Modeller för studier av ursprungsmärkt el
The EU has decided that it should be possible for consumers to get information about the origin of the electricity they buy. Therefore, there is a need to examine different systems for electricity disclosure. In this thesis two ways of disclosure have been studied:? Certificate system. A certificate system involves two parallel markets, one for trading electrical energy and one for trading certificates of origin.? Separated Markets. In this system there are different electricity commodities where each electricity commodity is equivalent to a mix of different power sources. Examples of these commodities are pure bio electricity, pure hydro electricity, pure wind electricity and gray electricity. Gray electricity is an unspecified mix of different power sources where origin does not matter.The aim of this thesis was to create models which can be used to study the consequences of implementing the above described disclosure systems.Two test systems were constructed in order to develop suitable models; a single- and a multiarea model. The focus of the single-area model simulations was how to model consumers willingness to pay for electricity of a certain origin as well as the pricing. In the multi-area model impacts of transmission were included. The constructed multi-area model was a simplified model of the Nordic power market, with possibility to randomize demand and supply.Simulations showed that the social surplus increase after introducing systems for electricity disclosure. The choice of disclosure system is dependent on market characteristics. Nondispatchable power plants (for example wind power) are most favored by certificate systems.