Bakgrund: En vanlig komplikation relaterat till graviditet och f?rlossning ?r urinretention. Denna komplikation ?r ?verg?ende hos majoriteten av de som drabbats men ?r trots detta en vanligt f?rekommande orsak till v?rdskada som kan orsakas av bristande riktlinjer. F?r att minska risken f?r best?ende skador orsakade av urinretention postpartum kr?vs riktlinjer som ?r grundade i aktuell vetenskaplig evidens. I denna studie avser begreppet postpartum tiden upp till en vecka efter f?rlossning. Syfte: Syftet med studien ?r att systematisk bed?ma kvaliteten p? Sveriges f?rlossningsklinikers riktlinjer g?llande urinretention postpartum. Metod: Riktlinjer erh?lls fr?n totalt 36 av Sveriges 44 f?rlossningskliniker, totalt erh?lls 19 riktlinjer, d? vissa enheter anv?nde samma.

This is an examination that investigates how parental guidebooks advise parents on how to solve conflicts between them and their children. The main purpose of this essay is to examine what these parental guidebooks say about rebuke. The following four questions will help to answer the main investigation. These questions are:What do different parental guidebooks write about rebuke?What do parental guidebooks consider to be the goal of rebuke?Which are the consequences of rebuke according to the parental guidebooks?Are there any clear patterns and connections that can be shown?To find an answer to these four questions, I have used eight parental guidebooks.

The purpose of this essay was to find out how violin students apprehend their tuition and if it is possible to achieve good results without negative comparison or competition.The examination is based on eight in-depth interviews with violin students between 8 and19 years of age. All of the students had a strong will to develop and to feel satisfied with their achievements. Almost all of them AGREE that some degree of comparison and competition between violin students does exist. Although some of the students had seen negative sides of such competition, they AGREE on comparison as a good thing as long as it´s positive..

Aim: To describe perceptions about written and verbal information regarding diet and physical activity in women with breast cancer and to study possible differences between ages and perception. Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted and consisted of 57 women with breast cancer stages I-III who started adjuvant chemotherapy within a year (2007-2008). A questionnaire, regarding their perceptions about the written and verbal information they had received about diet and physical activity, was responded to three months following treatment completion. Between 67-93 % of the participants responded to the questions. The answers was analyzed with descriptive statistics and Mann Whitney U-test.

Flertalet av de besökande på akutmottagningarna i Sverige är 65 år och äldre. Patientgruppen äldre som vårdas på akutmottagningarna har ett komplext vårdbehov vilket förutsätter ett kunskapsbaserat och professionellt omhändertagande. Behovet av evidensbaserade riktlinjer för att säkerställa vårdkvalitet till denna patientgrupp är därför påtaglig. Syftet med denna studie var att granska de riktlinjer Sveriges akutmottagningar har gällande omvårdnad av äldre patienter. Studien utfördes som en totalstudie med en deskriptiv design.

The theme of this essay is literacy training in pre-school. The theme takes it starting point in a project, where my colleagues and I noticed our children playing with writing and symbols. It leads to an exciting, reflecting and developing project, a project that will go on for six months together with twenty children in the age of five and six.The essay describes how I and the rest of the staff work with the project, and also how we try to find challenges that are meaningful for our children. When we worked with the project I ended up in a dilemma how I as a teacher was to retain the children?s joy and curiosity for writing without making it boring.

The theme of this essay is literacy training in pre-school. The theme takes it starting point in a project, where my colleagues and I noticed our children playing with writing and symbols. It leads to an exciting, reflecting and developing project, a project that will go on for six months together with twenty children in the age of five and six.The essay describes how I and the rest of the staff work with the project, and also how we try to find challenges that are meaningful for our children. When we worked with the project I ended up in a dilemma how I as a teacher was to retain the children?s joy and curiosity for writing without making it boring.

This master thesis concerns the relationship the librarianhas to the libraries classification system. The system itselfis made by librarians for librarians and is only used bylibrarians. This raises the question of how the librariansrelate to their own system to create order. The empiricalmaterial consists of five in-depth interviews with librarians.Two theoretical approaches were used in the analysis of thematerial with one focus on the librarian?s professional rolland the other on the postmodern theories about humansneed for order.

Aim: To describe perceptions about written and verbal information regarding diet and physical activity in women with breast cancer and to study possible differences between ages and perception. Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted and consisted of 57 women with breast cancer stages I-III who started adjuvant chemotherapy within a year (2007-2008). A questionnaire, regarding their perceptions about the written and verbal information they had received about diet and physical activity, was responded to three months following treatment completion. Between 67-93 % of the participants responded to the questions. The answers was analyzed with descriptive statistics and Mann Whitney U-test.

The aim of this essay is to examine if the attitudes and the experiences of Ability Grouping are the same on different levels of the school organisation.I have chosen to answer the following two questions:· Have the teachers, the students and the headmaster the same idea concerning the educational model at the school, that is, the pros and cons of Ability Grouping?· Does the intentions of the curriculum AGREE with this educational model?I knew what I thought about the educational model at the school that is the object of this essay, after spending ten weeks at it as a trainee, but I felt that I would be interesting to know what the people who are part of that system everyday think about it.In order to be able to answer my questions, I used both the qualitative and the quantitative method. I interviewed the headmaster and five teachers to find out what they thought about Ability Grouping. I also distributed inquiries to 70 students from 6th to 9th grade to get their point of view. In the theoretical discussion I explain the meaning of different conceptions that I use throughout this essay.

SammanfattningBakgrunden beskriver hur barnmorskans arbete ska byggas på vetenskap och beprövad erfarenhet enligt gällande författningar, förordningar, föreskrifter och andra riktlinjer. Det åligger därför barnmorskan att kunna söka, analysera och kritiskt granska relevant kunskap för att kunna delta i utvecklingsarbete eller dess utvärdering. Det finns ett värde i att reflektera över befintliga rutiner och vid behov medverka till en förändring samt implementera ny kunskap. Kliniska riktlinjer har tagits fram för att underlätta det kliniska arbetet och det är därför viktigt att riktlinjerna innehåller evidensbaserad forskning. Syftet med studien var att granska och värdera kvaliteten av lokala behandlingsriktlinjer gällande mödrahälsovårdens basprogram.

The aim is to find out how teachers apply the knowledge they get from mathematics pilots in preschool and from mathematics developer in the municipality, as well as how they work further towards the children with mathematics.The study is based on qualitative interviews with two teachers, one mathematic pilot and one mathematic developer. I used the semi-structured interview questions.The results show that teachers believe that mathematics pilots will inspire the teachers in their work with mathematics in preschool. One of the teachers who were interviewed said:?Mathematics pilots should be those that have the strongest glasses and coming up with new ideas and they push the rest of the teachers in their work with mathematics in relation to children in preschool?.The teachers use the correct terms for mathematical concepts with the children. They also stressed how important it is to point out to the kids that it is mathematics that they are doing.The conclusion of the study is that the teachers AGREE that it is their approach towards the children that is important and how they can lead the children?s interest of mathematics forward.

Abstract The purpose of this study is to examine how teachers in primary school reason about and problematize the phenomenon of concentration difficulties. I want to know what the teachers think characterizes concentration difficulties, the situations in which difficulties creates the most problems, and whether the teachers think that these difficulties solely depend on external factors. To examine this, I chose to do interviews with three teachers in years four to six. I have completed parts of my work with my colleague Elin Preisz. We have used the same purpose and issues in our studies, although Elin has interviewed teachers in preschool. With this we want to be able to compare the reasoning between teachers at different stages in school. The results of my study shows that the interviewees think that it is hard to describe what characterizes the problems in concentration difficulties because the problems is very individual.

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to investigate students' perception of their grades in relation to the grading criteria in physical education. To investigate this used issues: how values and experience rating criteria? How do students their teachers' planning of lessons? How do students grading assessment in physical education and what they believe is important? The method used was a questionnaire with closed questions. The answers were given on a six-point scale, ranging from 1 = "not true" to 6 = "totally AGREE". In a qualitative analysis of the quantitative material.

Ambulanssjukvården har gått från att ha varit en ren transportenhet till att vara en i det närmaste rullande akutmottagning. Till sin hjälp har ambulansbesättningen behandlingsriktlinjer som de bör följa. Behandlingsriktlinjer är sammanställningar av praktisk information som bistår vårdare och patienter i att ta sjukvårdsgrundande beslut under vissa specifika kliniska omständigheter, som även gäller som generella läkemedelsordinationer. Syftet med denna undersökning är att granska och jämföra variationer i Västra Götalands behandlingsriktlinjer inom ambulanssjukvården med avseende på patienter som drabbats av höftfraktur samt hur de överensstämmer med vetenskap och beprövad erfarenhet.De fem ambulansområdenas behandlingsriktlinjer i Västra Götalandsregionen avseende omhändertagandet av patienter med misstänkt höftfraktur undersöktes. Granskningen av behandlingsriktlinjerna utfördes med hjälp av granskningsinstrumentet AGREE II.