Antibiotika används inom både human- och veterinärmedicinen världen över för att bota och förebygga infektiösa sjukdomar. Idag finns ett tiotal olika antibiotikagrupper med olika verkningsmekanismer och antimikrobiella spektra. Sulfonamid och trimetoprim, ?-laktamantibiotika, tetracykliner, aminoglykosider, makrolider och fluorokinoloner är de vanligaste. Hos häst används antibiotika för att behandla olika bakteriella infektioner orsakade av patogener som Streptococcus spp., Stafylococcus spp., Rhodococcus equi, Klebsiella spp., Actinobacillus spp.

The aim of the project was to investigate if Swedish rodents, brown rat (Rattus norvegicus), house mouse (Mus musculus), wood mouse (Apodemus spp) and water vole (Arvicola terrestris) captured in pig herds and in urban areas, constitute a reservoir for pathogenic Leptospira spp. Under Swedish conditions leptospirosis gives rise to reproductive disorders in pigs and symptoms of flu in humans. It has long been established that rodents are chronic carriers of pathogenic leptospires in their kidneys, and can spread the bacteria with urine. The old nomenclature of serovoars is still in use, but a new system of genetic classification has developed and today the genus Leptospira contains 17 species. There are several diagnostic test developed for leptospirosis.

Wastewater contains biodegradable materials, which are often measured as BOD7.Trickling filters are sometimes used as a purification step for BOD-reduction. Atrickling filter is a tower, which is filled with a carrier material. Microorganisms growon the carrier material in the form of a biofilm. This biofilm consists mostly of bacteriathat purify water from BOD.In Älgarås? wastewater treatment plant the water is purified by a trickling filter.However the treatment plant has difficulties reaching the emission requirements forBOD.

The aim of the project was to investigate if Swedish rodents, brown rat (Rattus norvegicus), house mouse (Mus musculus), wood mouse (Apodemus spp) and water vole (Arvicola terrestris) captured in pig herds and in urban areas, constitute a reservoir for pathogenic Leptospira spp. Under Swedish conditions leptospirosis gives rise to reproductive disorders in pigs and symptoms of flu in humans. It has long been established that rodents are chronic carriers of pathogenic leptospires in their kidneys, and can spread the bacteria with urine. The old nomenclature of serovoars is still in use, but a new system of genetic classification has developed and today the genus Leptospira contains 17 species. There are several diagnostic test developed for leptospirosis.

Lameness causes suffering and poor performance in sheep, as in other species. The cause of lameness often originates in problems of the claws. Many claw diseases of sheep are described in British and Australian research, but this field has previously not been of special concern in Sweden. This graduate thesis contains the first claw health survey made on Swedish sheep. The chief objective was to give an overview of sheep claw diseases and to assess claw health in adult sheep.

During the period of occupation of Norway between the years 1940-1945 the National Lutheran Church took the responsibility of supporting the Norweigans in their ideological battle against the Nazis. This was a period named Holdningskampen in Norwegian history. One person to remember was Eivind Berggrav, bishop in Oslo diocese. He was the one responsible for the theological document of importance Kirkens Grunn that became important as a document against the Nazis and the small percentage of Christians that related to the naziinspired-church. Berggrav was also one of the founders of Den Midlertidlige Kirkeledelsen, the organisation responsible for the non-nazified churches.

ABSTRACTChlamydia and Chlamydophila are species of a family of bacteria (Chlamydiaceae) that cause a range of diseases, including conjunctivitis, in a variety of animals including pigs and humans. Some species cause zoonotic disease. This study examined the occurrence of Chlamydiaceae in samples taken from the lower eyelid conjunctiva in pigs with and without conjunctivitis. The study was initiated based on a herd investigation aimed to examine the experienced increase of conjunctivitis in some finisher herds. This study was conducted as a case-control study, by collecting samples from 62 case pigs (16-26 weeks old) and an equal number of controls, from three herds in Uppland, Sweden.

etta arbete belyser det för hästnäringen stora problemet ekvina placentiter från en veterinärmedicinsk synvinkel. Ekvin placentit betyder moderkaksinflammation hos häst. De vanligaste orsakande virusen, EHV-1 och EVA, samt ett mykotiskt agens, Histoplasma, tas upp. Bakteriella placentiter är dock mycket oftare förekommande. Därför diskuteras inte bara de tre agens som är vanligast; Streptococcus zooepidemicus, Escherichia coli och Pseudomonas aeruginosa, utan även två bakteriella agens på snabb frammarsch; Leptospira spp.

etta arbete belyser det för hästnäringen stora problemet ekvina placentiter från en veterinärmedicinsk synvinkel. Ekvin placentit betyder moderkaksinflammation hos häst. De vanligaste orsakande virusen, EHV-1 och EVA, samt ett mykotiskt agens, Histoplasma, tas upp. Bakteriella placentiter är dock mycket oftare förekommande. Därför diskuteras inte bara de tre agens som är vanligast; Streptococcus zooepidemicus, Escherichia coli och Pseudomonas aeruginosa, utan även två bakteriella agens på snabb frammarsch; Leptospira spp.

Broad beans are becoming a larger crop in Sweden. This is probably due to the current discussion about the cultivation of soya beans that are imported to be used as protein fodder. Broad beans are a good break crop in a small grain intensive crop rotation and works as a protein source for animals together with for example ley. At present little research has been done on broad beans and more knowledge is needed. This study is about fungal communities and diseases on broad beans and the impact of these fungi on seed germination.

Persistent pink in beef patties and hamburgers is a problem in the meat industry that has been known for a few decades. It is a costly problem as it can give rejections of food by consumers. Studies around the world have tried to solve the problem but it still remains a mystery. There are many different theories of what is causing the red colour. Some of the most likly theories are reducing hemocromes, high microbiological loads, contamination of nitrite or organic/non organic substanses, DFD meat etc.

It has been observed by both onion producers and a plant protection advisor on Öland (an island off the east coast of Sweden) that basal rot is the largest contributory factor to reduced onion quality and yield. Basal rot is mainly caused by species of Fusarium fungi. The aim of this study was to: a) investigate which species of Fusarium that can be found in onion produced on Öland, b) describe the symptoms caused by the different Fusarium fungi found and c) explore, through interviews with the onion producers on Öland, the mechanisms that may be involved in the observed increase in basal rot.Onion bulbs (Allium cepa) were sampled on two occasions. In total 181 onions from 11 different fields were analysed. In addition, eight onion producers were interviewed.

Bakgrund: ESBL är ett enzym som kan produceras av bakterier i tarmens normalflora och gör bakterien motståndskraftig ?resistent- mot många antibiotika. För den enskilde individen får det konsekvenser vid en infektion orsakad av ESBL-bildande tarmbakterier, och då behandling krävs. De som infekteras med dessa bakterier riskerar att svara dåligt på behandling med våra vanligaste antibiotika, och det kan krävas inläggning på sjukhus även vid banala infektioner.Syfte: Att fördjupa kunskapen om vad det innebär för den enskilda individen att drabbas av ESBL-bildande tarmbakterier.Metod. En modifierad variant av Grounded Theory användes som analysmetod av sju öppna intervjuer.Resultat: I analysen växte kärnkategorin Att bli utkastad i det skrämmande och okända utan karta och kompass fram.

In Peru guinea pigs are raised for meat production and salmonellosis is considered as a major problem. Studies have detected salmonella in animals with enteritis and pneumonia. Salmonellosis exists both in an acute and a chronic form. In the rural areas the diagnosis is made according to clinical signs and macro pathological findings at autopsy. The major systems applied for the guinea pig production are often classified as family, family-commercial and commercial. These systems differ in number of animals and how industrialised they are.

Kvarstående betäckningsinducerad endometrit är ett stort problem inom hästnäringen och så även andra typer av endometrit. Detta är den främsta orsaken till infertilitet hos ston. Vissa ston är nämligen oförmögna att klara av den inflammatoriska reaktion som normalt följer av betäckning (för att eliminera sperma och patogener) eller så drabbas de lättare av kroniskt infektiös endometrit, oavsett betäckning. Det finns otaliga förslag till förklaringar till varför de inte kan hålla uterus fri från inflammation såsom defekta myometriekontraktioner, stoets reproduktionshistoria eller anatomiska aspekter (t.ex. pneumovagina, otillräckliga mekaniska barriärer eller en horisontell uterus).