Background: Urinary tract infections caused by indwelling urinary catheters causes unneccesay suffering among those it affects. These infections are also financially straining on the health care services. It is therefore of importance to gain knowledge about which evidence based preventive interventions that have the possibility to reduce the risk for bacteriuria and urinary tract infections among patients with indwelling urinary catheters. Aim: This study aimed to compile available knowledge concerning i) if silver alloy catheters does reduce bacteriuria in this patient group, ii) if aseptic catheterization does reduce bacteriuria in this patientgroup, iii) which routines for changing the urinary drainage bag reduces the risk of bacteriuria, iv) which routine genital hygenic care reduces the risk of bacteriuria? Method: Litterature was searched for in the data bases Cinahl, Medline and The Cochrane Library using the data bases? thesaurius combined with OR/AND.

Väntetiden för patienter som ådragit sig höftfraktur till operation är ofta lång och kan uppgå till över ett dygn. I första delen av vårdkedjan är det ambulanssjuksköterskan som möter patienter som ådragit sig höftfraktur och omhändertagandet där smärtbehandling ingår genomförs med stöd av upprättade vårdriktlinjer. Ambulanssjuksköterskan har ett ansvar enligt svensk lag att den prehospitala akutsjukvården som genomförs ska vara evidensbaserad.Syftet med denna studie var att undersöka specialistutbildade ambulanssjuksköterskors uppfattningar om möjligheten att bedriva evidensbaserad vård vid prehospital smärtbehandling av patienter med höftfraktur. Detta är en kvalitativ studie med beskrivande design.Resultatet visade att den specialistutbildade ambulanssjuksköterskan uppfattade generellt att vårdriktlinjerna var tydliga och lätta att förhålla sig till. De uppfattade att smärtbehandling var väl fungerande och evidensbaserad.

This study analyzes the court of appeals work on judging immediate care (6 § LVU) by the child´s best from 10 court cases. This study has been reviewing 10 court cases and reviewing the court of appeals applicable laws in their decisions on interlocutory order within LVU. The material than have been analyzed consists of immediate care of children, and the concept of the best interests derived from the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child.The legal sanctions includes when a state signs a convention, which Sweden has. This means that Sweden is at their disposal to offer all children within its territorial limits, up to 18 years may take part of the rights set down in the Convention of the Rights of the Child. This means that all decisions relating to the individual child, should always be taken with respect to the best interest of the child, when a child for varoius reasons end up in a lawsiut.The concept of the best interest of the child are vague and abstract because it is not clearly defined.

Adjustment to acquired hearing loss can be understood as a process of learning and change where the point of departure is the subjective apppraisal of a person?s hearing loss in a social and cultural context. The aim of the study was to describe women?s thoughts, emotions and actions prior to audiological rehabilitation, since these are considered important for the ongoing process of adjustment and for the planning of rehabilitation. A phenomenographical approach was used in order to describe the variation in the women?s attitudes before attending rehabilitation.

Ett av målen med Mobil Intensivvårdsgrupp (MIG) på Karolinska Universitetssjukhuset i Solna är att erbjuda intensivvårdskunnande och expertis för att höja kunskapsnivån på respektive vårdavdelning. Syftet med denna undersökning var att utvärdera om sjuksköterskorna på vårdavdelningarna upplevde att MIG fungerade som ett tillfälle till bedsideundervisning. En strukturerad intervju genomfördes med ett eget utformat frågeformulär, 47 sjuksköterskor deltog i undersökningen. Det framkom i resultatet att MIG förmedlade kunskap till vårdavdelningarna. Resultatet visade även att sjuksköterskor som arbetat i mindre än fem år upplevde att MIG var ett tillfälle till bedsideundervisning, i högre utsträckning än sjuksköterskor som arbetat i fem år eller mer.

Our main aim with this study is to shed a light over the social workers opinions about what they believe will be the consequences of introducing Housing First in the city of Stockholm. We wanted to examine the social workers perceptions about how Housing First could change their client?s autonomy and justice. Therefor we accomplished five qualitative interviews with social workers. We analyzed our empirical material with the theoretical terms; justice, autonomy and intern role-conflict.

Collaboration is a form of organization on the rise in Sweden. For health care, it is ofinterest to collaborate with industry to ensure that needs for specialist education andtraining are met and that products developed meet the relevant requirements.Conversely, industry actors have an interest to have a close collaboration with healthcare in order to gain insight into customer needs, provide information about theirproducts and to test products in development.The starting point of this study is an agreement and regulatory framework for formsof collaboration between public health care in Sweden in general and thepharmaceutical industry, the medical device industry and the laboratory technologyindustry. The research questions concerns how this agreement has evolved and theprocess surrounding its emergence may contribute to knowledge about collaborationas a form of organization and the relationship to concepts such as legitimacy,corruption and institutional theory.By tracking the emergence of the current regulatory framework genealogicalthroughout history, the study uncovers how the agreements have played a role in andcontributed to the legitimization and institutionalization of collaboration practices andhow crises have changed the shape of the practices. A theoretical treatment ofrelevant concepts such as legitimacy, institutionalization of practices, corruption andstigmatization of organizations form the basis for an interpretation and analysis of theprocess.The conclusions of the examination of the historical process that led to the currentagreements contribute to empirical knowledge of how crises and stigma affect thelegitimacy of collaboration practices and how the repair of legitimacy can be donesuccessfully after a crisis. The treatment of the empirical material is also a historicalsource for the development of ethics agreements between public health care andpharmaceutical industry and the medical industry in Sweden..

Att framföra ett utryckningsfordon skiljer sig från att framföra en vanlig bil bland annat för de större friheter gällande trafikregler utryckningsförarna har. Dessa inkluderar både rätten att köra i högre hastigheter än annan trafik, men även möjligheten att kräva fri väg från andra trafikanter. Detta skapar en speciell interaktion mellan trafikanterna i trafiken där utryckningsfordonet kan ses som en lagligt olaglig agent. Avsaknaden på restriktioner gör dock körningen helt beroende på de enskilda utryckningsförarnas bedömning kring körbeteende. Trots det finns det inga nationella riktlinjer i Sverige fällande utbildning av utryckningsförare.Den här studien undersökte normer och värderingar kring trafiksäkerhet hos operativ personal inom en ambulansorganisation.

Folkhälsovetenskapligt program.

Bakgrund: Barn har rätt till stöd som möjliggör en god hälsa och sjuksköterskor inom barnhälsovården (BVC-sjuksköterskor) ska arbeta hälsofrämjande genom ett stödjande och vägledande arbetssätt. En tidig identifiering av viktproblem är väsentlig eftersom åtgärder bör implementeras under tidig barndom. För att minska utveckling av till exempel hjärt- och kärlsjukdomar samt diabetes är det viktigt att BVC-sjuksköterskor aktivt arbetar mot övervikt och fetma. Medvetandegörande om de faktorer som kan påverka BVC-sjuksköterskor i det hälsofrämjande arbetet är viktigt för att kunna utveckla och förbättra arbetet. Syftet var att belysa vilka faktorer som kan påverka BVC-sjuksköterskans hälsofrämjande arbete mot övervikt och fetma.

Kungsgärdets sjukhus got its name the fouth of january 1965 and is still in use today. In 1981 the hospital and became merged into Uppsala Västra sjukvårdsdistrikt and stopped being a independet fonds.Predecessor to Kungsgärdets sjukhus was Centralepidemisjukhuset, more specific its Longterm care after the Infektionskliniken had moved to Akademiska sjukhuset the first of september 1965. In the Kungsgärdets sjukhus material of archive several diffrent fonds are included: Tunåsens sjukhus, Wattholma sjukhem, Östra paviljongen and Landstingets verkstäder. Geriatriska klinik is also included in Kungsgärdets sjukhus, however it is not a fonds but a ward. However all this makes it very difficult to establish the provenance of Kungsgärdets sjukhus, because it is impossible to know how all these fonds and its material of archive affects Kungsgärdets sjukhus as a fonds specially since the other fonds have not been organized and catalogued, and There for it is difficult to know were the provenance and the truth of Kungsgärdets sjukhus is.Kungsgärdets sjukhus arrived at Landstingsarkivet in Uppsala län together with several other fonds at different times.

BackgroundType 1 diabetes is a chronically disease that often occurs in early life. In every year around 77.000 children in the world is estimated with type 1 diabetes. When a child gets a chronically disease it affects the whole family, specially the parents who will be the child's caregiver.AimThe aim of this study was to describe parents experiences of living with a child with type 1 diabetes.MethodA literature review was carried trough based on 10 qualitative scientific articles. The articles were analyzed and two main themes and seven subthemes emerged.ResultsAll parents experienced that they needed some kind of support particularly early in their illness. They felt it was a big responsibility to take care of their child with diabetes and parents often felt anxiety and fear associated with the disease.

Homelessness has always been and will always be a problem in every society. How should we organize the work and care for these people? There are three different types of welfare states, the liberal, the conservative and the social democratic. In the liberal welfare state the market is the supplier of the public good. In the conservative state the family and church and in the social democratic the state is the supplier of the public welfare.The Swedish welfare state has been the archetype of social democratic welfare with de principal of ?Folkhemmet? in focus.

The aim of this study was to determine which type of fluid to use in trauma care to improve patient survival. The method used was a systematic review, where a total of 18 studies were reviewed and 13 included in the results. The inclusion criteria used in this study were Randomized controlled trial, or studies relevant for the purpose, written in English and published during the last ten years. The studies were identified in the PubMed data base. The results showed that in trauma with hypovolaemia, colloid infusion has a better effect than infusion of crystalloid fluid on blood pressure and colloid infusion reduced the body's cascade systems in a beneficial way. Colloid infusion administered to head injury patients lowered their intracranial pressure more than crystalloid infusion.

Pain and pain treatment constitute a huge part of the general nurses work. For that reason the nurse is required to have great knowledge about this area. The fact that our society is getting more multicultural increase the nurses demands even more, to understand and treat pain in patients of foreign cultural background. The aim of this literature review is to examine which culturally learned and trans-ferred valuations, norms and approaches that appear related to physical pain. The aim is also to examine the most appropriate ways for the nurse to show respect and to get more information about this cultural experience in the encounter with the patient.