Risk- och sårbarhetsanalyser för smarta elnät
The electrical grid needs to be changed in the future in order to manage more distributed and renewable generation and also to make it possible for electricity consumers to be more active and aware of their electricity consumption. This future grid is usually referred to as a smart grid. With the transition to a smart grid, new challenges occur. One method to determine those challenges is to perform risk and vulnerability analyses. InStockholm, the new urban district Stockholm Royal Seaport is built. The district has a strong environmental profile and the electricity grid in the area is formed into a smart grid. Responsible for constructing the smart grid is Fortum.The purpose of this master thesis has been to develop a method for risk and vulnerability analyses for smart grids. To achieve the purpose, the following questions have been answered:What are the risks and challenges in a smart grid?What do current methods for risk and vulnerability analyses for electricity networks look like?How can a method be developed for risk and vulnerability analyses for smart grids?What are the risks in the smart grid in Stockholm Royal Seaport?Focus in the thesis has been on distribution level and risks that lead to power outages. Some of the smart grid technologies, such as energy storage, will not be included in the early stages in the development of the smart grid in Stockholm Royal Seaport, and are not addressed in this thesis. The risks that have been identified for smart grids are mainly about challenges in communication and how information is handled, maintenance, and the transition of the grid structure.Electricity companies perform risk and vulnerability analyses for their electrical networks regarding delivery security. This means that the risks examined are such that if they do occur they can lead to power outages that lasts more than 24 hours, or shorter depending on power load. The risks are divided into five different categories and the consequences of the risks are determined after how long time it takes to fix them when they have led to a power outage.To obtain a functioning method for risk and vulnerability analyses for smart grids an additional category has been added. This category is called information security and includes risks related to information and communication technology.The method has been tested on the intended grid in Stockholm Royal Seaport. The most important risks that have been identified in the smart grid are integration of new components and systems, cooperation between participants, lack of information management and interruption in communication network.