Economy and environment has for a long time been studied separately and seen as incompatible. With a growing society and increasing pressure on environmental issues the need of a new economy with the environment included is necessary. This study examine if European Union´s picture of the Waste hierarchy match the reality. Since the purpose with the Waste hierarchy is to benefit environmental and economy. A survey was made over Käppalaförbundets Waste from 2013, to see where the Waste falls in the Waste hierarchy.

This paper deals with challenges associated with handling scrubber Waste in the port of Karlshamn and what various industry partners are doing to meet this growing demand. The main challenges have been the proportion of ships with scrubber, the amount of generated Waste and Waste characterisation. An understanding of these factors has been crucial in order to ascertain the aim of this study, which has been made with calculations based on leading manufacturer?s scrubber analyses and with an estimation of the quantity of ships with scrubber by examining AIS data from the Port of Karlshamn. In order to calculate the quantity of scrubber Waste two different scenarios were established, which in turn produced two different outcomes.

The research in this paper aims to producing a home version machine thatcan dry and make biological Waste into compact pellets. This product ismade primarily for those who want to improve the environment and reducethe energy consuming process of separating the biological leftovers fromother Waste in the large processing plants and save money due to reducedpickups of Waste. Since there is no commercially available product thatdoes what we want to achieve we had to start from the beginning with boththe design and the mechanical aspects. The result is a machine, that fits inour homes, and in an easy and inexpensive way reduces the amount ofbiological Waste that needs to be collected by the public Wastetransportation system. This is done without reducing any of the energy inthe Waste and it can still be used to compost or by large-scale plants that usethe Waste to make electricity.

This study aims to evaluate the Waste management in Norrbottens municipalities in key areas such as possibilities to reach the two national Waste goals, information to the public, the effect of legislation, future of Waste management and differences in geographic- and demographic areas. The Waste Framework Directive (WFD) issued by the EU and incorporated into Swedish law plays a major part in Waste management by defining a hierarchy in five steps how Waste should be treated. Interviews conducted with each of the fourteen municipalities aimed to find out what step in the hierarchy they are at and what effect the implementation of EU-legislature into Swedish law has had. Based on the interviews a diverse range of answers was found in relation to the questions asked, generally the more populated municipalities saw a more positive future of Waste management, mainly because more developed infrastructure to handle Waste is already in place. However the smaller the municipality is the harder it is to allocate resources for Waste management and problems arise in the form of expensive transports of Waste.

To achieve the Government's milestones for 2018, which means that 50 % of food Waste shall be separated from household Waste and undergo biological treatment (composting or anaerobic digestion).   Hultsfred, Högsby and Vimmerby are three adjacent municipalities of Kalmar, county Småland. During 2012 and 2013 analyzes were performed on their household Waste to determine its composition. The household Waste is currently collected in one fraction. The work, examines how much food Waste the household Waste contains. From the amount of food Waste, the biogas potential is examined - how much food Waste biogas generates and how much energy it corresponds to.   Food Waste is broken down by microorganisms under anaerobic conditions (anaerobic digestion) in a biogas plant.

According to the European Union Waste hierarchy, Waste should first of all be minimized. Reuse and material and energy recycling come next. Lastly the Waste should be thrown at the refuse tip. In the inner city of Stockholm Waste handling can be done in various types of ways. The solutions vary as a result of the type of architecture of the building and its condition.

The collection of hazardous Waste from the household around Swedish municipalities varies. 1% of the households Waste is hazardous Waste. It has hazardous features that can give bad consequences for the nature and human health if we don?t collect it and treat it. Therefore the law controls it, the municipalities have responsibility for the household Waste.

Construction Waste from the housing industry includes all unnecessary consumption of building materials. The definition of construction Waste is construction materials that has not been built in and becomes Waste. Constructions Waste can be divided into two types of contributions: operational and work site contribution. Some of the common construction materials in housing industry have such low usage level as 75 % and the rest becomes construction Waste. Low usage of construction materials creates unnecessary costs and has a major environmental impact.

All products will eventually end up as Waste, which in a sustainable society has to be handled in an efficient and environment friendly way. This report focuses on Waste fractions meant for combustion, often difficult to characterize. However, more homogeneous fractions that are treated biologically are also discussed.The study concerns the region of Borås, Sweden, where the Waste plant Sobacken has provided a good starting point. On this site, fuel to the Energy-from-Waste plant of Borås Energi is prepared and the biological Waste is treated through anaerobic digestion.One important part of the study has been to collect experience-based knowledge from the technical staff at Sobacken and Borås Energi. This information was compiled into an overview of wanted and unwanted fractions to the preparation plant and the boilers respectively.

As a result of an increased consumption, Waste volumes has grown steadily throughout the 1900s, and this puts great demands on an efficient and ecological sustainable Waste management on both local and national level. In order to evaluate collection and disposal of household Waste, a large number of Sweden´s municipalities are using Waste analyses. The overall aim of this study has been to summarize and assess results from Waste analyses executed in Härjedalen´s municipality during the years 2007-2011.The evaluation has given information about the household Waste´s composition, quantity and change in time. The report´s objective has been to create a basis which the municipality can use in planning of future information efforts and other measures, and give some proposals on how these can be designed and targeted. Therefore, the report also highlights research on motivations factors that affects environmentally conscious behavior such as recycling, and how different instruments like information can be used to promote this.

This thesis concerns Waste management on construction sites and was conducted on behalf of ICA Fastigheter.Areas of concern:How can an environmentally-efficient Waste management system on construction sites be defined? What potential exists for exploiting the Waste resources that are generated?How can the Waste management be optimised by reducing the quantity of Waste and by optimal sorting?How can the client of a project influence the Waste management?The purpose of the work was to investigate sustainable Waste management in the building and construction sector and to highlight Waste as a resource from an environmental and economic perspective.The aim of the work was to define an environmentally-efficient Waste management system, to analyse the potential that exists in Waste management and to draw up guidelines for optimal Waste management.The method consisted of a literature study, two visits to construction sites and four interviews.An environmentally-efficient Waste management system means that the Waste is managed in the following order of priority:Prevention     Reuse  Recycling     Energy recoveryLandfill     The prevention of Waste is an important area that has not been adequately explored by the building and construction industry. The quantities of Waste could decrease with the implementation of measures such as ordering materials in the dimensions required, prefabricated components, logistics centres with Just-In-Time deliveries, less and improved packaging and less wrapping. The reuse of Waste materials and temporary apparatus as well as the use of a return pallet system are examples of reuse that reduces the quantities of Waste.In most cases the source sorting work is a matter of course and the proportion going to landfill is down at a low level. The source sorting can be optimised by sorting all materials that can be reused and recycled to use them as a resource.

The Waste fractions offered to households in Sweden differ depending on where you live. The responsibility for the Waste are grounded by the Swedish law where the municipality are responsible for the collection of household Waste and FTI are responsible for collecting all packages and papers that the households sorts out. A new Waste regulation is under consideration where the responsibility for the household Waste may change. The bulky Waste from households is collected at recycling centers where the households leave it in different containers for different fractions. These recycling centers are formed different and the fractions offered in them also differ depending on in what municipality they are located.

The purpose of this report was to identify the current Waste management of non-hazardous construction and demolition Waste in a few Swedish construction companies, based on the different steps in the Waste hierarchy with a focus on Waste prevention, reuse and recycle. Additionally, the purpose was to attempt identifying opportunities, obstacles and as well as to propose possible solutions from an environmental perspective. The method used was a qualitative study using interviews conducted through emails and phone with employees occupying positions that could answer this reports questions. The results of this report indicates that Waste management of construction and demolition Waste has improved, and less Waste goes into landfills. The concern is that the overall amount of Waste being produced is not decreasing, thus calling for actions preventing the production of Waste.

The purpose of this report is to find a model of statistics for construction and demolition Waste, which makes it useful for the local manager at the building site. The intention with the model is that it will be used as a support of the local manager, to direct his project towards reduced strain of the environment. The model will also be used to make it easier to control that the claims from authority and aims for the environment are achieved. To familiarise with the subject Waste handling within the building and construction sectorI have done a literature search. I have also been studying rules and regulations regarding the Waste handling.

This study has examined if importation of Waste for energy recovery can reduce the climate impacts of Waste Management Systems. Using Systems Analysis this study will try to examine the complex Waste systems in a systematical and strictly logical way to see how these systems interact and affect each other. Specifically examining the climate impact of Waste management systems in England. The traditional way of handling Waste in England is through Landfills. Land filling leads to emissions of the greenhouse gas Methane. The EU has put in place a landfill directive that is supposed to lead the member states away from land filling as a method of Waste management. Today in Sweden there is a competition for the Waste available for incineration. The worsening economical situation together with less product packaging and an increase in source separation leads to a lack of Waste available for incineration.