Background: During the last decade climbing has become more popular and the numbers of climbers in Sweden have increased considerably. Most common are Overuse injuries caused by the great stress and strain climbing creates on different parts of the body. Previous studies show that 75-90% of climbing injuries are localised in the upper extremity. Injuries affecting the lower extremity occur often acute and traumatic. Based on these facts and that the number of climbers constantly grows, it is more likely that the need of care from physiotherapist among climbers will increase.

Jumper´s knee is a common Overuse injury due to repetitive microtrauma to the patellar tendon. It is especially common among athletes who are involved in sporting activities that involve jumping or fast running. The term jumper´s knee was adopted after Blazina published his original paper in 1973. Its pathology can be considered as a partial or total rupture of the patellar tendon in one of its three insertions. The aim of this literature study was to review the methods used to treat this condition and the results obtained focusing on pain relief and returning to previous sport or level of activity.

The aim of this diploma work was to obtain a review of the appeal process in Sweden under the Planning and Building Act and the possibilities of appeal in the planning and building permit process. The work was intended to identify potential problems surrounding the appeal process and possible efficiency measures. The goal was to form a report that provides a satisfactory overview of the appeal process in theory and practical application as well as provide relevant concrete proposals on how the appeal process can be streamlined.Background and facts surrounding the work were taken from different types of literature and through several interviews with representatives in government, industry and politicians.The main problems related to the appeal process are in the long processing times and the high number of appeals. There is a great interest to streamline the appeals process and the government is going to launch studies in which possible future actions will be investigated.It is possible to appeal for up to two instances before you need a so called ?leave to appeal? in order for your complaint to be passed on to the next instance.

Light has always fascinated humans but ever since the invention of the first light bulb, the use of artificial lighting has accelerated dramatically. Darkness has never been as rare as today and the Overuse of lighting has created a new phenomenon called light pollution. Most living beings are biologically dependent on the recurrent twenty-four-hour rhythm of light and darkness, called the circadian cycle. Human beings are evolutionary developed after this circadian rhythm and the effects of constant artificial light is yet unknown. Scientists fear the consequences of constant lighting and what it means physically, mentally and philosophically for the human species.

InledningTriathlon är en uthållighetsidrott där momenten simning, cykel och löpning utförs i en följd. Svensk triathlon har vuxit beträffande antal utövare och tävlingar sedan år 2005.Syfte och frågeställningarStudiens syfte var att undersöka hur de tidigare outforskade svenska triathleter är fördelade beträffande kön, ålder och huvudsaklig tävlingsdistans, samt vilka skador som förekommerHur ser fördelningen ut mellan män och kvinnor som tränar/tävlar mot viss distans?Hur ser fördelningen ut mellan olika kategorier av erfarenhet (år av idrottsutövande) mellan dem som tränar/tävlar mot viss distans?Hur är prevalensen för olika skador och hur ser skadepanoramat ut?Hur är prevalensen för skadeproblematik i förhållande till huvudsaklig tävlingsdistans?MetodEn enkätundersökning baserad på tidigare internationell forskning bestående av tolv flervalsfrågor skapades beträffande den svenske triathletens bakgrund, erfarenheter, tränings- och/eller tävlingsdistans och skadeproblematik. Totalt inkom 614 varav 564 (92 %) kompletta svar. Studiens resultat visar på att triathleter som tränar och/eller tävlar i sprintdistans är de som är mest skadefria (30 %).

SammanfattningSyfte: Syftet med den här studien var att undersöka den upplevda effekten av upprepad behandling med kinesiotejp under 2 veckor, sett till smärta och besvär hos idrottare med medialt tibiasyndrom (MTS). Frågeställningarna som ställdes var: vilken effekt har behandling med kinesiotejp på smärta vid MTS samt vilken effekt har behandling med kinesiotejp på besvär och symtom vid medialt MTS?Metod: Femton personer med diagnosen MTS deltog i studien (10 kvinnor och 5 män). Samtliga deltagare var aktiva inom friidrott alternativt löpning. Deltagarna skattade sin smärta i båda benen, men endast ett ben tejpades.

To support uniform and fair assessment of Swedish students? English language competences, mandatory National tests are provided both for secondary and upper secondary education. The current thesis may be seen as a contribution to the further development and validation of these tests, with regard to the likely introduction of computerized testing methods. The aim is to gain further knowledge from current research in the field, to study and elucidate international experiences of implementation, and to gather and analyze feedback from students and teachers. Based on my findings, some tentative conclusions will be drawn, and recommendations made concerning future developments.