Permaculture is a design system that aims at developing sustainable human settlements and self-maintained agriculture; it may also be used for community planning. The design system of Permaculture aims at mimicking a natural ecosystem; this gives the advantage to make use of all the connections and mechanisms that exist in such a system.The purpose of this bachelor thesis was to compile and spread scientific information regarding five different themes within the areas of ecology, environmental science and Permaculture. This was achieved through cooperation with the Permaculture inspired Ecovillage Suberbyn in southern Gotland. Information about the central parts of a Permaculture ecovillage was used as material for a series of signposts that will be located around the ecovillage Suderbyn. The five selected themes were: An overview of Permaculture, The forest garden, The pond, Composting and The use of human excrement and urine..

The unheated greenhouse was originally a development from orangeries in the 1700th century and in 1930 and 1940 in blocks of greenhouses in the province of Scania. Today unheated greenhouses are used in Permaculture, in the?eco villages? and in commercial culturing. Of the total Swedish commercial greenhouse area is today 8 % used as unheated greenhouses (SJV). This essay is based on the acceptance that unheated greenhouses will have a renaissance as production units. In the light of the today?s debate about energy ? and environment and the condition concerning this, the unheated greenhouse becomes an alternative. The purpose of this essay is to make an arguing synopsis about unheated greenhouses for using in acting as teacher, consultant and inspirer and also for taking part of the acceptance as ?for? or ?against?. The information is based on literature studies and information gathered with the keywords unheated greenhouse, coolhouse, coldhouse, greenhouse, type of greenhouse, orangery, greenhouse cultur, swedish greenhouse culture and Permaculture, data gathering through SCB/SJV and by interviews with persons in the garden branch. My conclusion is that the unheated greenhouse could have a renaissance as a production unit. In this context it is important to give cultivators of greenhouses with experiences of unheated greenhouses great possibilities to share their knowledge, and through education possibility to change attitudes concerning unheated greenhouses. .

This essay gives the reader an overview of the different problems and issues a landscape architect might meet, in the process of planning and realizing an eco-village. Its aim is to stimulate new ideas, based on the traditional, present and future working field of landscape architects. The essay does not claim to cover all imaginable aspects of social sustainability within an eco- village, but refers to the presented sources for further in-depth reading. Although the original focus has been on physical planning, the interviewees? words have been of big importance, and to a certain extent changed the constitution of this essay.

Rooted in Industrial Ecology (IE) theory, this report evaluates how urban agricultural concepts and techniques, can contribute to improved ecological sustainability within the inner city boundaries of Stockholm. An overarching literary study as well as an interview was carried out, resulting in a qualitative analysis followed by suggestions for practical implementations. A substantial convergence was found between the eco-restructuring objectives of IE and the principal motives for urban agriculture. Consequently, eco-restructuring objectives are found in varying degrees in the presented urban agricultural techniques. Industrial symbioses, Permaculture and combinations of urban agricultural techniques are tools which are capable of corresponding adequately to the diversity of urban settings.

Beräkningar visar att det med nuvarande befolkning och en västerländsk levnadsstandard behövs upp till sju jordklot för vår försörjning. Tillsammans förbrukar USA och Europa 2/3 av jordens resurser varav flera därtill redan är överutnyttjade. Jordens nuvarande befolkning förbrukar i dagsläget 120 % mer av jordens resurser än vad som är hållbart. Med den västerländska människans nuvarande genomsnittliga livsstil förmår jorden bara försörja en miljard innevånare på ett hållbart sätt.Ofta är energieffektiviseringar och energibesparingar de lösningar som föreslås för att lösa de problem som det medför. Naturligtvis är det viktigt att spara energi men de tekniska lösningar som finns för att energieffektivisera kan inte ensamma utgöra en lösning.

I Sverige utförs dagligen observationer av snöns djup och utbredning under snösäsongen.Observationerna används till exempel för att årsvis avgöra maximalt snödjup, snötäckets första ochsista dag samt antal dygn med snötäcke på olika platser. Traditionellt utförs snödjupsmätningarmanuellt med en enkel mätpinne, men med ny teknik kommer nya möjligheter. Med enultraljudssnömätare kan automatiserade snödjupsmätningar utföras med bättre upplösning i bådetiden och rummet vilket därmed ger bättre uppfattning av snöns tillväxt, hopsjunkning samtsmältning och innebär att alla signifikanta förändringar i snötäcket garanterat kommer observeras.I denna utvärdering har en jämförelse gjorts av manuella och automatiska snödjupsmätningarutförda parallellt på samma plats men med olika frekvens. Instrumentet som utvärderats är enSR50A Sonic Ranging Sensor uppmonterad vid Institutionen för geovetenskapers mätstation vidUppsala universitet. Vid mätstationen görs även manuella snödjupsmätningar en gång per dag.