I have chosen in this work to examine which factors are affecting the artificially creation of a Tree cavity containing decomposed wood. The purpose of the work is to find out which factors are affecting the most when a Tree cavity is created, and to apply these results when you artificially try to create a Tree cavity. The need to create Tree cavities comes from the situation where many Tree cavity living beetles finds themselves today. When existing Trees are to pass out there will be no suitable inheritors yet. The work was initially to focus on cavities created from cut branches.

Individual Trees can act as carriers of meaning. When a person attributes deep meanings to a specific Tree, a relationship between the person and the Tree is created. To avoid conflicts between users and planners, increased awareness is required of how important individual Trees may be to a person. The objective of this study was to elucidate persons? relationships with individual urban Trees.

Tea Tree Oil eller TTO som det förkortas, är en olja som utvinns ur en australiensisk buske vid det latinska namnet Melaleuca alternifolia. Oljan har sedan många år använts som antiinflammatoriskt och bakteriedödande ämne. Denna litteraturstudie gjordes på 13 artiklar som svarade på tre sökningar i databasen PubMed. Artiklarna påvisar att TTO har en viss antibakteriell förmåga och kan fungera som antimykotiskt medel, men fler in vivo studer behövs för att säkerställa TTO:s effekt på olika parodontala åkommor..

There is no doubt about the significance of nature on the health of human beings. Not only is the Tree an element of nature that is of great value to our survival, it also serves as a valuable object and symbol of human beings? enjoyment and appreciation of the environment. The purpose of this study is to present the relationship that a person may have with a specific Tree. Three women and two men are interviewed about their Trees and the places where they are located.

This study is done together with Sydved AB in the summer of 2012. The purpose of the study is to analyse how different quantity of assortments influence the production for forwarders and harvesters with multiple Tree handling aggregate in thinning, by different Tree volumes. To make this analyse a time study was performed where three entrepreneurs work has been analysed. Beside the analyse, of different quantity of assortments, has also been analysed how the Tree volume and a forest fuel assortment effect the production. The result of this study shows that the quantities of assortments have a significant meaning for the production. The biggest differences are most distinct between one and three assortments in the smaller Tree volumes where production goes down if the quantity of assortments increase.

During the summer of 2007 I was employed by Högestad Christinehofs Förvaltning AB. My main task was to make an inventory of giant Trees at the estate. Högestad and Christinehof,which with their total possession of 13 000 ha of land is the biggest estate in Scania. A giant Tree is a Tree with a diameter in breast height more then 1 meter. Trees of these dimensions are registered by Swedish authorities. Landowners with a giant Tree on their property can receive a subsidy for cutting Trees that are in competition with the giant Tree.(Levenskog, 2007) Giant Trees are important for biodiversity in the landscape and there are important habitats for different insects, birds, bats, lichens and funguses.

ABSTRACTThis pilot study examines the knowledge about Tree root systems amongst five Treeplanting professionals. The aim is to find out the professionals? collective knowledge ofthe nature of root systems of various Trees used in green areas. Furthermore; to explorehow the professionals adapt landscaped green areas to the Tree root properties in asustainable manner. Questions: Which Tree species have special root properties toconsider and how do the professionals utilize this knowledge? And: How do theprofessionals in general adjust planting according to the root systems of Trees in areas tocreate sustainable green environments?Interviews with the professionals were performed.

To better understand how various factors affect the establishment of forest and Trees around the Tree line-ecotone, this study was conducted in Troms County, Norway. The altitude of different forest and Tree limits together with the surrounding vegetation type were collected during August 2011. Comparisons of the collected data were made with previously collected data from the same sites conducted 1914 and 1915. On average the forest limit has expanded with 26 meters in altitude, however, an expansion is not statistically significant for the whole area. The Tree limit has significantly expanded in altitude.

Climate on earth is getting warmer, which effects earth?s energy balance and so forth the ocean and atmospheric circulation.  In many sub-polar regions on the northern hemisphere changes due to warming of the climate can be observed. Some examples that already have been observed are shifts in Tree line, towards higher altitudes and latitudes, increased ablation of Swedish glaciers and melting of the permafrost on the Siberian tundra. In Sweden climate change scenarios tell us that it will become warmer and that a higher amount of precipitation in form of rain will be an effect from this. To study climate changes in Sweden, transition zones are useful in order to observe changes in distribution of species and animal populations.

The main purpose of this study is to investigate the productivity effects of multiple Tree handling in thinnings. Other important elements have been to investigate in which extent multi-Tree handling is used in stands with different stem volumes and the impact of collecting partially delimbed fuelwood assortments has on harvesting performance. The study is based on data from thinnings in Sydved and contractors' operating activities. Collection and compilation of operating schedules, number of stems and surveyed volumes from several contractors and a large number of executed orders underlying the results. Multiple Tree handling is used to a much greater extent at lower average stem volumes. Prediction models for productivity of the multiple-Tree handling harvesters in the study differ from the productivity models for single-Tree handling. In the model developed in this study productivity is not as dependent of stem volume as reference models.

This thesis is about Christmas Tree plantations in Sweden, and if its profitable to produce Christmas Trees in Sweden. Sweden has 4,3 million households, 3 million of these households buys Christmas Trees. 80 % of these Christmas Trees are Norway Spruce (Picea abies), which is the most common Spruce in Sweden. Every year over 170 000 Christmas Trees are imported to Sweden. The main import comes from Denmark.

After the storm Gudrun in 2005, the Swedish Transport Administration started clear-cutting of railroad corridors to reduce the risk of Trees falling down on the tracks. Simultaneously, train accidents with moose and roe deer have become more frequent and the costs for consequent delays and repairs of engines are of growing concern. There is reason to assume that Tree-clearance of railroad corridors may have contributed to an increase in number of accidents with moose and roe deer because the cleared areas provide attractive forage and thus may attract wildlife. The objective of my study was to investigate how clearing of Trees affected the number of accidents with moose and roe deer. I compared deer-train collision frequencies before and after clearance of the selected railroads and compared these with uncleared control railroads in a BACI (before-after control-impact) approach.

Human presence has always influenced the surrounding areas, the forest as well. Structure and species composition have changed during human land use. Knowledge regarding these changes should be of great interest for conservation and forestry. We have analyzed human impact on the Tree species composition on five study sites during 2000 years in Ångermanland, Sweden. More specifically the change in Tree species composition in percentage amongst alder, birch, spruce and pine over time.

In this study, pollen contamination (measured by the number of seeds pollinated by pollen not belonging to any of the clones on the seed orchard) is compared between open pollination and isolated pollination environments in a Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) seed orchard called Västerhus, located outside Önsköldsvik. In this seed orchard a tent experiment is taking place. Skogforsk has built six large tents covering 12-14 Trees with each tent. Fertilization patterns were compared between one Tree in a tent with a supplementation of pollen from five clones not represented in the tent and another Tree of the same clone subject to open pollination outside the tents. By using DNA markers the paternity was determined for 48 seeds from each Tree.

In this study, pollen contamination (measured by the number of seeds pollinated by pollen not belonging to any of the clones on the seed orchard) is compared between open pollination and isolated pollination environments in a Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) seed orchard called Västerhus, located outside Önsköldsvik. In this seed orchard a tent experiment is taking place. Skogforsk has built six large tents covering 12-14 Trees with each tent. Fertilization patterns were compared between one Tree in a tent with a supplementation of pollen from five clones not represented in the tent and another Tree of the same clone subject to open pollination outside the tents. By using DNA markers the paternity was determined for 48 seeds from each Tree.