Analys av miljöaspekter för en planerad svensk fabrik i Kina
A Swedish company, company F, will establish a new factory in China. Company F is adivision within Company F. The factory in China will manufacture wire products. Thepurpose of this final thesis is to analyse which legal and practical measures the company hasto undertake during the process of localization to get approval from the Chineseenvironmental legislation.An analysis of the influencing factors on the environment from the production in theconstruction in Sweden was carried through. A material-balance was analysed according tothe flowchart of the production. Since China is still considered a developing country, it is alsostill a lot different from Sweden, but it is changing rapidly. Most of the environmental lawsthat were studied are parts of the legal framework, which means that no exact limits ordetailed guidelines are given. The company brings its cutting-edge technology, which still isnew and unknown to the industrial park in China. Therefore it is too early to decide whethercompany F complies with the local jurisdiction in China. The company will make a thoroughreport on its future production to EPA, the Environmental Protection Agency, when theyapply for a license for the factory. In the report they can describe the production in Swedenand compare it to its possible production in China. By presenting the demands andrequirements of the EPA in Sweden given to company F by regard to its Swedish business, itcan help the EPA in China getting a better idea about the production and to what extentdischarge and contamination from the factory will affect the environment. To be able to planfor the long run and make the production meet the environmental standards in China, thefactory must use Swedish standards from the beginning.Two industrial parks in China were visited, one in Suzhou and the other in Wuxi. From anenvironmental perspective, both of the locations are good options for company F since bothare high-qualitative industrial parks that already exist. Suzhou is closer to Shanghai and hasits own Customs, which will benefit the company. There are companies, approved by theindustrial park and the EPA, that take care of waste. They collect the waste from the factory,and send some parts to a recycling factory. After the process of recycling, it is once againdelivered to the factories to produce e.g. new paper- or plastic-products. The rest of the toxicwaste is sent to other places for storage, disposal and destruction. Some toxic waste collectedfrom the factory undergoes a special process.When company F establishes its factory in China they should pay extra attention to whichlocation to choose and also which material of construction to use in order to avoid the hazardof fire. The lay-out must be thoroughly planned ? e.g. where the fire exits should be. It isimperative that education about processing and environment be given continuously. Theinformation must reach the staff on all levels. The company must improve the technique allthe time, and look for the best possible technique available. Discharge in air or water must bemeasured regularly, according to the standards of the local authorities. The inspections of theplant must also take place regularly.