Heifer?s growth may be divided into three main phases: calf period, Puberty and pregnancy. When the heifers are about three months old a critical period begins. This period ends when the heifer reach Puberty and have her first oestrus at around 9-12 months of age. In the critical period the mammary gland starts to grow at a fast rate and Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) transport the growth signals to the mammary glands.

The purpose with this essay is to find out which demands the syllabus for the Swedish language make on the pupils in compulsory school compared to some active teachers? point of view. The method I have used to find out is a qualitative interview, where I have interviewed four Swedish teachers of various professional experiences.After the change of government in 1991, the new curriculum committee had a mission where the goal was to develop the best school in Europe. A national target was introduced and the goals were proposed to be of two kinds; goals to strive for and goals to achieve. A problem in this is that the knowledge that pupils in ninth grade will acquire, is formulated in such a manner so that not even experts in each subject would live up to the demands placed on the students.

Complete tumour regression is the optimal outcome of cancer therapies. There are however types of tumours that naturally regress. Most of these are benign, dermatological and have an early onset in life. This literature study aims to elucidate the mechanisms behind spontaneous tumour regression. In Libechov Melanoblastoma-Bearing minipigs, an animal-model specifically bred to develop malignant melanoma, the tumours usually involute within three months.

The chow-chow breed is considered to have a low fertility and this report is an in depth study of the reproductive functions of this breed in Sweden. Only 53 % of the Chow-chow matings results in litters. Previous studies of other breeds in commercial kennels shows mating results around 85-90 %, but this has not been investigated in hobby kennels and most Chow-chows which are bred from in Sweden, are kept as family pets. Contrary to most other breeds, Chow-chows show a seasonal reproductive pattern and most litters are born in the autumn. The influence of the month of mating on pregnancy rate and litter size was found to be not significant, but can be considered a trend. Thirty-nine females with previous known fertility problems where studied. Some of them had reached Puberty extremely early, at an age between 4-5 months, and many of the bitches showed great fluctuations in intervals between oestrus cycles. Some of the females showed abnormalities such as very short oestrus intervals of only 2-3 months, probably without ovulating.

The purpose of this thesis is to, based on interviews and document studies, critically discuss how the introduction of kickboxing in Physical Education (PE) could affect gender equality in society. Based on a queer feminist and norm critical perspective on the prevailing teaching of PE, which, despite official efforts to challenge and modernize PE, persists in reproducing gender norms by e.g. spending 75% of class time on ball games. The hypothesis is that girls accessing violence (empowerment) through a bodily awareness in the form of kickboxing, positively would challenge the power imbalance that gender norms create. Girls are brought up, even today, in accordance with gender norms arguing against girls/women wanting to use their bodies as powerful tools to set limits.

The purpose of our report was to analyze the effects of youth drug abuse on the families concerned. Youth drug abuse made us wonder about the effects on the family as a whole, of those involved with drug abuse. To answer this question, we decided to employ an empiric study in the form of interviews with four teenagers, five parents and four drug counselors. Because our intent was to understand rather than try to measure the problems involved, we decided on a qualitative method. Our method built upon semi-structured interviews using open questions, where the interviewees were free to express their own thoughts and opinions.

The background of the study consists of the fact that knowledge about how eating disorders are developed and maintained is extensive. Socio-cultural factors and media influence when developing an eating disorder is of significance. When reviewing literature and previous research, knowledge about practical attainments when treating eating disorders are insufficient. The aim of the study was therefore to examine how staff who treats eating disordered patients think about body ideals, strive for success and media influence in treatment and rehabilitation. The theory consists of Foucault?s theory of power, how beauty ideals are dependent of the cultural context in which we live and what qualities are associated with beauty and body ideals.

During the last 50 years the production of milk per cow has increased. This has, however, been followed by a decreased reproductive performance. Shorter and more indistinct signs of oestrus make it harder for the Swedish farmers to discover when the cows are in oestrus. There is a need for ways to control reproduction. The use of pheromones could possibly provide means to satisfy this need.

SammanfattningSyfte: Finna forskningsbaserade underlag för hur fysisk barn- och ungdomsträning bör bedrivas, från nybörjarnivå som barn (ca sex år) till avancerad nivå som ung senior (ca 18 år) och koppla detta till innebandy.Frågeställningar: Finns det perioder under uppväxten då unga idrottare är extra mottagliga för en viss typ av träning? Hur bör träningen utformas under uppväxten uppdelat i delkapaciteterna: aerobt, anaerobt, styrka, rörlighet och koordination/teknik?Metod: Systematisk litteraturöversikt av befintlig forskning inom det valda problemområdet. Sökningar i databasen EBSCOhost har utförts. Från sammanlagt i 713 st. artiklar har tolv artiklar sållats fram som gick vidare till dataextraktion.

Gross motor skills among Swedish pupils. An overview of functional motor abilities among Swedish children and adolescents.IntroductionPhysical Education (PE) teachers in Sweden have noticed that pupils are getting worse in their ability to manage gross motor skills and in their aerobic practice. The gross motor skills and coordinative skills are the solid ground for sports and other health activities. If not developing their gross motor skill children tends to avoid taking part in games and sports. The benefits of sports and outdoor activities such as social and health benefits can therefore be missed.

Alpackor blir alltmer populära som ullproducenter och sällskapsdjur, både i Sverige och i övriga världen. Detta ökar kraven på ett effektivt avelsarbete, i synnerhet då alpackor av naturen har en långsam reproduktion. En viktig del i det arbetet är att kunna skilja ut och använda lovande avelshanar så tidigt som möjligt och att undvika tjuvparning med mindre lämpliga hanar. I litteraturen anges att alpackor uppnår puberteten någon gång mellan 1 och 3 års ålder, vilket är ett stort spann. Puberteten är dock en successiv process med många olika definitioner, bland annat fullt utvecklade könsorgan, libido och en viss minimikoncentration av spermier i ejakulatet.

Älgen är idag en art av stort intresse för det svenska samhället. Främst som resurs, men arten arten kan också orsaka problem i form av trafikolyckor och betesskador. Vid förvaltningsbeslut finns det flera olika faktorer att ta hänsyn till och för att bedöma stammens storlek finns ett antal olika inventeringsmetoder. Kunskap om reproduktionen är bland annat viktigt för att uppskatta stammens tillväxt. En metod vid datainsamling är att undersöka honliga könsorgan insamlade under jakt.