Människor med långvarig smärta undviker ofta fysisk aktivitet. Explicita och implicita attityder kan tänkas vara en komponent i detta undvikande. Studien syftar till att testa ett stimulusmaterial som möjliggör en tillämpning av Implicit Relational Assessment Procedure (IRAP) som metod för att mäta implicit attityd i förhållande till fysisk aktivitet hos personer med långvarig smärta. Explicit och implicit attityd undersöktes hos 11 smärtpatienter och 15 friska kontrollpersoner. 2 av smärtpatienterna och 9 av kontrollpersonerna lyckades genomföra hela proceduren.

This article seeks to re-imagine the Alandish hembygdsrätt to a regional citizenship. Hembygdsrätt is a judicial tool that regulates acquisition of property and voting rights. Its a central part of the autonomy as it constitutes a social-border between Finns and Alanders.However as Åland and Finland became members of the European Union questions arouse concerning the legitimacy of the current statues. The community argued that it could be considered as a breach of the anti-discrimination principle. Therefore Alandish autonomy was recognized as an exception in the joint-accession treaty of Finland and Åland.

Previous research shows that women who are victims of intimate partner violence and also have asubstance abuse have difficulties getting access to services to aid with their experience of violence.This study has examined social workers experiences of working with women with these problems,what types of services are provided and how their service needs are assessed. The study has ahermeneutical approach and the data consists of interviews with nine social workers in lines ofwork that come into contact with women in the previously described client group. The data hasbeen analyzed using content analysis. The result of the study indicates that women who are victimsof intimate partner violence and also have a substance abuse do not get their needs provided forthrough the current services in the field of social work. These women are described as havingcomplex problems and are therefore in need of more and other services than those currentlyprovided.

Background:Nurses can meet women who have been victims of abuse anywhere in the healthcare. Healthcare providers have a responsibility to these women, and it requires a broad range of skills to identify the women and thus be able to help them. It is important to see all patients as unique individuals and provide good care to maintain their specific needs. This paper was done to increase the understanding of nurses' experiences in the encounter with the battered woman.Aim:The aim of this study was to illustrate how nurses experience the encounter with the battered woman.Method:Literature review with both qualitative and quantitative studies. Nine articles were chosen to be read, reviewed and analyzed.Results:Three themes and ten subthemes appeared.

The aim of this study was to examine the view of social service workers on the secondary housing market based upon their work with social investigations regarding people with a difficult substance abuse. The foundation of this study rests upon a phenomenon, which according to other scholars, occurs in the secondary housing market in Sweden. The secondary housing market consists of a multitude of housing projects that social services provide for people who are homeless. The phenomenon is that the secondary housing market contains a number of demands aimed at the clients who live in these housing projects. If a client fails to live up to the demands it can sometimes lead to negative consequences which results in an exclusion from the housing projects.

The background of this study stemmed from the notion that the majority of homeless women with substance abuse, most of all, wanted a secured place of their own to stay. Few involved professionals agreed and instead of perceiving housing as a human right the women were mostly offered various types of short-term social housing. The purpose of this study was thus to examine and analyze how professionals attached to the social services and public housing companies in Gothenburg explained that homeless women with substance abuse were excluded from accommodation on the open housing market. The qualitative approach included ten interviews with eleven professionals in Gothenburg. The theoretical framework consisted mainly of Bourdieu's analytical concepts of field, doxa as well as social, economic and cultural, alongside symbolic capital.

During the last few years the alcohol consumption has increased and is now the highest in 100 years, one usually count that 10 % of the grown up population abuse alcohol and/or drugs and most of them are hidden abusers with families and work. This leads to great costs for the companies. But the much greater cost for the companies are the much larger group of risk abusers. According to the Swedish law the employer has a responsibility for the work milieu and also for the rehabilitate for the employed and drug/alcohol abuse applies to this.I have done qualitative interviews on four companies in the south of Sweden with one representa-tive for the management and one representative for the union. I have investigated their attitudes to alcohol and drugs and how they describe the alcohol culture at the company.The companies define alcohol problems when they are established and obvious and when it is dis-covered they put in resources and because of this they don't work preventive so much.

In Sweden between 800.000 and 900.000 people have some kind of alcohol related addiction. Each and everyone are expected to have three relatives who in some way are involved in the abuser´s way of life. The consequences of living close to someone with an abuse of alcohol is described as a chaotic life with extreme emotional stress, fear and anger.The aim with our essay has been to look into how social workers are describing their work, from the relatives´ point of view. We also wanted to understand how the relatives´ situation can be. We reached our aim through interviews with social workers and by literature studies.The primary conclusion of the essay is that the dominating theory is that addiction is an illness.

Background: Power by force and threats used to be the common way to collect taxes, but this procedure is today completely different. It?s now more about building a mutual relationship and with help of laws and controls steer citizens and companies to pay the tax they owe. Thus the way to collect taxes have changed over the years, the collecting of taxes aren?t a popular task to do.

The main purpose with this essay is to evaluate how the characters of the sexually deviated was discussed during the sexual political debate in the 1960s, and if those apprehensions were reflected in SOU 1976:9 concerning sexual abuse. Furthermore, my prime intention will be to compare the reconstructed historical context, alias the sexual political debate, with the analyzed document, with the purpose to explicate why the anticipated political action weren?t sanctioned and implemented by the parliament. The analysis is carried out through a methodology that retrieves its primal premises from Quentin Skinners theories regarding the history of ideas. My most essential conclusions would be that there in fact existed an equivalence regarding the ideological framework between the radical axioms that was conceived during the sexual political debate and the stipulations that was formulated in the document.

In this study, 29 calves were dehorned by heat cauterisation at the age of 1 to 8 weeks. Before the procedure, the calves were given local anaesthetic but were not sedated. In connection with the dehorning, 14 calves were given the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) meloxicam and 15 calves were given placebo. During the following three days behavioural studies were performed to investigate if the different treatments had any effect on the calves´ postoperative behaviour. Head shakes, head rubs, kicks and ear flicks were studied, as earlier studies have shown that an increase in these behavioural patterns suggests postoperative pain.

Att upprätthålla en effektiv konkurrens är något som EG-rätten syftar till. Genom artikel 82 i EG-fördraget förhindras dominerande företag att via ensidiga förfaranden utestänga konkurrenter eller begränsa konkurrensen. Det finns flera sätt, för ett dominerande företag, att påverka konkurrensen negativt och därmed göra sig skyldigt till missbruk enligt artikel 82. Ett förfarande som under vissa omständigheter kan anses som missbruk är att leveransvägra för att stoppa eller begränsa parallellimporten. I denna uppsats diskuteras och analyseras det om under vilka förutsättningar en leveransvägran kan anses som ett missbruk av en dominerande ställning.

The aim of this study has been to investigate children and adolescent development in ?The turning point? children´s and adolescent program in Kristianstad. We also wanted to find out the support group leaders experiences concerning the children´s and the adolescents development in programs and how they apprehended their role as a support group leader. Our intension was also to study how the adolescent and the children considered their own development in the program. To carry through this study, we used two types of qualitative methods i.e.

Background: A group severely affected by health issues, the experiences of homeless alcohol and drug abusers in the coverage of their medical care needs is not satisfactory. Aim: The aim of the study is to explore which factors experienced by homeless alcohol and drug abusers in Uppsala in regards to their living situation affected their health, their perception of access to healthcare, the character of treatment received and coping strategies used outside of the healthcare system. Method: Nine people who had experienced both homelessness and substance abuse problem were recruited for the study during their visit to Stadsmissionens facilities for the homeless. Data was collected through qualitative, semi-structured interviews including two women and seven men. Data was analyzed using qualitative content analysis according to Giorgi modified by Malterud.Results: Among homeless substance abusers interviewed experiences of unwelcoming and prejudiced healthcare were described.

The aim of this study is to investigate social workers? attitudes toward alcohol abuse, regarding the relationship between the individuals? own responsibility of causing and solving its addiction. The thesis also aims to gain a deeper understanding of what the respondents perceive as important in the creation of these attitudes. In this qualitative study six social workers who all have experiences of working with clients suffering from alcohol abuse are interviewed. The results from the interviews are analyzed with social constructivism as theoretical framework, as well as theories regarding how attitudes are created.