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463 Uppsatser om Wood - Sida 1 av 31

Effekt på värdeutfallet av sågad vara vid övergång från 30 till 60 cm moduler : - en fallstudie av Moelven

The purpose of this study is to explain how the value of sawn Wood changes when sawn Wood are cut in 30 respective 60 cm lengths. The raw material into the saw mill will mainly be bucked in 30cm and 60 cm modules. There will also be two alternatives where the timber will be bucked special lengths, 370, 490 and 550 cm but also in 490 and 550 cm.The method used for the study is to simulate both cutting and sawing the Woods. For cutting the simulator Timan is used and for sawing the simulator Timberopt is used. When data is generatedfrom the simulators, calculations of some key figures is done and also how much the revenue need to be increased for the sawn Wood in order to cover for the increased costs of changing sawn Woodfrom 30 cm to 60 cm modulesThe conclusion is that the single biggest reason, impacting the value of the sawn Wood is the cutting at the saw mill.When going from 30 to 60 cm modules, the impact will be that the customers to the saw mill must pay more to increase the revenue by at least 10% for the sawn Wood in order to justifice the changein production.It is also possible to increase the value of the products further by bucking the timber in three lengths, 370, 490 and 550 cm, in order to get 12 % increase of the share of longer sawn Wood (>= 480 cm)..

Skogsbrandens påverkan på död ved :

Fire is an important ecological factor, but its consumption of coarse Woody debris, CWD, has hardly received any attention. In this study, I investigate the consumption in relation to the time of initial flame exposure and propensity for continued combustion of standing CWD of pine (Pinus sylvestris). Two types of CWD were studied. Firstly, Wood that had been dead for one to ten years. Secondly, Wood that had been dead for several decades. In the burning experiments, logs of approx.

Trä som fasadmaterial ? behandling och beständighet

Since prehistoric time man has used Wood to build their environment. The material?s availabilitycombined with its good mechanical properties has often made it the material of choice. Like allmaterials exposed to natures degradative processes the properties of Wood decreases over time.Rot, UV radiation and attacks by insects and pests damage Wood if not protected. Since we wantwhat we build to consist, optimizing our building materials durability is of great interest.Techniques and methods for increasing the endurance of Wood have been developed in severaldifferent places and for a long time.

Epoxidised linseed oil as hydrophobic substance for wood protection : technology of treatment and properties of modified wood

Public concern about the release of toxic compounds from Wood-based products drives legislation towards enforcing industries to find and use more sustainable solutions for Wood treatment. Plant oils are good alternatives to treat Wood, minimizing or even neutralizing the impact on the environment. Wood modification with epoxidised linseed oil (ELO) and acetic acid as catalyst has proven a suitable method to impregnate and protect Wood. However, the mixture presents a serious inconvenience because of the quick polymerization of the ingredients that limits its practical application. Therefore, this study was designed to evaluate an alternative method using a two-step process which bypassed the problem above.

Visuell handelsortering av furu och gran

This essay concerns the visual trade grading of pine and spruce.In the 1800s developed rules for sorting of Wood. The rules used to facilitate the export trade.The terms of the regulatory sorting systems developed in the 1900s. While it still used some of the older terms.The essay deals with how the grading rules affect the use of Wood and how the rule work and how the terminology works.Some of the terms used for sorting are O/S, Kvinta, Utskott and A,B,C,D.You sorting by counting the numbers of knots, cracks and other characteristics of each piece of Wood.The sawmills have much influence in how the rules developed.Today it is often already determined in the sawmills which uses each piece of Wood most have..

Betydelsen av skogsbruksplaner som verktyg vid anskaffning av virke

Forest management plans have been sold to private forest owners by Wood supplying companies for a long time. These plans are considered to be effi-cient tools to identify measures and Wood volumes, and are simply a starting point for discussions between private forest owners and round Wood pur-chasers. However, large variations are observed between different purchas-ers, in their usage of the plans. The purpose of this report is to identify to what extent a forest management plan can promote an increase in the amount of Wood which a round Wood purchaser can obtain and to find differences in the way of using the plans between different Wood purchasers. Furthermore, the purpose is also to ana-lyse if varying owner structures can be underlie variations in the selling of forest management plans. Qualitative interviews with nine of Stora Enso?s round Wood purchasers were performed.

Stubbtransporter och bränslekvalitet hos stubbved :

Stump Wood is a hot alternative when the heating plants demands more and more forest fuel. The aim with the study has bean to calculate the costs in four different systems for transportations of stump Wood, examine if there are any differences in fuel quality for the stump Wood in the different systems, analyse if the fuel quality in stump Wood is affected with the time it lays by the road side and how much space the stump Wood demands on the road side. To calculate the costs for the different systems a system analysis was carried out, where some of the costs were collected through field studies on Holmen Skog stump experiment and other costs were collected from literature and contacts. Data for the fuel quality study was collected from Eons heat plant in Norrköping. Data for the study of how much space stump Wood takes along a roadside was collected from field studies.

Sveaskogs möjligheter att utveckla trädbränsleverksamheten i Västerbotten och södra Norrland :

This final thesis is initiated by the Wood fuel department at the Swedish forest company Sveaskog as part of a project which also involves two other final thesises. The overall goal of the project is to investigate Sveaskog´s possibilities to produce and sell different Wood fuel assortments in Västerbotten and the southern parts of Norrland. The aim of this thesis is to investigate how much Wood fuel Sveaskog can produce in the area during the next five years and what that would cost. Furthermore the thesis will investigate the total possible supply of Wood fuel from all other possible producers in the area. Treated assortments are forest residues from final fellings, whole trees from direct Wood fuel thinnings, non industrial Wood and industrial by-products from sawmills. The main effort to investigate Sveaskog´s production possibilities has been made to calculate the possible annual amount of forest residues and fuel from Wood fuel thinnings that can be produced.

Qualities and supply of suitable dead wood for Ceruchus chrysomelinus and its dispersal pattern in a translocated population

The Wood-living beetle Ceruchus chrysomelinus is a rare species connected to natural forests. In Sweden, it is red-listed as endangered (EN) and an action plan for its preservation has been done by the Swedish Environmental Protection Agency. In this work I have therefore investigated how a translocation of the species succeeded after 17 years. I aimed to study the species dispersal biology, its substrate preferences and the supply of suitable Wood on this site. The study was performed during 2012 in Pansaruddens nature reserve close to Uppsala in Sweden, which is a spruce dominated forest.

Hör träbränslena hemma i växthusen? :

With the elevated oil prices of today it is necessary to look for other heating alternatives. If the oil price continues to develop in the same way it has done the last years it will soon be impossible for many producing garden companies to survive. The purpose of this diploma work is to compare three different fuel options in order to find the most economic one considering the conditions of Katrinebergs Handelsträdgård AB. In relation to oil it is profitable to change to any of the three alternatives: Wood chips, Wood pellets and grain. The most profitable option is to change to Wood chips. This alternative has a payoff time less than three years and after that the annual saving compared to the oil is relatively high. The annual cost is 65 % of the cost of the oil alternative.

En jämförande studie av fem lastbilsmonterade flishuggar

The study was carried out as a time study of five Wood chippers placed on trucks,so?called huggbilar. They are trucks with built?in Wood chipper, chip bowl and crane pulling a chip trailer. The system is used for chipping Wood fuel, transporting, and delivering the chips to heating plants.

Produktivitet och lönsamhet vid skörd av skogsbränsle i klen björkgallring :

The aim of the study was to compare productivity in first thinning of birch stands, when either energy- or pulpWood was harvested. The systems total profitability was also compared by including forwarding and chipping costs. A Gremo 950 HPVR harvester was used and the same driver was used under the entire study. During the pulpWood harvest a Logmax 4000b harvester head was used and a feller buncher head made by Silvatec was used during the energy Wood harvest. Six study unit pairs were located in a birch dominated stand outside Ängelholm in Skåne.

Uppfattningar om tryckved bland träbearbetande företag i Sverige :

The primary purpose of this study has been to investigate the Swedish timber industry?s perception of compression Wood. A secondary aim has been to describe particular areas within the production process where compression Wood is likely to cause problems. This study has mainly been carried out as a questionnaire. In order to connect the findings to current research, additional information has also been collected by means of a literature review. The questionnaire has been intended for sawmills and Wood-manufacturing companies from various production classes and owner categories, as well as from different parts of the country.

Död ved i gallrad skog och nyckelbiotoper : en jämförelse av habitatkvaliteter för vedlevande lavar och mossor

A high amount of dead Wood is one of the most important prerequisites for high biodiversity on forest land in Sweden. Dead Wood is most abundant in young forests, thinned forests, Woodland key habitats and protected forest land. In old-growth forests most of the dead Wood consists of logs and snags, whilst in managed forests a huge proportion of dead Wood is made up of logging residues like stumps and FWD, fine Woody debris (< 10 cm diameter). All these different types of dead Wood may serve as substrates for epixylic bryophytes and lichens. However, few studies have been conducted on the relative importance of these different fractions of dead Wood for the occurrence of bryophytes and lichens, especially when considering dead Wood on thinned forest land.

Automatisk tändning till modern vedpanna

If you have access to Wood, a Wood burning boiler is a cheap way to heat your home, but it is certainly not the most convenient option. Wood requires many operations and management, which takes time. One way to reduce this workload is to have a modern boiler with automatic ignition. Enertech/CTC has a desire to create an accessory with automatic ignition to a modern Wood burning boiler. Today there is no boiler on the market that can ignite fireWood automatically without the introduction of paper and sticks.

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