Introduktion: Att ungdomar medvetet skadar sig själva är ett vanligt problem. Orsaken till detta beteende är lika varierande som motivet för varför man utför dessa handlingar. En del försöker få ut en inre smärta medan andra avser att ta sitt liv. Att hamna i ett självskadebeteende under ungdomsåren kan ge stora hälsoproblem i det vuxna livet och är också en riskfaktor för efterkommande självmordsförsök. Då detta problem är vanligast förekommande bland ungdomar är det också naturligt att skolan har ett viktigt uppdrag då det gäller det förebyggande arbetet mot självskadebeteende.Syfte: Finna stöd för skolsköterskans preventiva arbete då det gäller ungdomar med självskadebeteende.Metod: Systematisk litteraturstudie.

This master thesis is based on the sociocultural perspective. A qualitative research study was conducted to investigate children's attitudes towards reading, texts and libraries.The theoretical background is constituted by ideas from the new sociology of childhood, literacy-studies and reader-response theory.The study was conducted with 23 children, 13 girls and 10 boys, participating in focus groups.The results of the study reveal that children's literacy-activities in school are strongly influenced and limited by adults. Children's interest in pictures and non-fiction-reading do not correspond to the school institution that favors traditional media and fiction. The study also reveals a gender division between children's literacy-activities that tends to grow with age. All the children in the study regard libraries as book-houses and wished for libraries that combine activity and serenity.The thesis shows the importance of being aware of, and engage in, children's reading-interests and reading-practices if the reading stimulating activities in schools and libraries are to be successful.

Syftet med denna studie var att ta reda på hur pedagoger kan motverka traditionella könsmönster i leken inom förskolans verksamhet. För att fördjupa syftet ytterligare valde jag följande frågeställningar; Vad finns det för definition på traditionella könsmönster, enligt pedagogerna? Vad och hur gör pedagogerna för att motverka traditionella könsmönster? Hur upplever pedagogerna att det fungerar med att motverka de traditionella könsmönstren? För att nå upp till mitt syfte genomförde jag kvalitativa intervjuer med fem verksamma pedagoger för att bland annat få deras syn på hur man kan motverka traditionella könsmönster i leken. Resultaten visade bland annat att det finns många sätt att arbeta med att motverka traditionella könsmönster och att pedagogers förhållningssätt spelar stor roll in på barngruppen. Jag fick även fram att det också handlar om att tillföra och inte ta ifrån barnen leksaker. Pojkar och flickor ska få ha samma möjlighet att leka med alla leksaker.

Syftet med den här studien var att undersöka vilka uppfattningar ett antal pedagoger har kring mobbning mellan flickor i förskolan. Med uppfattningar menar vi om pedagogerna i förskolan anser att det försiggår mobbning mellan flickor och om de har några erfarenheter kring ämnet. De data som vi använt oss av har varit tidigare forskning inom detta område. För att inhämta vår information har vi utfört intervjuer med sex pedagoger på två olika förskolor i Norrland.Informationen från våra intervjuer har sedan behandlats och analyserats. Resultatet av intervjuerna påvisade att de flesta pedagoger direkt eller indirekt medger att mobbning mellan flickor kan vara svårare att upptäcka än mellan pojkar, detta menar de beror på att flickors mobbning är mer subtil.

Objective: The aim of this study was to compare equations used to calculate BMR to values of BMR obtained from measurements in order to determine the most suitable equation to be used on children and adolescents with CF.Design: The participants where children and adolescents with CF. Data was collected from the division of Clinical Nutrition at Uppsala Akademiska Sjukhus. Age, weight, height, BMI, BMR, FFM and FM was recorded from 27 measurements. BMR from the participants collected from the indirect respiratory calorimetry was compared to the results obtained from five equations used to obtain a calculated value of BMR.Results: Tverskayas equation was best correlated with the measured BMR for the whole group. The equation underestimated BMR for the participants with a measured BMR over 1400 kcal/24h and overestimated BMR for participants with a measured BMR under 1400 kcal/24h.

The purpose of this examination was to make a qualitative study focusing on children's influence from a gender perspective. The study is based on interviews. We wanted to investigate teachers' perception of children's influence in the preschool.Earlier research on children´s influence and gender has also helped us in the conclusion of this examination.The survey consists of ten interviews with teachers of varied work experience in the preschool. We also chose to interview teachers in other positions, since this is often the case in preschools today. From the result we can see that there are different levels of skill and awareness regarding the topic of children's influence from a gender perspective.

Introduction: During the last decades, the development of the communication society has contributed to new patterns of communications among people, but also increased the use of computers and mobile devices. It has become more common to communicate through social medias, which has led to the new phenomena cyberbullying. At the same time, studies have shown an increase in mental health problems among adolescents during the last 25 years. Aim: The aim of this literature review was to investigate and map the characteristics of cyberbullying and its relationship to mental health among adolescents. The aim was also to investigate adolescents own actions to stop cyberbullying.

Det blir allt vanligare idag att de stora modehusen skapar barnkollektioner. Internationellt sätt har nästan varje stor designer redan gett sig in på barnklädesmarknaden. Jag valde dock att inte fokusera på den internationella marknaden utan undersöka hur den såg ut i Sverige med svenska modeföretag som hade olika positioner. Jag plockade ut ett antal märken som skiljde sig markant i målgrupp. Företagen jag har valt att ha med till studien är Acne, KappAhl och Polarn O.

In this study I examine the representation of masculinity in the manga, Naruto. The manga is about the orphan Naruto, who, together with other children goes to a ninja school. Boys and girls study and practice together, at first sight seemingly without emphasized gender differences. As the story continues, the gender differences are, however, quite obvious and to the boys advantage.I find the difference between Naruto and other popular culture ususally presented to pre-bubertal and teenage boys to be considerable. Whereas the domination of women and the message that you can get as far as you wish, are common in American and west produced popular culture as well as in Naruto, the difference lies in how the success is achieved. The men in Naruto reach their goals by allowing their feelings to be seen and expressed.

AbstractThe aim of the study was to examine how a school team works with formative assessment in compulsory school for pupils with intellectual disabilities. The study had a particular focus on formative assessment in relation to pupils with moderate and severe intellectual disabilities. Since there is a lack of research within the field of formative assessment and pupils with moderate and severe disabilities this study may contribute to new knowledge in this field. A sociocultural perspective has been used as a theoretical framework. A central concept in the sociocultural perspective is that people develop knowledge in interaction with other people and that communication and language is important.  The methodical framework was inspired by an ethnographic approach and the empirical material was concocted by participatory observations and by interviews.

The aim of this masters thesis is to investigate how childrens librarians deal with gender issues in their work when acquiring and mediating books to children, and how reviews in Bibliotekstjänsts Sambindning can be of help in this aspect. The thesis focuses on children between 6 and 12 years of age and their reading of fiction. Four interviews with childrens librarians and an examination of reviews in Sambindningen have been carried out. The reviews were examined both by finding out with what frequency gender issues are dealt with and by studying 20 childrens books from a gender perspective, comparing my judgement with the one they got in the reviews. The examination of Sambindningen showed that the reviews therein only sporadically bring up gender issues.

Människans hälsa påverkas av individuella livsstilsfaktorer men även av samhälleliga, socioekonomiska och kulturella faktorer. Det är föräldrarna som har det yttersta ansvaret för sina barns utveckling och uppväxtvillkor. Syftet med arbetet var att undersöka förekomsten av föräldrastöd hos svenska femtonåringar, utifrån ungdomarnas rapporterade omfattning av verbal kommunikation, samt att undersöka ungdomarnas upplevda hälsa och hur upplevt föräldrastöd relaterar till deras hälsa. Data från Statens folkhälsoinstituts kvantitativa undersökning Skolbarns hälsovanor användes för att ge ett stort material att analysera och kunna generalisera vårt resultat. Analysen gjordes på enkätdata från 3438 slumpmässigt valda 15-åringar.

This paper explores the interaction of children with language impairment (LI). The present essay is a conversation analytic study of child-child and child-therapist dyads. The aim was to explore in what ways children with LI reach common understanding. Another purpose was to investigate if there are differences in interaction between dyads with children with LI and dyads with children with LI and speech language therapist. Seven children, three girls and four boys, with LI participated in the study.

Research has shown positive correlations between global self-esteem and physical activity, as well as between global self-esteem and school performance. However, research is ambiguous and other variables have shown importance for global self-esteem. This study aims to investigate the correlations between global self-esteem and physical activities, school performance and social participations within high-school students in the northern part of Sweden. The study also investigates gender differences regarding correlations between the variables. The study was conducted using a questionnaire that included Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale and self-rated physical activity, social participation and grades in Swedish, English and mathematics.

The purpose is to improve IKEA´s understanding of how their target group of 12 to 18 years old boys and girls thinks when they visit the showrooms in the department stores. What make them enter the showrooms? Is it the colours, the furniture or the whole concept? How are they inspired to furnish their own room? Do they get ideas from the showrooms or are they looking for a specific furniture? These types of questions have increased young people´s interest for design and decoration over the last decade. It transpires with help from an article written by Vittorio Girotto and Michel Gonzalez how children are influenced in an early age by their own temperament and their natural surroundings. Children reasons and acts according to what they believe adults would have done in a similar situation.The methods that have been used during this project are interviews, surveys, observations, hypothetical persona, persona and ABL (IKEA´s own method).