ireland and Greece. Despite, some major banks in the world had begun to recover from the financial crisis that occurred from 2007 until 2009, there were still banks who found it difficult to survive. Greece is one of the countries that suffered from the financial crisis. The high budget deficit and the unsustainable debt are underlying the crisis.Banks as financial intermediaries have important function in a nation?s economy.

Sweden became a member of the European Union in 1995. Consequently Sweden became obligated to implement the Working Time Directive 2003/88/EC (formerly termed 93/104/EC). At that time Sweden considered that their legislation already gave their employees as high level of protection as the directive prescribed. Instead they decided upon an adjustment of the collective agreements concerning working time. A particular EC-restriction was incorporated in the Working Hours Act (SFS 1982:673).

Powdery mildew is a serious problem in both field and greenhouse cucumber production and can cause serious infection and radically reduced yields. Today, powdery mildew is the main disease in greenhouse produced cucumber. Disease control should preferably be both efficient and environmentally friendly, which is not easy to achieve at all times. Alternatives to chemical control of powdery mildews are biological control, physical control, non-fungicide control and cultivation of resistant or tolerant varieties. Biological control can be described as the suppression of damaging activities inflicted of a harmful organism by one or more other organisms, which are called antagonists or natural enemies. In Sweden, there are currently no registered biological control products available to control cucumber powdery mildew. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of two biological control products in order to evaluate their ability to prevent or reduce powdery mildew infection to an acceptable level in greenhouse produced cucumber. In the experiments, different application regimes were also studied.

BakgrundTraditionell och komplementär eller alternativ medicin, vilket benämns Complementary and Alternative medicine (CAM), är enligt WHO en viktig, men ofta underskattad del i nationella hälso- och sjukvårdssystem. Användandet av CAM har ökat signifikant senaste åren för gravida kvinnor. Inom CAM ryms begreppet ?mind-body interventioner? eller ?mind-body therapies? och innefattar behandling så som mindfulness, yoga, akupunktur, massage. Yoga och mindfulness har enligt tidigare studier positiv inverkan på graviditet och graviditetsutfall.

AimThe purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between physical strain and recovery in dancers at The Ballet Academy in Stockholm, Sweden. Research questions used to guide the study were: How great is the dancers experience of physical strain? Do any of the dancers show mental or physical signs of overtraining syndrome?MethodPhysical strain was studied by letting the dancers fill out a booklet catloging their intensity during practice. Utilizing a questionnaire, data was gathered regarding preceding year. To give more nuance to the data gathered, The Profile of Mood States was used to detect possible mood disturbance.

Canine dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a disease with high morbidity and mortality and with a high prevalence in certain breeds. Predominatly large breeds are affected, such as Great danes, Newfoundlands, Deerhounds and Dobermanns. One exception is Cocker spaniels, where both American and English Cocker spaniels are affected in a quite high frequency. Cardiomyopathy is characterised as a disease that affects the myocardium and gives an impaired heart function. To diagnose DCM following criteria have to be observed: 1. Dilation of the left ventricle. 2. Reduced systolic heart function. 3. Increased sphericity of the left ventricle. To be certain of the diagnosis, alternative reasons for the symptoms such as lung- and heart diseases with other etiologies have to be excluded Two different types of DCM have been found upon histological examination.