The essay, based on interviews with eight people, deals with name changes from a foreign-sounding name to Swedish-sounding name. The aim is to investigate the reasons behind the name change and whether experiences of ethnic discrimination were among these reasons. Furthermore, I explore the consequences of the name change, and whether the name change was an effective strategy to avoid ethnic discrimination. The study employs qualitative method; I carry out eight interviews with four women and four men, and analyze the empirical material by means of post-colonial theory in which categorizing, otherness and passing are significant terms. The results show that the name change takes place primarily to reduce a sense of otherness, and the discursively locked positions a foreign-sounding name creates.

Even though discrimination of gender in schools and general workplaces is prohibited by Swedish law, there are reports and witness accounts that suggest that discrimination, such as sexual harassment, still exist in Swedish schools.The main purpose with this essay is to look into how questions concerning gender related issues and equality between the sexes is treated in the schools governmental directives, and in textbooks, such trying to examine in what way these questions are addressed in schools. I will answer the following:In what way and to what extent do the governmental directives bring up questions concerning gender related issues and equality, and how are the teachers governed into teaching these matters?Has there been any change concerning these matters between Lgr-80 and Lpo-94?What is written in textbooks in social studies about gender rôle and equality and to what extent do they follow the curriculum?Is there any visible change in textbooks written after Lgr-80 and Lpo-94?In order to answer these questions I will analyze the curricula, Lgr-80 and Lpo-94, and textbooks in social studies written on the basis of these curricula.The study showed a more evident governing towards an active teaching and mentoring the students to equality between the sexes, in Lgr-80 than in Lpo-94. The textbooks followed above all Lgr-80 in three of four cases and in the fourth case the curriculum was not followed at all..

 Genotyping can be used to link genetic variation among individuals to certain diseases or conditions. Some known disorders and states that are dependent on single nucleotide polymorphism (SNPs) are lactose intolerance, venous thrombosis, hereditary hemochromatosis and the difference in sensibility among people to metabolise drugs.In this project a new kit, TaqManÒ Sample-to-SNP KitÔ for extraction of DNA and preparation of the extract for genotyping with real-time PCR and allelic discrimination, was evaluated. QIAamp® DNA Blood Biorobot® MDx Kit was used as the reference method.The purpose of the comparison was to find a method that makes DNA extraction from blood samples cheaper and faster, but with the same reliability as the reference procedure.The results of the evaluation showed a complete agreement of the genotype results between the methods tested, which means that the new method was as reliable as the reference method. The costs of reagents and material would be reduced with 52% if the new method is adopted, that alone would result in a cost reduction of 144 000SEK a year with a sample volume of 650 samples/month. The time for DNA extraction would also be reduced with the new procedure. .

The legal right to take time off from work to care for one`s children has been regulated in Swedish law since late 1930. This right was limited to mothers and was provided under restricted forms. There was a long qualification period and the length of parental leave was limited.Since then, the right to parental leave has been extended through several modifications of the law. The question of equality in both the labour market and the private sector has been one of the greatest forces behind these changes. By including men in the right to take parental leave, the work place has become more equal and it is now considered a natural part of the employee?s life to request time off to care for children.Labour Arbitration Court has shown through its case law that equality in the work place is of the utmost importance and has shown its support in this matter through its judgements.

AbstractSweden is a country with good reputation when it comes to questions aboutequality. The definition of equality is not always explicit though. The aim of thisthesis is to examine what Swedish equality is and what it should be. By studyingdescriptions of equality and discrimination in the political programs of the partiesof the Swedish parliament from the sixties until today, I examine which groupsare included and excluded from the concept of equality. The analyse shows thatthe concept initially was only referring to class matters.

Drivkraften till att människor reser har länge ansetts vara behovet att åka till en geografisk plats för att där utföra någon typ av aktivitet. Med dagens informations- ochkommunikationsteknik (IKT) har vår virtuella rörlighet ökat och således är vardagens aktiviteter inte lika bundna till en specifik plats. Resenärer numera använda IKT till att utföra aktiviteter redan under restiden. Genom att vi då kan använda tiden till fler aktiviteter kan det bidra till att restiden blir värdefull och inte bara en transportsträcka fram till målet. I takt med att det de senaste åren skett en mobil explosion har också tillgängligheten till IKT ökat under resan.Studien syftar till att undersöka vad människor ägnar sin restid åt när de pendlar regionalt och hur de ser på värdet av restiden.

The objective of this paper is to describe and analyze female irregular immigrants and their experience of how relationships with other people affect their lives and identity.A qualitative method is used in the study, because my main purpose is to analyse the respondents? lives and life experiences. The analysis is based on a symbolic interactionism perspective. The results are also analyzed based on previous research and the concepts underlying the paper; irregular immigrants, discrimination, power and identity.In summary, the respondents have a clear picture of how they live and experience their relationship to others and themselves and how this affects their lives and identity.Their experiences affect their lives and influence their behaviour and identity when they interact with others. Their own view of their situation means that they are afraid to seek care or report sexual abuse, threats or other similar conditions.

Mobbning är ett problem som framför allt finns i skolans miljö och som kan leda till allvarliga konsekvenser för alla inblandade. Då begreppet har olika definitioner, kan det dessutom vara svårt att upptäcka. Den svenska skolan är obligatorisk och det förebyggande arbetet mot mobbning som där bedrivs är därför viktigt. Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka hur en skola definierar begreppet mobbning och om det påverkar det arbetssätt som används för att motverka mobbning. Undersökningen ägde rum på en grundskola med årskurserna F-6, där individuella intervjuer genomfördes med rektorn och två av skolans pedagoger.

The purpose of my essay is on one hand to research and evaluate the measures that one intermediate school in Sweden, uses in order to prevent bullying and stop it in the event that one pupil happens to get bullied or harassed. In other words, I would like to show how that school is capable of creating a safe environment. Qualitative research is used to obtain these findings.On the other hand, I also wish to examine what pupils at the school think about these measures and how they perceive the attitudes of the school?s teachers and management regarding the prevention of bullying. In order to acquire this information quantitative research is used.The conclusions that I draw after conducting my research are as follows:1- Regarding the ?Anti ? bullying Performance Plan?, my essay shows that school teachers and management actively work in order to maintain a safe environment and as a result bullying is successfully prevented the school.

Iliotibialt friktions syndrom (ITFS) är en av de vanligaste överbelastningsskadorna som drabbar knäet. Traditionellt har skadan betraktats som ett friktionssyndrom, senare studier har dock hävdat att en kompression av underliggande fettvävnad är orsaken till diagnosen. Etiologin och patologin bakom diagnosen har därmed inte kunnat fastställas. Kliniskt tillämpas stretching, styrketräning av höftabuktorer, neuromuskulär korrigering och myofaschiella behandlingsmetoder i rehabiliteringen av ITFS. Syftet med denna litteraturstudie var att sammanställa det vetenskapliga underlaget för behandlingsmetoder vid iliotibialt friktions syndrom.

AbstraktStudien ifrågasätter huruvida diskrimineringslagens är tillräcklig eller inte. Internationella granskningsrapporter om diskrimineringssituationen i Sverige har undersökts så väl som rättsfall och forskning i Sverige. I analysen lyfts de argument fram som de internationella granskningsorganen belyst i sina rapporter. Dessa argument behandlas tillsammans med den socialkonstruktivistiska och den intersektionella teorin. Undersökningen har visat att de internationella granskningskommittéerna ser viss betydande diskriminering i samhället.

Uppsatsens syfte är att undersöka hur lärare förklarar hur mobbning uppstår och hur lärare agerar för att stoppa pågående mobbning. Frågeställningarna är: Vad tror verksamma lärare är den främsta orsaken till mobbning? Hur gör verksamma lärare för att stoppa pågående mobbning? Skiljer sig lärares förklaringar om och agerande mot mobbning från forskningens teorier om mobbning och hur den bäst bekämpas? Tidigare forskning inriktad på lärarnas vardagspraktik mot mobbning saknas. Undersökningens resultat diskuteras mot bakgrund av främst svensk mobbningsforskning och anti-mobbningsprogram. Resultatet beskrivs och förklaras utifrån problemställningen om lärarnas handlande överensstämmer med eller avviker från forskningsbaserade teorier.

In this study thoughts of the individual?s right to equality are considered. By using critical ideology analysis the central tools of the study are strongly connected with thoughts of representation, equality, individual and collective rights, equal opportunities and possibilities and discrimination. In critical ideology analysis nothing can be automatically visible to us and critical ideology analysis is a method as well as a theory.A central point in this study is to investigate whether there are oppositional views or unanimity in the debate of affirmative action. The debate is still under ?construction?, which means that the debate has not yet come up with a solution to the problems of discrimination.

In this study thoughts of the individual?s right to equality are considered. By using critical ideology analysis the central tools of the study are strongly connected with thoughts of representation, equality, individual and collective rights, equal opportunities and possibilities and discrimination. In critical ideology analysis nothing can be automatically visible to us and critical ideology analysis is a method as well as a theory.A central point in this study is to investigate whether there are oppositional views or unanimity in the debate of affirmative action. The debate is still under ?construction?, which means that the debate has not yet come up with a solution to the problems of discrimination.

The single market is one of the underlying ideas of the European Union. Free movement of goods and efficient competition are central for the function of the union and are therefore carefully protected by the Treaty of Rome. Exclusive rights of trademarks in the EU can be seen as a method of dividing the common market, preventing the free movement of goods and to be anti-competitive. What comes out of this is that there is a conflict between exclusive rights of trademarks and the rules of both free movement of goods and competition. The aim of this work is to see in which kind of situations the exclusive rights of trademarks can be a part of this conflict but also to study how this problem is resolved by the European Court.