Mötet med närstående till patienter som avlidit är ett stressfyllt möte, både för närstående och sjuksköterskan. Tidigare forskning visade att närstående önskade få tydlig information och söker trygghet hos varandra. Närstående upplevde sjuksköterskan som en stor källa för trygghet och stöd i sorgprocessen. Den professionalitet och säkerhet hon förmedlar var av stor vikt för närståendes upplevelse av hela vårdtiden. Syftet med studien var att beskriva erfarna intensivvårdssjuksköterskors reflektioner från möten med närstående till patienter som avlidit.

AbstractAt the UN Conference on Environment and Development in 1992 the nations stated that traditional environmental policies were not sufficient to handle the multidimensional challenges posed by sustainable development. Governments needed to broaden their political decision making procedures in order to coordinate and integrate environmental, social and economic policies. Therefore a new tool was introduced in Agenda 21, National Strategies for Sustainable Development (NSDS). The aim of an NSDS would be to bring together actors from all parts of society to jointly reach a consensus on how to work towards the vision of a sustainable society. An NSDS would be seen as a strategic tool to help focus national policies for SD.

I denna uppsats så tar vi upp frågan om individuell lönesättning för domare. Detta blev nyligen implementerat för Sveriges domare på initiativ av Domstolsverket. Frågan blev en konflikt då domarna ansåg att det var ett hot mot deras självständighet i den dömande verksamheten då individuell lönesättning skulle kunna vara ett verktyg för styrning. Vi har intervjuat domare och Domstolsverket och vi har gjort en argumentationsanalys av det som skrivits om frågan och jämfört parternas argumentation. Vi har även belyst frågan genom att använda Lennart Lundquists teori om demokratins väktare samt ett ramverk utvecklat av Björn Johnson om policyöversättning.

Regimen i Iran är i denna stund utsatt för stor press från USA och EU3 som vill få regimen att avbryta dess kärnteknikprogram. USA hävdar tillsammans med de europeiska stormakterna att det iranska kärnteknikprogrammet inte har fredliga syften, istället menar de att det används som kamouflage för att utveckla kärnvapen. Iran menar att påståendena är osanna och att landet är i behov av kärnenergi i takt med att deras befolkning snabbt expanderar. Syftet med vår uppsats är att bringa klarhet kring problematiken. Därför fokuserar vi på att undersöka Irans motiv för respektive emot ett anskaffande av kärnvapen.

This paper has its aim to investigate in which way the theory about the dynamic of the triadic nexus, presented by Brubaker, needs to be revised. In the first place this theory is presented and after then applied on the triad formed by: the Hungarian national minority in Transylvania, Romania and Hungary. Through the empirical evidences, that are presented here by following up the political relations and its dynamics over time between the three fields, is shown that the theory is usable for the case in question. Further as we approach the more actual development of the political life in the triad appears a need to deal with one more field which would be for example the NATO or/and EU.This means that Brubakers theory has to be revised so it would take in account a forth field and that of an international organization/institution. The arguments for this needed change is put forth through empirical evidences on the political relations that the two states has with NATO or/and EU and the huge influence these have on the states..

År 1980 startade Iran-Irak kriget som pågick i åtta år. Kriget utspelade sig mellan två starka makter i Mellanöstern. Jag har undersökt varför kriget kunde pågå så länge och koncentrerat mig på medlingens roll i att avsluta en konflikt.Under arbetet har jag diskuterat tre anledningar till varför medlingsförsöken i Iran-Irak kriget misslyckades. FN:s svaga handlingar, de konservativa mullornas utnyttjande av kriget och slutligen supermakternas ingripande i kriget är de orsaker jag funnit som svar. För att analysera konflikten och komma fram till mitt resultat har jag använt mig av teorier om medling.Resultatet i arbetet kan användas för att ge en inblick och förklaring till dagsläget i Iran och Irak och Mellanöstern i stort.

The purposes of this thesis is study the European Court of Justice from a non legal perspective and investigate the courts possibility to advance its own preferred goals rather that of the member states in cases of non-compliance. Drawing on general principal-agent theory I construct a model from which I derive certain hypothesis mainly about under what circumstances we should expect the Court to be more sensitive to member states preferences and under what circumstances we should expect the Court to be less sensitive. These hypotheses are then tested empirically against all cases of non-compliance initiated by the European Commission against member states between 1953-2000. The results from the study are rather positive. The most important result is that when the threat of sanctions against the Court increases so does the Courts sensitiveness to member states preferences and when it decreases so does the Courts sensitiveness..

This is a Master´s Thesis based on my own idea instead of that of a company. It is a survey that focuses on finding out more about which part of the development process that is blocking the establishment of electronic scorecards on the golf market. Why has it not been introduced on the market in a larger scale yet, considering the technology we possess today? This question is investigated through interviews with the Swedish Golf association, and three companies that have chosen different paths to implement an electronic scorecard. The interviews focuses on finding out what developers and the association believe to be the main problem, before taking the next step in releasing electronic scorecards on a larger scale.

A water treatment unit consisting of two aeration basins, two settling tanks, a residence basinand a horizontal subsurface flow wetland were used to treat wastewater from an eggprocessing factory in Brazil. The aim of this paper was to determine the efficiency of thesystem in reducing nitrogen, phosphorus, BOD5 and TSS (among other parameters) andgetting a further understanding on different kinds of constructed treatment wetlands as well astheir nitrogen and phosphorus removal processes. The wastewater from the factory consistedof process water from manufacturing and water used for cleaning, no stormwater or sewagewater entered the system. Tests were taken three times a month from October 2013 ?til April2014.

Radio frequency identification (RFID) is a versatile wireless technology usedworldwide. The fields of applications are many and its popularity constantlygrows due to smaller in size, better and less expensive components. RFID isused to identify, track or share information about an object using radio waves.This master thesis describes the process of designing and implementing ahandheld UHF RFID reader. The goal was to, based on a UHF RFID-chipdesign a fully functional, small in size and power efficient device. Amicrocontroller provides the user interface and is also used to control theRFID-chip and a Bluetooth device.

The Swedish public inquiries and most of the political science advocate reforms in the spirit of participatory democracy to strengthen the democracy. Although it is striking how limited and narrow the scientific documentation is in analysing the effects of participatory democratic reforms. Still, many of the local governments in Sweden are reshaping their organisations according to the participatory democracy model. Is it a trend and a symbolic action or a veritable action of good-will of the politicians?The paper argues that the idea of participatory democracy has become popular and widely spread.

This essay captures the process toward a democratic transition in South Africa and tempts on analyzing the efforts made by civil society before the negotiation with the government in the beginning of the 90´s. The method used is a case study.By applying the theory of Elisabeth Jean Wood about the importance of continued mobilization, I try to answer the question: to what extend did civil society influence the democratization process. The focus of the study lies on the years of intensified popular mobilization, from the start of the 80´s until the beginning of the 90´s.The results following this study shows that COSATU, Congress of South African Trade Unions) and ANC(African National Congress) played both a crucial role for the democratization process in South Africa. UDF, however played a role in the process, but not in the same significant way that COSATU and ANC..

The tablet is a new IT-tool which have started to get introduced into school, but research is still missing and especially in the pre-school environment. The purpose with this study is to investigate teachers uptake, how they use the tablet in everyday pedagogy work as well as the organizational conditions that that facilitate and hinders. Through my observations and interviews in a Swedish K-5 school I have found that the teachers find tablets more appealing to use in comparison to computers. These findings are partly supported by Davis et al.?s (1989) TAM-theory who considers there to be three types of aspects that affect the way individuals adapt to technology.

I denna uppsats undersöker vi huruvida en av de mest lästa tidningarna i Sverige, Metro, påverkas av sitt avtal med SL och hur det tar sig uttryck i tidningens innehåll. Att dagspress påverkas av andrahandsaktörer är ett stort demokratiskt problem, eftersom media har en central roll för agendasättningen i samhället. Denna roll blir allt större när Sverige strävar efter att öka de deltagar- och samtalsdemokratiska inslagen i samhället.Empirin består av Metro och DN:s rapportering kring SL i mikrofilmsformat under tre perioder. Genom kvalitativ textanalys söker vi skillnader hur SL framställs i respektive tidning.Vi anser att det finns element som tyder på viss påverkan på Metros framställning av SL. Man finner bland annat positiva vinklingar av SL:s roll i olika processer..

The aim of the study was to examine how social workers investigate and assess addiction cases whether gender matters or not. The following questions were asked in the study; ? Does the gender of the client influence whether a case is opened after the first meeting at the Addiction Unit? ? Do social workers consider there is a difference in handling an addiction treatment investigation when the client is a man or a woman? ? Do divergences exist in the assessment and the final decision process when the case concerns a man or a woman? The study is based on the qualitative method. The material is gathered from semi-structured interviews with social workers. Their job tasks include assessment and evaluation of addiction cases.