Forestry is an important industry in Sweden, with clear-cut as the most commonly used method for harvesting. Here the long-term impact of clear-cut on lake water quality (dissolved organic carbon (DOC), nitrogen, phosphorus and pH) has been investigated, based on 23 lakes sampled during autumn. Data for additional 15 lakes sampled for the Swedish monitoring program were also used. Lakes were classified as 5, 25, 40 and 60 year based on data of the forest age in the catchment, gathered from the Swedish national forest inventory. Clear-cut lakes were classified as 5 years (>20% of the catchment clear-cut during the last 10 years).

We have the tradition in Sweden to build villas and houses with a wooden framework. It has become natural for us because we have so much forest in our country. Building with wood has advantages, it is easy to process, but also disadvantages, as it is sensitive to moisture.Finland has long made use of the thermal blocks to build villas. It is a type of bricks that are a bit like a sandwich element, with a core of EPS and concrete on both sides of the core material. The concrete is hollow, so that after the walls has been bricked up you pour concrete into the hollow bricks.The issue of this report is to find out if concrete can be an alternative to wood as framework material in villas.

The company Microshop is interested in implementing new features in their product-website, and would like to examine the possibility and usefulness of introducing such functionality. When designing interaction for commercial websites, it is important to make the menus easy to use, and refrain from using deep hierarchies in order to avoid causing unnecessary burden for the users. There is an interest among users for adaptive functionality, but this requires great amounts of trust in the website from the user. Something which can be created by refraining from using implicit information, and provide detailed explanations throughout the website. A usability test was conducted in order to complement the data gathered from the theoretical study, the interviews and the expert evaluations.

This report describes the construction of a climate-cabinet for testing of HV-cards (High Voltage) produced at VG Scienta. The main part of the report describes all the different components of the cabinet. The most important parts are a PID regulator from Eurotherm model 2408, a solid state contactor (SSC), a thermocouple, a finned resistor from DBK and different fans. The report even includes the connection between components by cable wiring, isolation, grounding, fuses and shaping of metal goods.As the cabinet also communicates with a computer, the report includes the solution of the data communication using the software iTools from Eurotherm. The communication part includes information about a converter that converts EIA422 to USB.The cabinet was produced at a company, called VG Scienta, in Uppsala during the spring 2010.

In this essay, a search strategy for citation index is studied. The strategy, which is essentially a citation cycle, starts with documents retrieved by a subject search, wherefrom new documents are identified following the network of citations backwards and forwards in time. Based on the theory of polyrepresentation, the strategy exploits overlaps between cognitively different interpretations of the same documents in order to automatically select references seed documents used as a starting point for the forward chaining. The purpose of the investigation is to evaluate the retrieval effectiveness of the search strategy and to find out whether the strategy can be used to expand a subject search with the help of the network of references in order to retrieve new relevant documents. Two questions are formulated: 1a.

This study was conducted in the "Kåtaberget" forest reserve in Västerbotten in the summer of 1999. In the summer of 1995, a prescribed burning was performed in the reserve. In some places where coarse dry woody debris (logs and stumps) was present, the fire consumed the wood, as well as parts of the humus layer, creating deep-burned patches. The low intensity ground fire also created dead woody debris by burning off living trees with open fire scars, as well as standing dead trees. In this study, the post-fire tree seedling establishment was examined, with special attention given to the former presence of woody debris. The study also includes a survey of the areal extent of deep-burned patches, as well as an examination of tree seedling establishment in these patches, compared to other burnt ground.

Detta arbete grundar sig på en befintlig ritning projekterad av Arkinova Arkitekter och uppfyller normal tillgänglighetsnivå. Ritningen består av ett lägenhetsplan med fem lägenheter vilka har en boarea mellan 36-64 m2. I detta arbete omprojekterades dessa lägenheter till höjd tillgänglighetsnivå enligt SS med avsikt att förbättra tillgängligheten för funktionshindrade grupper. Omprojekteringen utfördes med hjälp av BIM-programmet Revit Architecture 2013 med utgångspunkt från standarderna,           SS 91 42 21:2006 samt SS 91 42 22:2006, vilka utgör underlag för projektering av bostäder.       Syftet med denna studie var att utreda de merkostnader som är förknippade med en tillgänglighetsökning, dessa merkostnader beräknades i kalkylprogrammet BidCon.Resultatet visade att för att uppfylla SS rekommendationer kring ökad tillgänglighet, var en ökning av bruttoarean med 84 m2 i den ursprungliga ritningen oundviklig. Detta innebar en total ökning av bruttoarean med 25 %, vilket resulterade i merkostnader som uppgick till  126 014 SEK för lägenhetsplanet i höjd nivå.

In the beginning of 2002 a new kind of debate started inside the Swedish trade unions that also were published in the newspapers. The debate was about if the Swedish trade unionshould organize the undocumented workforce or not. In this thesis I will deal with this issue and also investigate what kind of solutions the trade unions in Sweden use on this newphenomenon, a phenomenon that recently have become a social and political problem during the last years. This is a new subject within political science and there is limited research made before. Because of that, this thesis will be empirical, inductive and exploring by its nature.

Issuing convertible bonds for financing purposes has never become widespread practice amongst Swedish companies, in spite of the instrument being common in international markets. Economic theory based on efficient markets suggests that companies should gain no financial benefits from using convertibles and the Swedish situation could be interpreted as in line with this reasoning. However, there are Swedish companies that have chosen to issue convertibles and the Swedish market therefore seems both supportive and contradictory to the existence of benefits of convertible bond financing. Little research concerning the Swedish market has been conducted and the purpose of this explorative thesis is thus to enhance the understanding of the Swedish market for convertibles. This is achieved by conducting in-depth interviews with six listed Swedish companies that have recently issued convertible bonds.

In Sweden, a big part of the energy use is used in the housing sector. Political goals and targets are set up which the housing sector needs to work towards. Apartment buildings are a major part of the housing sector in Sweden and therefore reduction of energy use in these kinds of buildings are key to lower the energy use in Sweden. But there are not only political incentives to reduce the energy use. Some energy?saving measures are directly profitable and should thus be performed.

 This bachelor?s thesis purpose is to examine how library staff experiences the meeting with non-Swedish speaking users of public libraries, and how they solve different situations. Today there is not much research on this subject but we find these questions important to study because we think it is good to be aware of the situations that can arise and discuss how to solve any problems. To have a basis for this qualitative study we conducted group interviews with library staff, where they are asked about their experiences with non-Swedish speaking users. In the analysis the results of the interviews are compared to previous research and related to communication theory, which is the theoretical framework for this study.

The purpose of the study is to investigate and elucidate how low-cost airlines can influence and develop tourism in a region. In order to bring about the purpose the author used two research questions. Have low-cost airlines contributed to regional development? How many additional visitors have low-cost airlines contributed to Stockholm? In order to answer these questions a survey was carried out at Arlanda airport and statistics were collected. The results of the study show that there has been a regional development.

The aim of the study was to examine collaboration and professional perspectives on the best interest of the child in regards to working with unaccompanied asylum seeking children. Firstly, our result show that counselling is available for the unaccompanied children from case workers, staff, school counsellors and emergency psychiatric care. All of the participants in this study describe the need for long-term counselling for unaccompanied children, however, providing the long-term counselling is not the primary purpose of the organisations in question. Therefore an additional service-provider working with counselling is a necessity. Secondly, the study explores the participants? professional perspectives on the best interest of the child.

Underdrainage is a costly investment but often a necessity to maintain rationalized plant cultivation, one can also see underdrainage as insurance to successful plant cultivation. Late ripening crops, low yield and difficult tillage cultivation are examples on an insufficient drainage. (Kvarnemo 1983) A drained field rise in land price and the scheme of the tiled drains is seen as a value item. The interest for underdrainage among the farmers follows with shifting economic situations within agriculture and has for long time been low. A big part of the Swedish tiled drainage systems is since 1930 and ahead. Many of these tiled drainage systems need to be replaced or complemented. The life length of one tiled drainage system varies with maintenance but can still remain in good function after 75 years with correct management.

Diversity of ground beetles (Col: Carabidae) in managed riparian grasslands. The carabid community in moist seminatural grasslands was studied at three different sites in mid-Sweden. Pitfall trapping was carried out during six weeks in spring and early summer 2003. Eight transects, each containing seven pitfall traps, were placed in three different management regimes, either late or continous grazing, or meadow. The species composition was analysed by ordination analyses, i.e. DCA and CCA.