Kriget i Afghanistan - ett nödvändigt ont?
En kritisk diskursanalys av New York Times ställningstagande till och framing av kriget i Afghanistan
The war in AfghanistanPeace journalismWar journalismNew York TimesFramingEditorialsKriget i AfghanistanFredsjournalistikKrigsjournalistikNew York TimesFramingLedarartiklar
AbstractTitle: The war in Afghanistan ? a necessary evil? (Kriget i Afghanistan ? ett nödvändigt ont? En kritisk diskursanalys av New York Times ställningstagande till och framing av kriget i Afghanistan)Number of pages: 41 (41 including enclosures)Authors: Jenny Häggmark, Madeleine JanssonTutor: Christian ChristensenCourse: Media and Communication Studies CPeriod: Fall term 2011University: Division of Media and Communication, Department of Information Science, Uppsala UniversityPurpose/aim: Our main goal with this paper is to examine and describe how The New York Times have framed the war in Afghanistan in their editorials, and how their position on the war is reflected in the editorials. We are also interested in finding out if their position on the war has changed during the ten years of war. Are the New York Times editorials characterized by peace or war journalism?Material/Method: To fulfill our aim with this paper we are going to use a qualitative method of content analyzes, the critical discourse analysis, when we analyze the editorials selected. The material consists of 40 editorials from The New York Times from four different years ? 2001, 2004, 2007 and 2011 ? ten from each year. We will analyze these editorials using Johan Galtung?s theory of peace and war journalism, along with the theory of framing, using Robert M. Entman?s definition as a base.Main results: Our main results are that The New York Times has changed their position on the war in Afghanistan since it started in 2001. The first two years that we have analyzed, 2001 and 2004, The New York Times were positive towards the war. However, their position on the war has been negative or neutral in the studied editorials from 2007 and 2011. Our results show that The New York Times framed the war in six salient frames ? position, peace, war, nation building/democracy in Afghanistan, ?us and them?, and criticism against the Bush administration. The editorials from 2001 are characterized as war journalism while the majority of the editorials from the following years are characterized as peace journalism.Key words: War in Afghanistan, framing, peace journalism, war journalism, New York Times, editorials.