The concept of sustainable development is a challenge that demands cooperation from all levels of society for it to be successful. The focus for this thesis is how politicians within the local councils understand the concept of sustainable development and how they implement it in political decision-making.The basis for the study is a questionnaire that was distributed to 303 local politicians in three municipalities of varying size in Southern Sweden. The study concentrates on departments within the local councils that are directly connected to the Swedish environmental law and the Swedish planning and construction law. One of the primary goals with the aforementioned laws is the achievement of sustainable development within one generation.The outcome of the study was that over half of the local politicians could correctly define sustainable development according to the World Commission on Environment and Development?s (WCED) definition.

Syftet med fo?religgande randomiserade kontrollerade studie var att underso?ka effekten av internetadministrerad kognitiv beteendeterapi (iKBT) vid olika former av a?tsto?rningsproblematik. Behandlingen pa?gick i a?tta veckor och baserades pa? beteendeterapi (BT) med inslag av Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT). Behandlingen inkluderade en skra?ddarsydd del som riktades mot vanliga komorbida tillsta?nd vid a?tsto?rningar.

Min essä handlar om ett problem som jag ofta mött i mitt arbete på förskolan ? hur man ska hantera barn och föräldrar som kommer sent. Det blir ofta ett dilemma när olika värden ställs mot varandra så som kollegornas olika synsätt på verksamheten och på lärande, individ och gruppens behov och strukturer och regler mot vad som är praktiskt i situationen. Jag inleder essän med två berättelser om situationer från mitt arbete i förskolan som illustrerar dilemmat. Dessa situationer tar jag sedan som utgångspunkt när jag reflekterar över dilemmat med hjälp av olika teorier.

The purpose of this study was to find out why the law that regulates downloading copyrighted material does not work and which of the most important main reasons lies behind downloading behaviour. The phenomenon being well investigated earlier has actualized a new demand for normative investigation in connection with the hot debated IPRED-law.Using qualitative method comprising of interviews with three typical file sharers and anchored in Max Webers action typology, rational choice theory and the norm model followed by two assessment models, we found that four important reasons lies behind downloading behaviour: 1) economical reasons was the most central and frequent determinant followed by 2) accessibility and comfort, and 3) social acceptance and moral and also 4) habits. Although the content of the law was correctly provided by the interviewees, it was clear that they did not perceive the impact of the law as meaningful or threatening.The results, being compatible with previous research, are discussed in terms of the named theories and assessment models. We suggest further research to take into account peoples norms as the new IPRED-law soon will be functional as well as studies from a perspective of the legal rights of the individual..

A patient simulator for testing anaesthesia machines has been developed at Maquet Critical Care AB, to reduce costly and time-consuming experiments on animals. The device simulates human lungs regarding lung dynamics and volume, uptake of anaesthetic agents and the production of carbon dioxide, heat and moisture. Further demands on the simulator are durability and size; the device shall be compact enough to be moveable.The resulting simulator fulfils the requirements and enables better repeatability and ability to test extreme cases than experiments on animals do.Uptake of the anaesthetic agent is achieved in a active carbon filter and controlled by regulating the flow. The flow is created by a regenerative blower and controlled using a proportional valve. The uptake can be set by the user or by a simple uptake model modified to recursively handle changes in the concentration of anaesthetic agent.Carbon dioxide is fed into the system from a tank by a mass flow regulator.

AbstractThis study is based on my work as a secondary school teacher of literature and the Swedish language and rooted in my interest in developing knowledge about the importance of teaching literature in order to both cultivate young people?s reading habits and their view of themselves as readers. The more concrete purpose of this study is to examine a reading project that focuses on theories of literary perception and teaching literature.I examine four pupils who, in 2003, participated in the reading project as readers and compare this description with their view of themselves as readers seven years later. I complete the study by examining how they discuss reading and the teaching of literature. The method is qualitative and the empirics include materiel collected in two different time periods: first in 2003, in a class I taught in a secondary school; and second in 2010, when I examined four of the former pupils who participated in the project from 2003.

Scientific research shows that humans regain their strength when they are spending time in nature. Ulrich, Kaplan & Kaplan, among others, has shown in their research that nature can reduce stress and decrease the after effects of stress. Lund University Hospital, USiL, is a big working place and has a large number of patients. To be a patient often means that you lose control of your daily life which could cause stress. For the personnel high workload can be a stress factor.

This thesis treats the topic of user-generated comments connected with news stories on news sites, meaning electronic word-of-mouth combined with PR. The writers have examined how different types of comments affect consumers' perception of the article and also what communication effects these comments generate in terms of attitudes, purchase intent and word-of-mouth intent. The results interesting to the news site owners, is that lots of comments and negative comments generate a negative effect by making the actual article less credible, attractive and worth reading (relative to the subsequent comments). On the positive side, serious comments imply that the news story is perceived as more interesting, than a news story followed by non-serious comments. From a brand equity perspective, the interesting results show that few comments compared to lots of comments, generate a better attitude to the brand, even though there is no difference in how positive or negative the comments are.

The aim of this essay is to investigate to which extent the novel Kvinnor och äppelträd by Moa Martinson can be classified as a polyphonic novel. The concept polyphony was established in literary theory by the Russian language theorist and literary critic Michail Bachtin in 1929, in his book Problems of Dostoevsky?s poetics. In order to understand and comprehend the concept of polyphony I have used an interpretation due to the literature scholar Robyn McCallum. She notes that the characters in a polyphonic novel function as focalizers.

Syftet med uppsatsen är att studera beteende hos lead users angående deras förvaring ochkonsumtion av kaffe. Genom att göra en jämförelse med icke lead users har vi undersöktom lead users uppvisar ett avvikande beteende. Vi har även utifrån svaren kunnat geförslag på lösningar om hur kaffeförvaring kan utformas och förbättras.Utifrån 40 intervjuer med kaffekonsumenter har vi försökt urskilja lead users. Vi harutgått från en modell som vi utvecklat tillsammans och som bygger på tidigare teorier. Vihar poängsatt alla frågor och multiplicerat med viktningsgraden.

The challenge that companies currently face in their attempts to break through the media clutter has resulted in an increased use of provocative advertising worldwide. History shows that this strategy can result in a brand crisis due to negative consumer sentiment. Despite this fact, advertisement generated crisis remain a relatively unexplored field in the academic world of marketing. The objective of this thesis is to further explore crisis creation from provocative advertising, evaluate the affiliated negative consumer consequences, and to examine the effects of two contrasting company strategies to remedy these types of crisis situations. An experiment was conducted on Swedish and Norwegian students in order to examine whether the communication and information sharing between the target consumers and others could explain the development and consequences of provocative advertisement crisis due to its psychological effects.

This report describes the background, approach, and the final results for the presentation tool PresenteraMera.PresenteraMera is an online-based, interactive presentation tool that is created to improve the quality of sales presentations and simplify the creation of presentations. The client for this project is Dempsey, a digital advertising agency and production company with headquarters in Stockholm. PresenteraMera consists of several features that make it easier for businesses to create, edit and display their presentations. The tool also allows the user to always be sure that the presentations created with PresenteraMera follows a specific design, based on their graphic manual for example..

Litteraturstudiens syfte var att beskriva vilka copingresurser som individer med långvarig smärta använder sig av samt hur dessa resurser förbättrar eller försämrar individernas möjlighet att acceptera sin smärta. Designen för litteraturstudien var deskriptiv och studien baserades på 17 vetenskapliga artiklar med både kvantitativ och kvalitativ ansats. Litteratursökningarna utfördes i databaserna Medline (via PubMed) samt CINAHL. Huvudresultatet visade att individer med långvarig smärta använde sig av inre copingresurser som fysiska och psykosociala copingresurser samt förmågor vid acceptans av långvarig smärta. Individer använde sig även av yttre copingresurser som socialt stöd och materiella copingresurser.

The environmental demands are increasing when it comes to product development. EcoDesign isabout minimizing the environmental impact of a product, considering the entire life cycle of it,without compromising other qualities like function or cost. In this master of science thesis amobile phone has been analysed with Ten Golden Rules in EcoDesign regarding production, useand End of Life. Also a functional and an environmental profile were made. The goal was tomake a new concept phone, based on the previous analysis, which communicates userfriendlinessand sustainable development.

The purpose of this study is to explore the relations between foster parents and their foster children, what kind of motivation there is behind their involvement in foster children, how they experience the commission and what good parenting mean to them. The study is including eight foster parents. They have experience of both long and short placement of foster children. The results show that all these foster families have at least one child that they have a good relationship with. It is important to know that those children either have spent many years in foster families or arrived to foster families when they were very young or as infants.