Psykosocial hälsa i samhällsplanering
en litteraturbaserad studie om kontextuella och kompositionella faktorer i bostadsområdet
Psykosocial hälsaBostadsområdeKontextuella och kompositionella faktorerRisk- och friskfaktorerSamhällsplaneringPsychosocial healthNeighbourhoodContextual and compostional factorsRisk and health factorsSocial planning
ABSTRACT: Introduction: There are intentions from the Swedish government to provide guidelines and tools for a healthy social planning. The field is in a Swedish context relatively unstudied regarding psychosocial health and the neighbourhood. Aim: The study aimed to examine how social planning can affect the health of individuals. The focus areas were contextual and compositional factors related to individuals' psychosocial health and the contextual risk- and health factors that exist in the neighbourhood. Method: A literature-based study was conducted and 15 scholarly articles form the basis for analyse. Results: Individuals' psychosocial health in the neighbourhood was influenced by contextual and compositional factors. The majority of the literature showes a co-variation between the two. The most important finding in the literature was consistent on the issue of compositional factors? influence on individuals? psychosocial health. The contextual factors were more difficult to ascertain and to say how they affect the psychosocial health. The most important risk factor in the neighbourhood was high residential instability and the key health factor was high social participation. Discussion: Over-adjustment for compositional factors in the analysed literature may have lead to erroneous conclusions about the contextual factors' association with psychosocial health. One factor that proved important for the psychosocial health was participation; hence, it is important to develop interventions in the neighbourhood to promote social participation. Currently there are tools that assess social impact of social planning; one is the so-called Health Impact Assessment (HIA). This study provides implications for the strategic public health efforts at the municipal level.