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54 Uppsatser om Peat - Sida 1 av 4
Bottenfaunan i Stensjöån och dess tillflöde Bokån : - en undersökning av tre lokaler
The purpose of this study has been to examine whether the bottom fauna of the stream Stensjöån, has been negatively influenced since the harvesting of Peat began on the nearby Peat moss Skäftesmyr or not. Comparison has been made with the results of index calculations from earlier examinations in the stream, two calculated indexes has been made, Danish fauna index and ASPT-index. The sampling was made with the kick sampling method, SS-EN 27 828. Three locations were chosen for the examination, one upstream from the Peat moss, one just downstream from where the brook from the Peat moss joins Stensjöån and a third location near the outlet of the stream to the lake Stensjön. The samples were sorted and the found animals identified to the taxonomic level required for the calculation of the two indexes.
Strötorvsanvändning i djurstallar : en litteraturgenomgång
Peat litter has been used in animal houses for a long time. Because of its good ability to absorb liquid and nutrients from the manure it can create a dry surface for animals and a valuable manure product. Through changes in agricultural practises the use of Peat litter has diminished and is to a great extent replaced by straw, sawdust and cutter shavings although Sweden is rich in Peat-findings.
The aim of this work was to summarize the presented knowledge about the used of Peat
litter, techniques, advantages and disadvantages and to compare with other commonly
used litter materials. Articles on Peat litter have been searched for in magazines, databases and books at SLU library. Visits to Peat industries, interviews with Peat producers and with Peat researchers contributed to the material.
Peat is not a uniformly material.
Torvströ till svenska mjölkkor :
Peat litter is a soft material with high absorbency. About hundred years ago many farmers in Sweden used Peat litter to their dairy cows. After the World War II the use of Peat litter decreased and the farmers used more straw. Nowadays (year 2007), when it is harder to find straw and sawdust to buy, Peat litter is advancing again. The purpose with this study is to investigate Peat as a litter to dairy cows.
Kaliumgödsling på torvmark - effekt på tillväxten hos planterade granar (Picea abies)
Peat lands are a great potential resource for increased forest growth in Sweden, there are approximately 6.5 million hectares of Peat lands, whereof around 70% produce less wood than one m3sk/ha and year and are therefore classed as forest waste land. There are over 200 000 hectares of Peat land that is already drained and wooded, and that may be suitable for fertilization. Forest production on Peat soils usually requires drainage and fertilization. Dewatering requires ditching the area, so that the roots can have access to oxygen. Nitrogen is often abundant in the Peat but other nutrients; especially potassium is in short supply. The purpose of this work was to examine the effects of potassium fertilization on the growth of spruces that were planted on drained Peat land and how different amount of fertilizers affects the growth. Potassium deficiency is strongly growth inhibiting, since potassium is important for substance transport in the tree. Potassium is also important for the carbohydrate formation, and because increasing the sugar content of the cells constitutes a lower freezing temperature does potassium availability in the soil play a major role in the winter resistance of many species. Potassium is not found in any organic compounds in the tree, but is present in cell and tissue fluids. A fertilization trial was started in 1978 in Siljansfors Experimental Forest. The plots in the experiment were fertilized with different amounts of potassium and one plot was left without fertilization. All plots that were fertilized with potassium grew considerably better than the unfertilized plot. The difference in production between the unfertilized plot and the plot that received the most potassium was 7.2 m3sk/ha and year. The unfertilized plot can still be classified as waste land. The theoretical production capacity was estimated using a Swedish system for site quality estimation of wetlands after ditching (dikningsbonitering). The plot with most potassium produced after fertilizationaproximately in level with theoretical estimations. Key words: Peat land, Fertilization, Ditching, Growth, site quality..
Uppvärmning med spannmål och trädbränslen :
This examination work brings up opportunities to invest in a construction for heating with grain
or pellets on farm level.
As example we have chosen Fröberga Gård which is a farm located in Östergötland outside of
Söderköping.
The farm`s residential buildings is to day heated with oil and electricity.
The result of our investigation shows that heating with grain is the best alternative, partly because
of economical issues but also because you can grow the grain on your own farm and by that you
can get better economy in your seed cultivation.
To grow 16 tonne of grain as is needed demand gives a insignificant increase of work.
Further an advantage is that no investment in machines is needed because all the machines witch
is needed already is in use on the farm.
In a situation where a new investment is needed as in the case we studied, is it often profitable to
invest in a integrated furnace. Because all the components are well adapted to each other, and
because that gives a high efficiency.
If you already own a well working furnace is it often most profitable to connect a burner to it.
It is important to know that heating with grain need more work than heating with pellets, because
the high contents of ash in grain.
Even if you choose pellets instead of grain the calculation shows good results.
Because Peat is an excellent but fairly untested raw material for pelletsproduction we have
chosen to watch little more on its quality and conductions.
We discovered that Peat has a high heating value which makes it possible to raise the heat value
in pellets through mix up Peat and wood. Or you can make pellets with only Peat and get a pellet
with high heating value. Even the calculation with Peatheating shows good results..
Temperaturens och den fotosyntetiskt aktiva strålningens effekt på avgång och inlagring av kol på en dikad torvjord
The decomposition of organic carbon in drained Peat soils is a major source of carbon di-oxide in Sweden. A big part of these drained Peat soils are used in agriculture and it is a big challenge to slow down their decomposition. It has earlier been thought that less tilling and higher water table levels would decrease the activity of soil microbes and thereby the decomposition, but recent experiments has showed that this has little or no effect.
In this bachelor thesis a field experiment was made on drained Peat soil with ley, outside Björklinge, Uppsala municipality, Sweden. The experiment was carried out in May 2011. The objective was to develop a method to examine how the net exchange of carbon diox-ide from plant covered Peat soil is affected by temperature and photosynthetically active radiation (PAR).
Effects of peat and wood shavings as bedding on the faecal microflora of horses
The main purpose of this study was to determine the impact of bedding material on the faecal microflora of horses. Another objective was to investigate the hygienic and physical qualities of the bedding materials used and how these may change in the course of the trial period. The bedding materials used were sphagnum Peat and wood shavings. Six horses had each material as bedding for a three week period in a change?over experiment.
Skogstillväxten ca 20 år efter plantering på Flakmossen : dikningens och gödslingens betydelse vid beskogning på en avslutad torvtäkt i Värmland
This study was performed in an afforestation experiment established 1982 on an abandoned Peat harvesting area, Flakmossen, in the province of Värmland, SW Sweden. The experimen-tal design include planting with Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris), in combination with various drainage intensities (20, 30, and 40 m between ditches), and fertilizer doses 0, 100, and 200 g PK per seedling applied at the date of planting.
The aim of this study was to achieve more knowledge about the conditions on afforestation of Peat harvesting areas, especially regarding drainage intensity and fertilization requirements, by means of determining the stand growth and yield in the Flakmossen trial.
The forest growth did not differ significantly between the drainage intensities tested when the same amount of phosphor and potassium fertilizer was added. Thus, shorter distances between ditches than 40 m can not be recommended.
When no fertilization was carried out seedling survival was very low, and the growth of sur-vived seedlings was poor. The largest diameter and height growth were observed in the areas where the highest dose of phosphorus and potassium (200g/seedling) was given.
Utvärdering av koldioxidmätaren Vaisala GMP343 samt sambandet mellan grundvattennivå och koldioxidavgång från torvjordar
The research group Soil and Water Management at the department of Soil and Environment at theSwedish University of Agricultural Sciences in Uppsala are studying greenhouse gas emissions fromcultivated Peat soils. To measure carbon dioxide emissions from Peat soils in the field the researchgroup are now using two portable carbon dioxide meters (Vaisala GMP343). For practical reasons,they plan to acquire a new type of automated field meter. The aim of this study is to evaluate thepresent meters to see how environmental conditions and instrument settings affect the results,which is meant to facilitate the introduction of the new field meter when the meters needs to becompared. As a part of the study the relationship between groundwater level and carbon dioxideemissions from Peat soils will be investigated.The evaluation of the two carbon dioxide meters was made by connecting them to one single airtightsystem, with the aim of creating identical measurement environments.
Att Synliggöra det Osynliga : GIS som verktyg i sökandet efter bosättningsområden från bronsåldern på Gotland
In this bachelor essay an attempt is done, to recreate a probable Bronze Age landscape on Gotland, with GIS as a tool. The landscape on Gotland is situated with many different monuments dated Bronze Age, such as cairns and stone ships. In creating of the maps, two possible shorelines contemporary with the Bronze Age have been calculated and marked on the maps. Furthermore, Peat lands have been drawn upon the maps, by using the information from geological maps.A landscape variable have been compared between Bronze Age places and Early Iron Age houses; the soil type. On Bronze Age places gravel is the most common, while moraine marl is the most common on places with Early Iron Age houses.From a selection that were made, all Bronze Age places where within 3 km from the water, either the recreated shoreline or Peat land.
Specialpedagogiskt stöd i förskolan : En bild av förskollärares erfarenhet av specialpedagogiskt stöd
In this bachelor essay an attempt is done, to recreate a probable Bronze Age landscape on Gotland, with GIS as a tool. The landscape on Gotland is situated with many different monuments dated Bronze Age, such as cairns and stone ships. In creating of the maps, two possible shorelines contemporary with the Bronze Age have been calculated and marked on the maps. Furthermore, Peat lands have been drawn upon the maps, by using the information from geological maps.A landscape variable have been compared between Bronze Age places and Early Iron Age houses; the soil type. On Bronze Age places gravel is the most common, while moraine marl is the most common on places with Early Iron Age houses.From a selection that were made, all Bronze Age places where within 3 km from the water, either the recreated shoreline or Peat land.
Sticklingsetablering av Sedum spp. för gröna tak : biokol som organiskt material i substrat
The popularity of vegetated, or green roofs, has grown over the past years due to their potential
function of maintaining urban environment quality. The aim of this study was to investigate if
substrates with different organic material, Peat and charcoal, with two contents (3 or 6 weight%)
influenced the growth of the cuttings during the first critical period of the establishment. Biochar is
used as amendment to agricultural soils and has, theoretically, many of the properties suitable as
organic content in green roof-substrates. Peat is one of the materials that is commercially used in
green roof industry. The substrate has been treated with different amounts of water.
Konst, makt och politik i 1600-talets England : en analys av hur Charles I försök att använda konsten som medel för att stärka kungamakten speglades i Anthony van Dycks konst.
In this bachelor essay an attempt is done, to recreate a probable Bronze Age landscape on Gotland, with GIS as a tool. The landscape on Gotland is situated with many different monuments dated Bronze Age, such as cairns and stone ships. In creating of the maps, two possible shorelines contemporary with the Bronze Age have been calculated and marked on the maps. Furthermore, Peat lands have been drawn upon the maps, by using the information from geological maps.A landscape variable have been compared between Bronze Age places and Early Iron Age houses; the soil type. On Bronze Age places gravel is the most common, while moraine marl is the most common on places with Early Iron Age houses.From a selection that were made, all Bronze Age places where within 3 km from the water, either the recreated shoreline or Peat land.
Påverkan av skogsbrand på litiska arkeologiska fynd ? experimentell simulering av brand
This is a paper about the effects from smoldering fire on lithic objects from an archaeological view.
The introduction gives the background to this paper, a short orientation to forest wildfires and why the work is limited to: flint, quartz, quartzite and slate. Material and methods describes the stone materials and the setup that was used in the temperature logged tests with three replications for each type of material. The fuel in the burnings was Peat on a bottom of sand. Flint showed a more drastic effect from heat compared with the other materials. Slate seems to have greater tendencies to change to darker colour and luster at lower temperatures than the other materials.
Föryngring och produktion av skog på torvmark
Kunskapen kring svensk torvmarksbeskogning är undermålig. En kunskapslucka som till stor del beror på att torvmark tidigare bedömts som ointressant mark i samband med skogsproduktion. Detta beror mycket på det svenska regelverkets restriktioner mot markavvattning och gödsling samt miljöaspekterna som berörs och den aktivare skötsel som krävs. Det ökade behovet av skogsråvara gör att skogsbruket söker nya marker där torvmarken har potential att etableras för skogsproduktion.Studien är en kunskapssammanställning som lyfter fram kunskap kring skogsbruk på svensk torvmark med fokus på föryngringsprocessen. Finland använder torvmarker i skogsbruket på ett sofistikerat sätt.