Introduction. Infection Prevention is one of the surgical nurses' main responsibilities. One of the steps which patients undergo in this purpose before surgery is the preoperative skin desinfektion. Background. The patient washes the day before surgery with Descutan cutaneous sponge 4 %, a sponge containing chlorhexidine.

In this study it was investigated if the adoption of a new routine for quality control could improve the precision of the dimension measurement obtained by harvesters. Data was collected from three different harvesters. First, a reference data set was collected before the new procedures had been incorporated, and then when the new methodology was implemented another data set was collected by the harvester operators, allowing the two data set to be compered. The results indicated that following the implementation of the new procedures, the reliability and the precision of the measurements has increased. All harvesters included in the study had improved regarding most of the controlled factors such as standard deviation, systematic difference and hit rate within ± 2 cm for length and ± 4 mm for diameter..

ABSTRACTIntroduction: Postoperative wound infection is the third most common nosocomial infection in Sweden. The ever-growing problem of antibiotic resistance provides surgical departments a big challenge when it comes to preventing the spread of infection. Operating theatre nurses have a vital role in the prevention of infection. In addition, correct ventilation in the operating theatre is of great importance. The caregiver is responsible for quality assurance of ventilation in the operating theatre, but the work can be delegated to other staff within the department.

Introduction: Balance between the essential nutritive substances is important for aperson to maintain health. The surgical patient can be stricken with conditions, whichhave a negative impact on this balance and can lead to malnutrition. Working as a nurseit is important to identify patients that are malnourished or is in the risk zone ofmalnourishment since 30 % of all patients in hospitals are malnourished.Aim: The aim of this study was to examine the compliance to the guidelines fornutritional assessment and parenteral nutrition on a surgical ward. Also whether thenutritional treatment/-support was reported to the next caregivers if the patient wasmalnourished or was in the risk zone of malnourishment at the time of discharge.Method: 80 patients enrolled on the ward in the beginning of year 2011 were included.Audit of patient records was made according to the hospital guidelines for nutrition andparenteral nutrition and followed a study specific protocol.Results: The examination of the case records showed that the guidelines for nutritionwere partly complied with. Nutritional treatment/-support was reported to the nextcaregivers when needed.

Introduction: A big part of the patients that recently has gone through operation at surgical units experiences pain in different scales after their operation. Untreated postoperative pain has been proved in different studies to increase to risk medical complications, longer rehabilitation, more days at the hospital and higher expenses for the hospital. One of the nurses? main tasks is to notice and relieve the pain of the patients. To engage the patients more in the medical process and make the nurses´ work more person-centered could make an impact on the postoperative pain and contribute to a better pain relief.

Surgical site infections are a recurrent problem in veterinary medicine. A 2-5 % infection rate in clean surgery has been reported. During the last years the increase in methicillin resistant staphylococci has also taken its toll on veterinary medicine, demanding a stricter hygiene and antibiotic regime. The 2008 outbreak of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) at the University animal hospital, Swedish University of Agriculture indicated that that the MRSA problem was now a real, possibly zoonotic problem.Since the first dog, in Sweden, was diagnosed as a carrier of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius (MRSP) in a study in 2006, the infection rate by this bacterium has increased. In 2009 (January 1st - December 2nd) the National Veterinary Institute (SVA) has identified 58 samples as MRSP positive.

Sweden?s animal legislation was adopted in 1988 and is one of the most rigorous legislations in the world. Despite this, Sweden import beef from countries where animal legislation is not in accordance to the Swedish legislation. The meat consumption in Sweden has, just like the importation of beef, increased while Sweden?s own beef production has decreased.

Background: The use of digital marketing channels during the last years has increased significantly, especially the use of marketing on the Internet. Hence the communication chart of marketing has been redrawn. The technological development has had a major impact on the marketing discipline. The integration of information technology and marketing has resulted in the emergence of a new field, namely e-marketing. Hence the need for further research is desirable.Purpose: The purpose of this study is to examine alternative marketing procedures that a company can apply to increase the digital awareness and manage their customer relationships.Theoretical framework: Theories regarding digital marketing cycle, SEO and customer relationship.Method: This research is based on data collected through a primary semi-structured interview with a company active in the corporate information industry which also provides a RFQ service.

Som operationssjuksköterskor med lång erfarenhet av operationssjukvård har diskussioner kring munskyddets vara eller icke vara funnits, huruvida munskyddet verkligen skyddar patienten mot postoperativ infektion, eller varför munskydd egentligen behövs. I rollen som operationssjuksköterska ingår ett ansvar för patientens säkerhet, däribland ingår att se till att hygienrutiner följs.Om en patient får en postoperativ infektion orsakar det ett extra stort lidande för patienten, vilket även kan innebära att vårdtiden blir längre. Om operationssjuksköterskor kan undvika detta lidande för patienten genom att använda och hantera skyddsutrustningen i form av munskydd på rätt sätt uppnås ett av målen på operationssalen. Problemformuleringen är: på vilka vetenskapliga grunder rekommenderas användandet av munskydd? Syftet med studien är att beskriva på vilka grunder munskydd bör användas på operation.Metoden är litteraturstudie som är en litteraturöversikt.

Septic tenosynovitis involving the digital sheath is a relatively common problem in the horse and the prognosis has been considered as poor. However, there are only few studies confirming this. The purpose of this study is to increase the knowledge about the prognosis for septic tenosynovitis in the digital sheath. The literature indicates that half or a bit more than half of the treated horses will return to previous use. The recommended treatment is debridement of the wound, lavage and sometimes application of drains and broadspectrum antibiotics. The prognosis is considered as worse when the infection is established.

The high incidence of cranial cruciate ligament injury in dogs results in both suffering and significant costs due to treatment and care of affected dogs. Today there are several different technics for surgical treatment in dogs with ruptured cranial cruciate ligament. At University Animal Hospital (UDS), SLU, in Uppsala two fundamentally different methods; TPLO (Tibial Plateau Leveling Osteotomy) and external fixation with suture material are practiced. The aim of this study was to estimate if the different surgery technics result in any difference regarding the function of the dog in a long term perspective. Since motion and function are very affected by arthritis, was the purpose also to determine if there are any differences in developing arthritis between dogs surgical treated with external fixation respectively with TPLO. Development of arthritis is common after surgery or traumatic injuries in a joint, such as cruciate ligament rupture. Unfortunately was the number of dogs in the study to small to achieve two comparable groups.

Syftet med studien var att undersöka hur sköterskor som arbetar på en operationsavdelning där WHO´s Surgical Safety Checklist används, upplever kommunikation, samarbete och patientsäkerhet.Kort metodbeskrivning: Kvantitativ metod. Design: Deskriptiv, retrospektiv, icke-experimentell tvärsnittsstudie. Datainsamlingen genomfördes på en operationsavdelning som använt WHO´s Surgical Safety Checklist drygt ett år. Deltagarna fick anonymt besvara ett frågeformulär med strukturerade frågor, en översatt version av the Safety Attitudes Questionnaire (SAQ) anpassad till operationspersonal (OR). I studien undersöktes 3 av frågeformulärets 6 teman: säkerhetskultur, samarbetsklimat och stressidentifiering.

Over the next few years, major investments in healthcare buildings is to be performed. Most surgical theaters are in need of technological upgrades as the technology is outdated. In most cases not only a refurbishment is performed but also an expansion. The basis for expansion, is due to a large increased number of patients, but also to the complexity of the refitment. Partly it's because evacuations are difficult to implement and the disturbance that occurs in conjunction with the refitment.Löwenströmska hospital undergoing a technical upgrad.

After the orange revolution in Ukraine, hope was given to achieve fullydemocracy in the whole society. However, this has not been the outcome; theUkrainian public administration still has problems to deliver what the societydemands. By answering the question: ?Which problems have the publicadministration to become democratic and how can we explain them??, we analyzethe failures within the public administration to accomplish democratic procedures.The empirical material in this thesis is mainly obtained from interviews andresearch during a field study in Ukraine. The problems for the civil servants inUkraine to act as guardians of the society are strongly connected to an inadequateprofessional knowledge.

Cochlear implant has become a common treatment for people with severe hearing loss. As the field of cochlear implants is developing rapidly a larger group of patients will be implanted. Therefore, it can be of interest to identify which complications are most frequently occurring. Objective: The aim of this study is to identify and present the most common complications in cochlear implant treatment and to identify surgical issues that have to be addressed during implantation. Method: A review of retrospective case studies regarding complications has been made.