The purpose with this report is to compare Moose browsing in young stands within a small game preservation, and if there are any differences between two areas. The method used in the inventory is a local damage caused by Moose browsing survey. It is suitable on areas that have more than 50 hectares but less than 250 hectares of young forest. Inventory of Moose browsing is best done on bare ground in the spring and should preferably be done before the flushing begins at the pine. Orsblecks game management area is divided into two different Moose management areas, Noppikoski and Siljansringen. During the winter Siljansringen has a denser winter strain of Moose, because of the Moose seek out lower parts with less snow during the winter. This should also lead to the southernmost part should accommodate larger proportion of damages caused by browsing by Moose.

The background of this study is an article in the hunting magazine ?Svensk Jakt? where Karl Hedin claims that his sawmills has not noticed any significant Moose damages in the timber. The purpose with the study is to find out the causes to the Moose explosion and what it has led to in today?s forests. A questionnaire has been sent out to sawmills in the region Dalarna with the purpose of finding out if sawmills receive Moose-damaged timber and what they think about how they foresee future development. There were two causes of the Moose explosion, that had effects on the Moose population. The first cause was that the Moose hunters wanted to raise the Moose population, and by raising the calf shooting and by saving the cows they succeeded. The second cause was changing methods in Swedish forestry.

The background of this study is an article in the hunting magazine ?Svensk Jakt? where Karl Hedin claims that his sawmills has not noticed any significant Moose damages in the timber. The purpose with the study is to find out the causes to the Moose explosion and what it has led to in today?s forests. A questionnaire has been sent out to sawmills in the region Dalarna with the purpose of finding out if sawmills receive Moose-damaged timber and what they think about how they foresee future development. There were two causes of the Moose explosion, that had effects on the Moose population. The first cause was that the Moose hunters wanted to raise the Moose population, and by raising the calf shooting and by saving the cows they succeeded. The second cause was changing methods in Swedish forestry.

The background of this study is an article in the hunting magazine ?Svensk Jakt? where Karl Hedin claims that his sawmills has not noticed any significant Moose damages in the timber. The purpose with the study is to find out the causes to the Moose explosion and what it has led to in today?s forests. A questionnaire has been sent out to sawmills in the region Dalarna with the purpose of finding out if sawmills receive Moose-damaged timber and what they think about how they foresee future development. There were two causes of the Moose explosion, that had effects on the Moose population. The first cause was that the Moose hunters wanted to raise the Moose population, and by raising the calf shooting and by saving the cows they succeeded. The second cause was changing methods in Swedish forestry.

The traditional Swedish way of dealing with browsing damages made by Moose, is to reduce the Moose population. However, a growing way of dealing with damages made by several ungulate species, including wild boars in particular is to redistribute them with supplementary food sources. Attracting them to settle in habitats less vulnerable to damages made during foraging. This study we tracked collared Moose in southern Sweden from January throughout April in the year of 2009. From the tracking data their ?favourite? positions was selected and visited in order to study the features that attracts Moose during winter.

For many decades the increase in traffic volume, expansion of highways and infrastructure has lead to an increase of wildlife vehicle collisions which are unfortunately very common in many countries today. They cause great deal of material damage and even kill humans or wildlife. Measures in the form of warning signs, under- and overpasses and fencing have been implemented for a long time with the help of observation by hunters and collisions sites. However this study focuses on the Moose?s perspective and the variables that, both spatially and temporally, could have an effect on why and when Moose are close to certain types of roads.

To Swedes in general and, to hunters in particular, there is a great interest for Moose (Alces alces), witch is Sweden?s largest deer species. In the province of Öland (Sweden?s second largest island) the local people show a great interest for the Moose existence, both for consumptive (hunting) and non-consumptive use (tourism). This became apparent in 2002 when the Moose hunters on Öland voluntary agreed to temporarily postpone the Moose hunt on the island.

Site fidelity, the behaviour of animals to return to areas where they have been before is a common trait in many species. The Scandinavian Moose is known to show fidelity to its range, but to what extent, is little known. The landscape in Sweden changes in a predictable and unpredictable way and hence gives the opportunity to test the existence of fidelity. I used the kernel Brownian bridge method to estimate the home ranges of individual Moose over consecutive years and estimated the overlap at the home range level. I also used Euclidian distance to look on calving site fidelity.

In the 1980?s the Moose population in Sweden grew explosively due to big changes in the silviculture with clear cuttings instead of single-tree selection. Clear cuttings brought big areas of young forest and therefore a lot of fodder in one place. Since this change, the discussion about how to manage the Moose population has grown into a very big problem. Forest owners think that the population needs to be strongly reduced because of all the damage that is done to the young forest when the Moose seeks its food, and the economic losses because of that.

The European Brown bear (Ursus arctos) has gone from basically being extinct in Sweden to, 2008 being estimated to a total of 3298 individuals. When looking at the new Swedish Moose management system it is important to have an ecosystem-based approach and therefore include all the parts that Moose impacts on and from in the management, especially the brown bear. Primarily in the spring and early summer the brown bear is a significant predator on Moose calfs which must be taken into account in Moose management. When the bear recolonize areas that it has previously been eradicated from, it will once again come in contact with people who are not accustomed to the bear's role in the ecosystem. We studied three groups of Moose management areas with different predation by bears.

Most studies regarding wolf (Canis lupus) predation on Moose (Alces alces) have focused on the total annual consumption of Moose within a wolf territory but few have tried to describe the spatial impact of wolf predation on a local scale. In this study I have analyzed wolf movement data, wolf predation, Moose hunting statistics and Moose hunter observations to investigate how wolf predation affects the human harvest of Moose in Scandinavia. Since wolves prey on mostly juvenile Moose during summer, analysis of their summer movement patterns is crucial to understand its impact on the human harvest later during autumn. In this study both reproducing (n = 45) and non-reproducing wolves (n = 12) reduced their movement range during summer to 66% and 67% of their annual movement range, respectively. Reproducing wolves increased their movement range from early to late summer while non reproducing wolves did not.

At the end of April 1986 reactor number 4 of the nuclear power plant at Chernobyl explod-ed and large amounts of radioactive particles were then released into the atmosphere due to both the explosion as well as the consecutive fire of the graphite core. A cloud of radioac-tivity was spread over the northern hemisphere, including Sweden, due to the prevailing wind directions. The radioactive particles were washed out from the cloud by rain and snowfall in some areas of Sweden and deposited on the ground. The deposited radionu-clides, primarily cesium and iodine isotopes, were later absorbed into the soil and taken up by the roots of the plants. Some of these radionuclides, like 137Cs, still persist in some of the terrestrial ecosystems at relatively high concentrations which lead to contamination of the meat of Moose, roe deer and wild boar even today.The two municipalities Heby and Uppsala, in the eastern part of central Sweden, experi-enced a relatively large deposition of 137Cs which resulted in high levels of 137Cs in Moose and other game.

Wildlife fences are today commonly used along highways to reduce the risk of vehicle collisions with wildlife. Since traffic and roads have expanded over the years, wildlife behaviour has become more interesting not only for the prevention of vehicle collisions but also to understand how human activities impact their natural habitats. Moose is one of those animals that have increased in interest in such studies. In this study, I tested if the probability to cross wildlife fences of Moose would increase with increasing home range sizes, and also at what time of the year they cross. The study area is situated in Nordmaling municipality, located in Northern Sweden in the County of Västerbotten.

Migration is a worldwide phenomenon that has occurred for thousands of years in a vast variety of species. The general knowledge of migrating animals is poor even though billions of animals from a range of different groups migrate every year. The human impact on migrating ungulates is high and many populations are declining globally due to direct and indirect causes. Hence it becomes vital to study the migration phase and the habitat and resources selected during migration. The objective with this study was to identify the habitat characteristics and resource selection of Moose during migration and compare the selection between different seasons and utilization distribution (relative frequency distribution for the points of location of an animal over a period of time) categories.

It has been shown that Moose can affect plant community composition and structure. Selective browsing with other damages of large herbivores on tree species with different tolerance to disturbance could reshape the tree layer in both managed and natural forests. Rowan Sorbus aucuparia is widely distributed throughout Sweden and Europe. Research has shown that browsing by Moose may prevent rowan from reaching browsing safe heights. The goal has been formulated that, where rowan is indigenous, it should have a good competition status and be able to reach tree level.