Ekologisk odling av trädgårdsblåbär är möjlig och ofta fördelaktig då blåbär har krav på jorden och kvävetillförsel som lätt kan åtgärdas med ekologiska metoder. Odling av trädgårdsblåbär är tämligen nytt i Sverige och erfarenheterna är begränsade. Detta arbete har skrivits för att öka kunskaperna kring jordförhållanden, pH och kvävegödsling vid plantering och odling av trädgårdsblåbär.Trädgårdsblåbär trivs i sura jordar med hög mullhalt och mår bra av organiska gödselmedel. För att göra odlingsplatsen mer passande för blåbär kan pH justeras till mellan 4.0-5.5 och mullhalten i en mineraljord kan med fördel höjas. Mullhalten kan ökas samtidigt som pH sänks genom jordförbättring med torv eller komposterad barrträdsflis eller bark.

Nitrogen deposition leads to environmental damage in areas where the nitrogen deposition is high. Southwest Sweden receives an annual nitrogen deposition of up to 20 kg N/ha. Nitrogen that is not assimilated by the vegetation is accumulated in the soil, which may lead to nitrogen saturation and an elevated risk of nitrogen leaching. Nitrogen leaching from forest areas in southern Sweden has proven to be higher than from agricultural areas, which have been thought to be the main contributors to elevated nitrogen levels in rivers and lakes. The amount of nitrogen that leaches depends on the fraction of the total nitrogen in the soil that consists of nitrate, since nitrate is easily transported through the soil.

Den traditionella synen på avloppssystemen gällande god hälsa och minimerad påverkan på omgivande miljö, tenderar att mer och mer inriktas mot låg resursförbrukning samt återförsel av näringsämnen. Urin utgör cirka 1% av hushållens avloppsvattenflöde, men innehåller ca 80% av kvävet, 60% av kaliumet och cirka 50% av fosforn som finns i hushållens avloppsvatten. Innehållet av kväve, kalium och fosfor utgör ca 15-20% av Sveriges konstgödselanvändning. Tungmetallinnnehållet i urin är jämförelsevis lågt. Sammantaget gör detta källsorterad urin intressant att studera ur näringsåterförselsynpunkt.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects on a simulated wastewater plant regarding GHG emissions and use of energy and resources when implementing source separated wastewater systems. The effects were studied for different restrictions of effluent quality and for different temperatures on the influent. The simulation model BSM2G calibrated for Käppala wastewater treatment plant was used. The task was executed by simulating nine different scenarios with an increase in influent load from new connections equivalent to 3, 10 and 30 % of the present connections. These new connections were served by conventional, urine separated or black water separated systems.

Kvävgas kan inte tas upp direkt av växter men genom biologisk kvävefixering kan vissa symbiosbildande bakterier omvandla kvävgas till Ammonium. Med bakteriens hjälp kan en växt tillgodogöra sig Ammonium och på så sätt bilda protein. Ett exempel på denna typ av symbios är den som kan uppstå mellan en särskild grupp av bakterier, Rhizobium ssp och baljväxter, så kallad rotknölssymbios. Detta är ett exempel på en ekosystemtjänst, en fördelaktig interaktion mellan växt och mikroorganism, som gynnar alla parter, inklusive människan som odlar baljväxten. Hur allmän förekomsten av Rhizobium genotyper är i svenska odlingsjordar är ej klart dokumenterad och därför är frågan om behovet av inokulering av utsäden fortsatt aktuell.

This bachelor thesis discusses firefighting and the use of portable fireextinguishers in the salvageof historic artefacts focusing on textiles. It also looks into the use of multi-purpose dry chemicalextinguishers in a textile context and the impact the actual dry-agent has on textiles afterfirefighting.Literature studies, interviews and tests on different textiles were carried out to write this thesis.During the tests textiles were exposed to the dry agent and also to dry agent plus water toinvestigate the difference in residue. After vacuumcleaning it was clear that when the textile wasexposed to dry agent and water it was almost impossible to remove the chemical without rinsingin water.By examining the residue left on the textile using SEM it was possible to see if a textile was aswell decontaminated after vacuum-cleaning as it looks to the eye. We know that the dry agentoften consists of Ammonium phosphate which acts corrosively on many materials and one canassume it damages textiles as well after longer exposure.Buildings housing cultural collections are vulnerable as we cannot easily replace ruined materialwith new.

During the summer 2007 was a scrubber tested at Gruvön papper mill in Grums. The scrubber reduced NOx with 90 % in flue gas. NOx was transferred from the flue gas to a scrubber liquid as nitrate and nitrite. The scrubber liquid needs to be purified from nitrate and nitrite. One possible solution is to clean the scrubber liquid in Gruvön biologic cleaning construction.Microorganisms in the biologic cleaning construction need to assimilate nitrogen. There are environments free from oxygen in the cleaning construction.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate enantioselective analytical methods by separation of the enantiomers of four drugs (citalopram, zopiclone, tramadol and methylphenidate) and their metabolites. The analyses were performed with HPLC-UV with columns whose stationary phases were based on macrocyclic glycopeptides (Chirobiotic V, V2 and T) and polysaccharides (Lux Cellulose-1, Cellulose-2 and Amylose-2).The Chirobiotic V column showed high selectivity for citalopram and its metabolites. High resolution was obtained using a mobile phase consisting of methanol, acetic acid and ammonia. High selectivity for the enantiomers of zopiclone and its metabolites were obtained on the Cellulose-2 column using a mobile phase consisting of acetonitrile and Ammonium acetate buffer.The enantiomers of tramadol were separated with the Amylose-2 column. However, changes in the pressure arose, probably caused by the additive NH4HCO3.

Biogasprocessen är en komplex anaerob nedbrytningskedja där olika mikroorganismer är inblandade. Vanligast är att biogas produceras i mesofil rötning (cirka 38 oC), men även termofil rötning används (> 50 oC).Svensk Biogas i Norrköping använder återstoden av etanoldestillationen hos en närliggande etanolproducent (drankvatten) som substrat. Substratets höga temperatur vid leverans motiverar termofilt rötningsförsök av drankvatten.Försöket genomfördes i 55 oC med två kontinuerligt omrörda tankreaktorer (CSTR) och en termofil ymp. Biogasproduktion av drankvatten undersöktes. Sätt att hantera och motverka höga Ammoniumhalter, samt effekter av näringslösningstillsats undersöktes.

Att lufta biologiska bassänger vid ett avloppsreningsverk är en mycket energikrävande process. Genom att reglera lufttillförseln kan processen optimeras så att den blir så energisnål som möjligt men samtidigt bidrar till en god kvalitet på utgående vatten. Regleringen bör då ske vid flera punkter längs med en bassäng. I detta projekt har regleringen av syrehalten i aktivslamanläggningen vid Himmerfjärdsverket utvärderats och ett försök till förbättring av processen har genomförts. Verket har efterdenitrifikation varför aktivslamanläggningen enbart består av en luftad del där nitrifikation och oxidation av organiskt material sker.

The effect of inoculation on containerized pine and spruce seedlings in a nursery with two ectomycorrhizal fungi was investigated in regard to the development of mycorrhiza and plant growth. The fungi were Elaphomyces muricatus and Elaphomyces granulates and the inoculated seedlings were compared to an uninoculated control. These seedlings were all fertilized with arginine. Five mycorrhiza species were found after DNA sequencing of the mycorrhizal root tips with different found morphotypes on seedlings from all treatments. Thelephora terrestris was the type which had the greatest distribution on pine seedlings and Tylospora asterophora was found at big extent on spruce seedlings. The inoculated species was not found, if it was due to the species hadn?t colonized the roots or if the DNA sequencing failed we can only speculate about.

The short term effect of phosphorus in sewage sludge was investigated to establish howmuch of this a farmer can grant him- or herself, if using sewage sludge as a phosphorusfertilizer. Possible differences in plant availability between sludge phosphorus precipitatedby iron, aluminum or calcium integrations were studied in a sandy soil at two pH levels.The sludges were analyzed using pot and incubation trials. As the intention was to investigategrowth limitation due to phosphorus deficiency, a soil with low phosphorus supplywas chosen as well as a low phosphorus application rate. Sludge corresponding to 12kg phosphorus per hectare was applied. Treatments fertilized by sludge were compared totreatments where 0, 6 and 12 kg phosphorus per hectare from mineral fertilizer was applied.Every treatment was replicated six times.

Detta examensarbete har utförts vid Sundets avloppsreningsverk i Växjö och avhandlar rejektvattenbehandling med SBR-teknik (satsvis biologisk reningsteknik). Uppgiften har varit att ge förslag till en förbättrad rejektvattneprocess. Rejektvattnet som är mycket kväverikt behandlas med SBR-teknik. Varje sats genomgår nitrifikation och denitrifikation. Vid försök att få processen att fungera har vikten lagts vid att få en fungerande nitrifikation.

This study was carried out at the Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Dept. of Agricultural Research for Northern Sweden. The aim of the study was to determine how plant species richness and diversity influence the nitrogen pools and nitrogen fluxes in the soil. Plant and soil samples from a biodiversity experiment in grasslands were used. Thirty plots with 12 grassland plant species (legumes, grasses, and non-legume herbs), combined from 1-12 species were investigated.

The short term effect of phosphorus in sewage sludge was investigated to establish howmuch of this a farmer can grant him- or herself, if using sewage sludge as a phosphorusfertilizer. Possible differences in plant availability between sludge phosphorus precipitatedby iron, aluminum or calcium integrations were studied in a sandy soil at two pH levels.The sludges were analyzed using pot and incubation trials. As the intention was to investigategrowth limitation due to phosphorus deficiency, a soil with low phosphorus supplywas chosen as well as a low phosphorus application rate. Sludge corresponding to 12kg phosphorus per hectare was applied. Treatments fertilized by sludge were compared totreatments where 0, 6 and 12 kg phosphorus per hectare from mineral fertilizer was applied.Every treatment was replicated six times.