The first commercially produced wind Turbines in Sweden are starting to reach theend of their lifetime after approximately 25 years of producing energy. The cost fordismantling the Turbines, according to Ardefors et al. (2009), is calculated to be 1-2 %of the total investment of the wind Turbines. The purpose of this master thesis is tomap the dismantling process of wind Turbines in Sweden and try to find a sustainablesolution for the future.To make sure that a correct dismantling process takes place, and that the financialaspect is covered, a proposal for a financial guarantee is worked upon. A nationalunanimity will be created through a financial guarantee and the risk will be minimalof a third party getting afflicted.Studies of literature and interviews have been carried out.

Wind power in Sweden is expanding in response to the government's decision that 49% of Sweden's power should originate from renewable energy sources by the year 2020. Problems with noise and sound emissions related to wind Turbines are a constant argument against the wind power expansion and this paper means to examine if vertical axis wind Turbines might be a viable alternative to the conventional horizontal design for noise sensitive areas. In order to determine factors like difference in frequency, noise propagation and noise emission level, measurements of both horizontal and vertical axis wind Turbines have been completed and the data analyzed with MATLAB. It is shown that there is a difference in how the noise from the two types of Turbines propagates due to avariation in the frequency spectra of the emitted sound. It is also shown that vertical axis wind Turbines generate a lower sound emission with less intensity inthe lower frequencies..

The purpose of this study was to increase the level of knowledge in the field of Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) for wind power. The study includes six wind power farms in the County of Västerbotten in northern Sweden. The main questions were: What are the real dimensions of roadways and land claims for both roads and wind power Turbines? How do those dimensions correlate with the dimensions stated in the EIA? Are there any differences in values of the dimensions between the wind power farms that are included in this study? The width of the roadways and the land claims for both roads and wind Turbines in wind power farms were examined on site. The results from the examinations were compared with the dimensions available in the EIA for each wind power farm.

The purpose of this study was to increase the level of knowledge in the field of Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) for wind power. The study includes six wind power farms in the County of Västerbotten in northern Sweden. The main questions were: What are the real dimensions of roadways and land claims for both roads and wind power Turbines? How do those dimensions correlate with the dimensions stated in the EIA? Are there any differences in values of the dimensions between the wind power farms that are included in this study? The width of the roadways and the land claims for both roads and wind Turbines in wind power farms were examined on site. The results from the examinations were compared with the dimensions available in the EIA for each wind power farm.

ABSTRACTMany wind Turbines have problems with icing and there is still no effective method to de-ice without stoppage of production and power loss. Here I therefore consider other methods than those available today, and particularly, I consider how these methods could be applied to wind Turbines of the company Oxel. A surface where the water droplets do not attach might be the basis for a useful method. If no water attaches, no ice could form. To accomplish this a hydrophobic surface is nessesary, for example wax.

Along with the rapid expansion of wind power in Sweden during the last decades the competition about favorable areas has hardened. This among other reasons has caused the projectors to look into development of wind power in forests. There are several aspects regarding fatigue loads on the constructions that are severe in complex terrain, among which turbulence is one. The levels of turbulence which are accepted in order for the Turbines to face a life length exceeding 20 years are regulated by the International Electrotechnical Commission, (IEC). In order to keep the turbulence below these levels there are three major steering tools to use: The ambient turbulence decreases with height and can therefore be regulated by the hub height of the Turbines.

Wind power is one of the sources of renewable energy which has to be developed further in order to lessen our dependence on non renewable sources of energy. It's mainly oil and coal which have to be replaced by green energy. Wind power is already established in many countries, for example Germany, The United States of America and Denmark but it has to be continually developed and expanded to meet the needs of the growing energy consumption in the world. During the last few years many types of small wind Turbines have appeared on the market. These small wind Turbines are an alternative to the big wind Turbines or power generators which demand huge sums of investment money.A new target group can now buy the small wind Turbines in order to cover their own usage of electricity.

Purpose of this thesis is to study the impact of wind Turbines on their surroundings. It also aims to analyze how the communication looks between the authorities, the planner and local residents prior to the establishment of wind Turbines in Lännäs/Odensbacken in Örebro, where three wind Turbines set up in a group.The results of this survey show that the participants experience themselves not as especially disturbed of the Turbines in the form of large noise, shadows, and sleep disturbance indoors and outdoors. Participants felt that no change had taken place on the natural environment (52%) since the Turbines became operational. It was 49% of participants had got no information about the establishment of Örebro Municipality, Örebro County Administrative Board or Wind Power Company. Scientists/­experts had the highest confidence of 86%, politicians and the media/journalists had least confidence.

The purpose of this master thesis is to investigate how nearby forests affect the energy production in wind Turbines. To reach the purpose a case study is performed on three wind Turbines sited on a field in a north-south line at Andersfält in the municipality of Halmstad, Sweden. Approximately 100 meters south of the southern wind turbine a forest is situated. The case study is divided into three sub studies where the difference in energy production, the affect of the forest and a wind meteorology model, WAsP, is studied. The result show that the forest have a significant influence and that the WAsP-model gives an incorrect result of the energy production in wind Turbines sited near a forest..

In Uppsala CHP Plant, there are six pressure reducing valves to reduce the pressure from 15 to 3 bars, before six absorption heat pumps. During the process the energy is conserved but losses occur in form of exergy. The aim of this thesis is to reduce the losses of exergy. This can be done by letting Turbines replace the pressure reducing valves.In this thesis an investigation has been done of the conditions today, the conditions after the change from pressure reducing valves to Turbines and a comparison of three different types of turbine solutions. The three examined solutions are one turbine, several helical screw expanders and several small Turbines in parallel with asynchronous generators.The six absorption heat pumps have been divided into two groups; one group of four and one group of two absorption heat pumps.

During the last years commercial Wind Power Turbines (WPT) has become larger regardingto the generator sizes and hub heights. Available hub heights around 100 meters is nowcommon, which has led to profitability for WPT located in forests where there normally are tolow wind speeds. The current knowledgement regarding turbulence and the variation in thewind profile for the outcome of the power production for the WPT in forests is limited.In this Master of Science thesis an investigation concerning forest located wind power plantshas been made. The purpose has been to investigate if plants located in forest perform lesscompared to wind power Turbines located at more common locations.The analyses are based on statically material for determining the availability,production/generator size, production/hub height, production/swept area and how thetopography affect the production results.The analyses show that the variation in production result for WPT located in forest comparedto Turbines located at other locations is small. The availability is high and the productionresults are good..

The use of energy is an important question in today´s society, and a substantial part of the energy that is used today is used in our homes. To lower this usage is vital, and there are regulations in place both on the national and the local level, that say that new apartment blocks must be built to consume less energy, which in the end will lower the impact on the climate.One way to make the housing sector more environmentally sustainable, is to produce energy issions that are bad for the environment, for example to build wind Turbines close to or even on the buildings, so called urban wind power. The scope for this report is to see if urban wind power could be a sustainable alternative for the residential area that Svenska Bostäder plans to build in Albano in Stockholm.There are extensive scientific theories regarding wind and wind power, and a literature study is made to investigate past knowledge in the area. Efforts have been made to find earlier trials with urban wind power and, both scientific research and trials where urban wind power actually has been installed. The theory chapter deals both with the wind itself and how electricity can be generated from wind.

The Swedish government have a goal that wind Turbines shall produce 30 TWh by the year 2020, compared to about 3,5 TWh produced in Sweden during 2010. To minimize the disturbance that wind Turbines create the Swedish Environmental Protection Agency has stated a guideline value that noise from wind Turbines at nearby residents shouldn?t exceed 40 dBA, at 8 m/s wind speed. With advanced calculation models, like Nord 2000, the emitted sound from future wind Turbines can be calculated at an early stage to optimize the power production without exceeding the 40 dBA. When the Turbines have been built there is a need to verify that they really are within the guideline.

The gas Turbines in the Swedish secondary reserve are reaching the end of their technical lifetime, hence alternative solutions need to be considered. One of the solutions thought to have the greatest potential is the use of so called consumptionreduction. By entering contracts with large consumers, agreements are made to reduce consumption in the event of major disturbances in the power system and thus being used as a secondary reserve. This thesis investigates the feasibility of consumption reduction as part of the secondary reserve. This has been achieved by developing a requirement specification for the disturbance reserve and by studying the technical and economic potential for consumption reduction among a range of consumers.The technical potential for consumption reduction that fulfils the requirements for participating in the secondary reserve are on average 750 MW in SE 3 and 98 MW in SE 4.

The gas Turbines in the Swedish secondary reserve are reaching the end of their technical lifetime, hence alternative solutions need to be considered. One of the solutions thought to have the greatest potential is the use of so called consumptionreduction. By entering contracts with large consumers, agreements are made to reduce consumption in the event of major disturbances in the power system and thus being used as a secondary reserve. This thesis investigates the feasibility of consumption reduction as part of the secondary reserve. This has been achieved by developing a requirement specification for the disturbance reserve and by studying the technical and economic potential for consumption reduction among a range of consumers.The technical potential for consumption reduction that fulfils the requirements for participating in the secondary reserve are on average 750 MW in SE 3 and 98 MW in SE 4.