Today the individual ventilated cage system (IVC-system) is the most commonly used system when housing rodents. IVC systems are designed to control both supply and exhausted air at cage level, as well as temperature and relative humidity in the cages. This creates an optimal environment for the mouse and at the same time a protection against the risk of cross-infection between cages and the outside environment. The aim of this study was to evaluate the health and welfare for two different strains of laboratory mice (NMRI nude mice and C57BL/6NCrl mice) in three different kinds of IVC-systems; Arrowmight, Allentown and Tecniplast. 108 mouse pups from each strain (in total 216 mice) were selected after weaning at an age of three weeks and tested during 5 weeks.

Steel is an excellent material to build with, but consideration must be given to the fact that unprotected steel corrodes, rusts, therefore, as a rule, the steel must be protected in some way. This can be done by reducing the tendency of the steel to corrode by using stainless steel or by treating the steel with a protection method. The two most common methods of protection are corrosion protection paint and zinc coating. To determine the method, the corrosive category must first be evaluated and this is done in accordance to EN ISO 12944-2:1998.Stainless steel is available in many varieties but only some of them have properties that make them suitable for use as construction steels. There are many factors to be considered in the design of stainless steel to prevent corrosion from occurring.

The purpose of this essay is to outline the aspects of the rule of law that can be applied to credibility assessment in the asylum procedure, and more specifically what factors influence the assessment of credibility in practice. To evaluate this procedure, a multidisciplinary method has been used. Secondary data has been collected from previous academic research and from legal documents such as the Swedish Aliens Act. Since the area of study lacks a reflection on how credibility issues are dealt with in practice, primary research in the form of qualitative interviews has been conducted.Key findings suggest that the Swedish asylum system does offer a fairly inclusive refugee law and rights protection relating to the rule of law. However, the study also suggests that the decision maker's own subjectivity, lack of training relating to trauma and torture victims as well as a rigid system of regulations contribute to credibility assessments being arbitrary and discretionary, in violation of the rule of law..

Projektet behandlar utvecklingen av ett handledsskydd anpassat för snowboardåkare. Den primära målsättningen är att med hjälp av optimerad design för komfort och användarvänlighet kunna erbjuda ett högkvalitativt och funktionellt skydd. Det senare uppnås med hjälp av material som med hänsyn till skadebilden hos utövarna här anses vara den bästa lösningen. Val av material gjordes efter en ingående litteraturstudie över handledsskyddets funktion och mekanismerna bakom handledsskador. Studien, i kombination med en rad andra metoder för informationsinhämtning, låg även till grund för designprocessen och den slutgiltiga produkten. Lösningar på befintliga problem hos existerande handledsskydd har applicerats på slutprodukten. Användarvänlighet och passform har tillgodosetts genom att frångå det traditionella systemet med kardborrelås, till produktanpassning av ett etablerat snörsystem.

The Bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV) causes bronchiolitis and interstitial pneumonia, predominantly in calves, and is a major cause of bovine respiratory disease worldwide. In humans, BRSV is paralleled by the closely related Human respiratory syncytial virus (HRSV), an important cause of respiratory disease, most severe in infants.The clinical signs and pathology during RSV infection is caused, not only by the direct effects of viral replication, but also by the response of the host immune system. The immunopathology of RSV has long obfuscated our understanding of the disease, and development of effective treatment and vaccines will be very difficult until greater knowledge is gained.One of the components of the immune system that has come into focus in RSV research the last few years, is the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4). The TLR4 receptor is well known as the receptor that binds lipopolysaccaride (LPS), and initiates the host response to bacterial infection. Recently, it has been shown that the fusion protein of RSV also interacts with, and up-regulates the expression of, the TLR4 receptor.

Personuppgiftslagen (1998:204) är en lag som syftar till att skyddavåra personuppgifter. Huvudregeln i personuppgiftslagen är attsamtycke krävs från den som personuppgifterna tillhör för att de ska fåbehandlas. Till denna huvudregel finns det dock ett viktigt undantagsom stipulerar att om behandlingen är nödvändig får den utföras utansamtycke, om exempelvis ändamålet uppfyller ett berättigat intressehos den som ämnar behandla uppgiften som väger tyngre än denenskildas intresse av skydd för den personliga integriteten. När ettsådant berättigat intresse ställs mot den personliga integriteten blir enintresseavvägning nödvändig för att avgöra om behandlingen skallvara tillåten eller ej. Det berättigade intresset som upptar dennauppsats är det kommersiella intresset, som exempelvis omfattar ettföretags intresse av att behandla personuppgifter för att via direktmarknadsföring marknadsföra sina produkter.

This final thesis is carried out at BAE Systems Hägglunds in Örnsköldsvik. The mission was to construct and integrate a new semi-active damping unit in the terrain vehicle BvS10. Questions that came up during the process, among others, was how to mount the damping unit to the vehicle in a flexible way without exposing it to unnecessary wears.A generation of the concept is made in 3D using CATIA V5 of a possible solution to the problem. The idea is to weld the unit to the skid girder which is one of the main constructions of the track system. In this way the damping unit will come closer to the track system, which will partly protect it from impacts from below and minimize current problems with breaking forces in the torsion shafts.The complete construction was then analyzed, first by theoretical calculations and then with the FEM-tools in CATIA V5.

Right-wing populism has through the past decades flourished in several countries in Europe. Research has shown that right-wing populism is, with its political starting point in ?the people?, focusing on the majority and is sometimes excluding the minorities from the politics. Since human rights regulations are mainly a protection of minority rights, the aim is to examine if the politics of the Sweden Democrats, as a case of a growing right-wing populist party, is a threat to human rights and in that case, in what respects. The thesis is supposed to answer the question in what respects the politics of the Sweden Democrats contravene with the European Convention?s protection of minority rights.

When Vladimir Putin in the year 2000 came to power in Russia many believed that the Russian civil society were weak and had very little influence and with Putin people say that the situation have deteriorated. The purpose of this paper is to establish what kind of relationship exists between the Russian state and the civil society and to analyze this from a top-down perspective. We are looking at Russia during Putins first term in office from the year 2000 until 2004. In order to establish the relationship we have used John S. Dryzeks theory of inclusive and exclusive state and whether it?s active or passive in this process.

This paper considers the Swedish regulations of purchase taking the perspective of private persons as a starting point. The law of purchase from the year 1990 is applicable on a number of legal purchase situations where the contracting parties varies. Nevertheless, the law is mainly focused on the purchase between businessmen. This places private persons on level with businessmen, since they are given equal responsibility regarding legal knowledge and the drawing up of contracts. In order to get a deeper knowledge of the law of purchase and to reach an understanding of how it should be interpreted we have studied the government bill on the law, cases from the Supreme Court, doctine on the area and legal articles. The purpose with this paper is to examine whether the law of purchase from the year 1990 is too old to be applicable on private purchases today.

AbstractWorking as a lawyer demands not only legal skills, but also ethical ones due to the involvement with humans. The area of ethics is far from as regulated as the area of law is. The reasons for this are both historical ? as the area of ethics is, in comparison with the practice of law, a relatively new area, especially combined with the traditional work of lawyers ? and technical, since ethics is an area that seems difficult to regulate due to its adopting skills. Ethics looks different depending on which work area it addresses; who you ask; and in what situation it shall be enlightened.

ERP system is the information technology that has had the biggest impact in companies? development and way of working in today?s world. ERP system is divided in several applications with a modular software design that allow people in every department in a company to store and retrieve information accurately and in real-time. This master thesis investigates attitudes toward ERP systems among business organisations and ERP suppliers with the overall purpose of analysing to which extent a new ERP system will bring change in the business process. The purpose of this thesis is to make a survey of attitudes toward ERP systems among business organisations and ERP suppliers.

Starting point to this Paper is the idea and wish to adapt the society and its different activities to a recycle society. A building area in Göteborg is planned and investigated for such adaptation. In the district named Skogaberg, about 130 households totally are planned from what 20 are blocks of flats. The idea with this project is to constitute an alternative sewage system, a Blackwater system, were the fractions of most nutrients and least pollution are separated, taken care of and utilised. The aim is to get a market and use the nutrients of the organic waste from the household in agriculture use.

Social media has recently expanded dramatically, as more people are using different media such as blogs, Facebook and Twitter, to express their opinions. This increases the possibilities to spread information and an unclear legal regulation in this area can create adverse consequences. Freedom of expression is a constitutional right, which forms an important cornerstone of a democratic society. Public employees? freedom of communication means that they can submit information to the media, without fear of reprisals from the authorities.

AbstractDrinking water is an important resource on Earth both for humans and animals. Although most of the surface is covered by water only a small quantity is available as drinking water. Our manner of living creates a lot of pollution which has an environmental impact. Groundwater has a protracted turnover time in the soil and it can take many years before the effects of human impact are detected. The Swedish environmental object is ?Good groundwater quality? which aims to provide a safe and sustainable supply of drinking water today and in the future.